μακρός G3117
Long or far; extended in spatial length, temporal duration, or geographic distance.
An adjective that stretches across both space and time. In the Synoptic Gospels, Jesus condemns those who 'for a pretense make long prayers' (Matt 23:14; Mark 12:40; Luke 20:47) — here makros describes temporal extension, something drawn out and prolonged. But the same word also reaches across geographic space: the prodigal son travels to a 'far country' (Luke 15:13), and the nobleman departs to a 'distant land' (Luke 19:12). Multilingual evidence makes this split vivid: Spanish uses 'largamente' (at length) for the temporal sense but 'lejano/lejos' (far, distant) for the spatial one. Peter's Pentecost declaration that the promise extends to 'all who are far off' (Acts 2:39) uses the spatial sense with theological overtones of Gentile inclusion.
Senses
1. long (in extent or duration) — Long in extent or duration — describing something physically or temporally extended, drawn out, or prolonged. All three occurrences involve the 'long prayers' of the scribes and Pharisees (Matt 23:14; Mark 12:40; Luke 20:47), where Jesus critiques ostentatious religiosity. Spanish 'largamente' and German 'lang' both emphasize the temporal stretching — prayers prolonged as a show of piety rather than genuine devotion. French 'long' similarly captures the sense of excessive duration. 3×
AR["طَويلًا"]·ben["এরা", "দীর্ঘ"]·DE["lang", "μακρὰ"]·EN["long"]·FR["long"]·heb["אֲרֻכָּה", "אֲרֻכֹת"]·HI["लम्बी"]·ID["panjang", "panjang-panjang"]·IT["lungo"]·jav["dangu", "dawa", "panjang"]·KO["길게"]·PT["longas"]·RU["долго"]·ES["largamente"]·SW["maombi-marefu", "mkisali", "ndefu"]·TR["uzun"]·urd["لمبی"]
2. far / distant — Far or distant in space — describing geographic or relational remoteness rather than linear extent. The prodigal son journeys to a 'far country' (Luke 15:13), the nobleman goes to a 'distant land' to receive a kingdom (Luke 19:12), and Peter promises the Holy Spirit to those who are 'far off' (Acts 2:39). Spanish 'lejano' and 'lejos' clearly distinguish this spatial remoteness from the 'long' of duration. In Acts 2:39, the 'far off' carries theological weight — it signals the inclusion of Gentiles and future generations in the covenant promise. 3×
AR["بَعيدَةٍ", "بَعِيدٍ", "بَعِيدَةٍ"]·ben["দূরে"]·DE["μακράν", "μακρὰν"]·EN["afar", "far"]·FR["long"]·heb["רְחוֹקָה", "רָחוֹק"]·HI["-परमेश्वर", "दूर"]·ID["jauh", "kejauhan,"]·IT["lungo"]·jav["ingkang-tebih,", "tebih,"]·KO["먼", "예수"]·PT["distante", "longe"]·RU["дальнем,", "далёкую"]·ES["lejana", "lejano", "lejos"]·SW["mbali", "ya-mbali"]·TR["-o", "uzak"]·urd["دور", "دُور"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)H8033 1. There (locative adverb) (835×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
μακρός, ά, όν [ᾰ by nature], long, whether of Space or Time, __I of Space, __I.1 in length, long, δόρυ Refs 8th c.BC+; νέες, νῆες μ. ships of war, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ τὰ -ότερα measured by the longer sides, i. e. length-wise, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ μ. τείχη the long walls of Athens, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ μακρά (i.e. γραμμή), line traced by δικασταί to indicate the heavier penalty, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ μ.…