μύρον G3464
Ointment, perfumed oil, aromatic unguent — a costly fragrant preparation used for anointing and burial.
Myron names the costly aromatic ointment that appears at some of the most intimate and theologically charged moments in the Gospels. When a woman breaks an alabaster flask over Jesus' head (Matt 26:7; Mark 14:3) or pours it over his feet and wipes them with her hair (Luke 7:38; John 11:2; 12:3), it is myron she uses — expensive, fragrant, and meant for honored guests or the preparation of the dead. The disciples' protest at the waste (Mark 14:4-5; John 12:5) underlines the extravagance: this ointment could have been sold for more than three hundred denarii. Spanish perfume/ungento, French parfum, and German Salbe each capture a different facet — the fragrance, the medicinal base, the anointing function — but none fully conveys the convergence of luxury, devotion, and burial preparation that myron carries in its Gospel contexts. In Rev 18:13 the word appears in Babylon's trade inventory alongside cinnamon and incense, confirming its status as a high-value commodity.
Senses
1. of ointment — Ointment or perfumed oil in the context of anointing — the costly aromatic preparation poured over Jesus' head or used in devotional acts. The woman with the alabaster flask (Matt 26:7, 12; Mark 14:3-5) and the ointment the disciples said could be sold for three hundred denarii (John 12:3, 5) represent this core sense. Spanish perfume/ungento, French parfum, and German Salbe all point to a fragrant, oil-based preparation. The word consistently appears with qualifiers like 'very expensive' (polutelous) and 'pure nard' (nardou pistikes), emphasizing its luxury status. 10×
AR["الطِّيبَ", "طيبٍ", "طُيوبًا", "طِيبٍ", "طِيبُ", "طِيبِ", "مِنْ-طِيبٍ"]·ben["μύρα-তেল", "সুগন্ধি-তেল", "সুগন্ধি-তেলের", "সুগন্ধির"]·DE["Salbe"]·EN["of-ointment", "ointment", "ointments"]·FR["parfum"]·heb["בֹּשֶׂם", "הַשֶּׁמֶן", "מִרְקָחוֹת", "מֹר", "שֶׁמֶן"]·HI["इत्र", "इत्र-का", "इत्र-की"]·ID["minyak-wangi"]·IT["profumo"]·jav["lenga-wangi", "lisah-jebad", "lisah-wangi", "lisah-wangi.", "minyak-wangi"]·KO["향유-를", "향유-의", "향유가", "향유를", "향유의"]·PT["de-perfume", "de-ungüento", "perfúm", "ungüento"]·RU["мира", "миро"]·ES["de-perfume", "de-ungüento", "perfume", "ungüento", "ungüentos"]·SW["mafuta", "mafuta-ya-manukato", "manukato", "marhamu", "ya-mafuta-ya-manukato", "ya-manukato", "ya-marhamu"]·TR["güzel-koku", "güzel-kokunun", "koku,", "kokulu-yağlar", "yağ", "yağı", "yağın", "yağının"]·urd["تیل", "خوشبو", "عطر", "عطر-کی"]
2. with ointment — Ointment applied to the body in acts of personal devotion and hospitality — distinguished from sense 1 by its emphasis on intimate, bodily application rather than the anointing ceremony per se. The sinful woman who wet Jesus' feet with tears and anointed them 'with ointment' (Luke 7:38, 46), and Mary of Bethany who anointed his feet (John 11:2), use myron in a setting of personal tenderness. Jesus' rebuke to Simon — 'You did not anoint my head with oil, but she anointed my feet with myron' — draws a pointed contrast between ordinary oil and this costly preparation. 3×
AR["بِطيبٍ", "بِـ-طِيبٍ", "طيبِ"]·ben["সুগন্ধি-তেলে", "সুগন্ধিতে"]·DE["Salbe"]·EN["ointment", "with-ointment"]·FR["parfum"]·heb["בְּ-שֶׁמֶן", "בְּבֹשֶׂם", "בֹּשֶׂם"]·HI["इत्र", "इत्र-से"]·ID["dengan-minyak-wangi", "itu"]·IT["profumo"]·jav["lisah-wangi,", "minyak-wangi"]·KO["향유로"]·PT["com-perfume", "perfume"]·RU["миром"]·ES["con-perfume", "perfume"]·SW["kwa-marhamu", "mafuta-ya-manukato", "marhamu"]·TR["güzel-kokuyla", "kokuyla", "kokuyla."]·urd["خوشبو-سے", "ملے"]
3. ointment — Ointment as a trade commodity — listed among the luxury goods of Babylon's merchants in the apocalyptic judgment catalog of Rev 18:13, alongside cinnamon, spice, incense, and frankincense. Spanish ungento and German Salbe preserve the substance-focused meaning. Here myron functions not as a devotional instrument but as an index of commercial wealth and imperial excess, its destruction symbolizing the collapse of the world's luxury economy. 1×
AR["طيبٍ"]·ben["সুগন্ধি"]·DE["Salbe"]·EN["ointment"]·FR["parfum"]·heb["מֹר"]·HI["इत्र"]·ID["minyak-wangi"]·IT["muron"]·jav["minyak-wangi"]·KO["몰약과"]·PT["mirra"]·RU["мирру"]·ES["ungüento"]·SW["manemane,"]·TR["miri"]·urd["خوشبو"]
Related Senses
H2719 1. sword, weapon of war (410×)H4196 1. altar (place of sacrifice) (403×)H7393 1. chariot, chariotry (117×)H7198 1. bow (weapon) (72×)H7979 1. table (71×)H7782 1. ram's horn trumpet (69×)H4294 2. staff, rod, scepter (63×)H4043 1. shield, defensive weapon (60×)H0646 1. ephod (priestly garment) (49×)H8504 1. blue (violet-blue yarn/fabric) (49×)H2595 1. spear, lance (48×)H2671 1. arrow, projectile weapon (46×)H4818 1. chariot, war-chariot (44×)H3658 1. lyre, harp (stringed instrument) (42×)H1537 1. Gilgal (place name) (41×)H0713 1. purple (fabric/dye) (38×)H0905 3. poles, staves (37×)H7392 1. Qal participle: rider, charioteer (37×)H4501 1. cultic lampstand (menorah) (36×)H0212 1. wheel (35×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
μύρον [ῠ], τό, sweet oil, unguent, perfume, Refs 7th c.BC+; mixed with wine, Refs 2nd c.AD+; various kinds in Refs 1st c.AD+; μ. Μενδήσιον, ἠθητόν, Refs 3rd c.BC+ sweet oil on lentils, i.e. 'a jewel of gold in a swine's snout', Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 place where unguents were sold, perfume-market, τὰ μειράκια.. τἀν τῷ μ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 metaphorically, anything graceful or charming, Refs