Senses
1. rock, bedrock, cliff — A large, solid mass of stone; used both of literal geological rock formations (Matt 27:51 rocks splitting, Matt 27:60 tomb hewn from rock, Rev 6:15-16 hiding among rocks) and metaphorically of a firm foundation for building (Matt 7:24-25 house on rock, Matt 16:18 'on this rock I will build my church,' 1 Cor 10:4 the spiritual rock). Distinguished from πέτρος (a detachable stone) by denoting massive, immovable bedrock. Multilingual evidence confirms a single sense: spa 'roca/piedra/peñas,' hin 'चट्टान/चट्टानों' (caṭṭān), arb 'صَخرَة/صُخور' (ṣaḫra/ṣuḫūr), kor '바위/반석' (bawi/banseok — rock/bedrock), swa 'mwamba/miamba.' Singular and plural forms reflect grammatical number, not distinct meanings. 15×
AR["الصَّخْرَةِ","الصَّخْرِ","الصُّخورِ","الصُّخُورُ","صَخرَةٍ","صَخرَةُ","صَخرَةِ","صَخرِ","صَخْرٍ","صَخْرَةَ","صُخورِ"]·ben["পাথরগুলি","পাথরগুলিকে,","পাথরগুলিতে","পাথরে","পাথরের","শিলা","শিলার,"]·DE["Fels"]·EN["a-rock","rock","rocks"]·FR["roc","rocher"]·heb["סְלָעִים","סֶּלַע","סֶלַע","סָלַע"]·HI["चट्टान","चट्टान-पर","चट्टानें","चट्टानों","चट्टानों-से,","चत्तअन"]·ID["batu","batu-batu","batu-batu,","batu-karang","itu","karang"]·IT["petra","petrais","petras","roccia"]·jav["karang","parang","parang,","sela","sela;","séla","watu"]·KO["바위","바위-에","바위들","바위들-에게","바위들-이","바위를","바위에서","반석","반석-위에","반석은"]·PT["pedra","rocha","rocha,","rochas"]·RU["-скалу","Скала","камень","камне","скала","скалам,","скале","скалу","скалы","скалы,"]·ES["peñas","piedra","roca","rocas"]·SW["miamba","miamba,","mwamba","mwamba,","mwamba."]·TR["kaya","kaya,","kaya-","kaya;","kayada","kayadan","kayalar","kayalara","kayanın","kayasından-","kayasını","kayaya,"]·urd["سیلاب","چٹان","چٹان-میں","چٹانوں-سے","چٹانوں-میں","چٹانیں"]
Matt 7:24, Matt 7:25, Matt 16:18, Matt 27:51, Matt 27:60, Mark 15:46, Luke 6:48, Luke 8:6, Luke 8:13, Rom 9:33, 1 Cor 10:4, 1 Cor 10:4 (+3 more)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
πέτρα, Ionic dialect and Epic dialect πέτρη, ἡ, rock; frequently of cliffs, ledges, etc. by the sea, λισσὴ αἰπεῖά τε εἰς ἅλα πέτρη Refs 8th c.BC+; χῶρος λεῖος πετράων free from rocks, of a beach,Refs 8th c.BC+; χοιρὰς π. Refs 5th c.BC+; also, rocky peak or ridge, αἰγίλιψ π. Refs 8th c.BC+; λιττὰς π. Refs 6th c.BC+; π. Λευκάς, Ὠλενίη, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+; π. σύνδρομοι, Συμπληγάδες, Refs 5th…