1. be present, be at hand — To be currently existing or in effect, describing what is present now as opposed to what is past or future. Used adjectivally with perfect participle forms (enestosa, enestotos, enestekota, enestota) to modify time or circumstances: 1 Cor 7:26 (the present distress), Gal 1:4 (the present evil age), Heb 9:9 (the present time). Also as substantivized neuter plurals in Rom 8:38 and 1 Cor 3:22 (things present vs. things to come). Cross-linguistically uniform: Arabic al-hadira (the present), German gegenwaertig (current), French present, Hebrew ha-hoveh/ha-nokhkhi (the existing/present), Hindi vartaman (present), Korean hyeonjae-ui (of the present), Spanish presente. The substantivized usage ('things present') is the same semantic field as the adjectival usage, merely nominalized. 5×
AR["الحاضِرَةِ","الحاضِرُ","الحاضِرِ","الحَاضِرِ","حَاضِرٌ"]·ben["বর্তমান","বর্তমান,"]·DE["gegenwaertig"]·EN["present","present-things","things-present"]·FR["présent"]·heb["הַ-נּוֹכְחִי","הַהוֹוֶה","הַנּוֹכְחִי","הוֹוִים"]·HI["वरतमन","वर्तमान","वर्तमान,"]·ID["hal-hal-sekarang,","sedang-berlangsung","sekarang","yang-sekarang"]·IT["enestēkota","enestōtos","presente"]·jav["samenika","sapunika","sapunika,"]·KO["현재-것들도","현재-의","현재-의-것들","현재의"]·PT["coisas-presentes","coisas-presentes,","presente"]·RU["-настоящее","настоящего","настоящее","настоящей","нынешнего"]·ES["cosas-presentes","presente"]·SW["iliyopo-sasa","uliopo","wa-sasa","yaliyopo","yaliyopo-sasa,"]·TR["mevcut","o-","şimdiki","şimdiki-şeyler","şimdikiler"]·urd["حاضر","حاضرہ","موجودہ"]
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. come upon, be imminent — To arrive, come upon, or be at hand, describing events that are approaching or have just arrived. In 2 Tim 3:1 (kairoi chalepoi enstesontai, 'difficult times will come') and 2 Thess 2:2 (he hemera tou Kyriou enesteken, 'the day of the Lord has come/is at hand'). The future and aorist/perfect forms shift from the stative 'be present' to the inchoative 'come into being, arrive.' Arabic sa-tati (will come), Hebrew yavou (will come) and higgia (has arrived), Korean dagaol geosida (will approach) and imhaetda (has arrived), Spanish vendran (will come) and ha-llegado (has arrived). This sense captures the dynamic arrival rather than the static present-ness. 2×
AR["ستَأْتي","قَدْ-حَضَرَ"]·ben["আসবে","উপস্থিত-হয়েছে"]·DE["gegenwaertig"]·EN["has-come","will-come"]·FR["présent"]·heb["הִגִּיעַ","יָבֹאוּ"]·HI["अअ-गय","अअयेनगे"]·ID["akan-datang","sudah-datang"]·IT["enestēken","enstēsontai"]·jav["badhé-rawuh","sampun-rawuh"]·KO["다가올-것이다","임했다"]·PT["já-chegou"]·RU["наступил","наступят"]·ES["ha-llegado","vendrán"]·SW["imefika","zitakuja"]·TR["geldi","gelecek"]·urd["آ-پہنچا-ہے","آئیں-گے"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἐνίστημι, causal in present, future and aorist 1 active, and aorist 1 middle:— put, place in, ἵππον ἐν λίθοις ἐνιστάναι Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς αὐτὴν (i.e. τὴν πόλιν) ἡνίοχον ἐνστῆσαι Refs 5th c.BC+; τοὺς ἱπποκόμους εἰς (i.e. amongst) τοὺς ἱππέας ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 in Law, institute an heir, ἐ. κληρονόμους τοὺς υἱούς Refs 6th c.AD+ __3 aorist 1 middle, also, begin, ὅσαι τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτ᾽ ἐνεστήσαντο…