θύϊνος G2367
made of citron wood (thyine wood); relating to the aromatic, expensive wood from North African trees
This adjective describes objects made from the wood of the θύον tree, an aromatic North African conifer (likely Tetraclinis articulata, called citron or sandarac wood). Ancient sources prized this wood for its beautiful grain, pleasant scent, and durability, using it for expensive furniture and decorative items. Revelation 18:12 lists "thyine wood" among the luxury commodities no longer purchased in fallen Babylon. The translations vary: English "citron," Spanish "olorosa" (fragrant), German/French "Zitrusholz" (citrus wood), reflecting uncertainty about the exact botanical identity while preserving the sense of rare, aromatic, costly wood.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Revelation's catalog of luxury goods includes θύϊνον ξύλον—wood from the θύον tree, valued in antiquity for its aromatic properties and beautiful grain. Ancient writers describe this North African wood as highly expensive, used for elaborate furniture and decorative paneling. The adjective θύϊνος marks it as a prestige item in Babylon's merchant economy. The multilingual glosses show interpretive variation: English "citron," Spanish "olorosa" (fragrant), German "Zitrusholz" (citrus wood), all attempting to identify this rare commodity. The consensus: expensive, aromatic wood symbolizing luxury and excess. 1×
AR["عَطِرٍ"]·ben["চন্দনের"]·DE["Zitrusholz"]·EN["citron"]·FR["Zitrusholz"]·heb["אֶתְרוֹג"]·HI["सुगंधित-की"]·ID["sitrus"]·IT["thuinon"]·jav["wangi"]·KO["향나무"]·PT["de-cedro"]·RU["благовонное"]·ES["olorosa"]·SW["wa-msonobari,"]·TR["servi-ağacının"]·urd["صندل-کی"]
Related Senses
H3754 1. vineyard, cultivated grape plot (92×)H0730 1. cedar tree or wood (73×)H1612 1. vine, grapevine (55×)H3293a 1. forest, wood, thicket (55×)H5560 1. fine flour (53×)H5193 1. plant vegetation (48×)H2232 1. sow seed, plant crops (41×)H1715 1. grain, cereal crop (40×)H7114b 1. reap, harvest grain (36×)H2132 1. olive tree (34×)H8184 1. barley (34×)H2406 1. wheat (grain crop) (30×)H7070 1. reed, cane (plant) (30×)H7848 1. acacia (28×)H8328 1. root of a plant (28×)H8384 1. fig tree (25×)H5488 1. reeds, rushes (in 'Sea of Reeds') (24×)G0290 1. a vineyard (23×)G2325 1. reap, harvest a crop (21×)G4687 1. sow seed, plant (21×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
θύϊνος [ῠ], η, ον, of the tree θύον (which see), δένδρα, ξύλον, Refs 1st c.BC+; made of this wood, NT+3rd c.BC+