δέω G1210
To bind, tie, or fasten; figuratively to constrain by obligation or to decree authoritatively
A verb of physical restraint that extends powerfully into figurative territory. In its most common use it describes tying up prisoners (Matt 14:3), fastening animals (Matt 21:2), or bundling sheaves for burning (Matt 13:30). Paul applies it to marriage bonds (1 Cor 7:39) and spiritual constraint (Acts 20:22), while Jesus uses it for authoritative heavenly decrees (Matt 16:19). Spanish consistently renders 'atar,' German 'binden,' tracking the physical core even in metaphorical contexts.
Senses
1. bind, tie physically — The primary physical sense of binding, tying, or fastening with ropes, chains, or fetters. Covers prisoners bound in custody (Matt 14:3, Mark 6:17), animals tied to posts (Matt 21:2), and tares bundled for burning (Matt 13:30). Translations uniformly reach for concrete binding verbs: Spanish 'atado,' French 'lier,' German 'binden.' 34×
AR["أَوْثَقُوهُ", "رَابِطِينَ", "رَبَطَ", "رَبَطَهَا", "قَيَّدَ", "قَيَّدَهُ", "قَيَّدُوا", "لَفُّوا", "مَربوطًا", "مَرْبُوطًا", "مَرْبُوطِينَ", "مُقَيَّدٌ", "مُقَيَّدِينَ"]·ben["বাঁধলেন", "বাঁধা", "বেঁধে", "বেঁধে-রাখল", "বেঁধেছিল", "বেঁধেছিলেন"]·DE["binden", "bindet"]·EN["binding", "bound", "having-been-bound", "having-been-tied", "having-bound", "tied"]·FR["il-faut", "lier"]·heb["אֲסוּרִים", "אָסְר-וּ", "אָסַר", "אָסוּר", "אוֹסְרִים", "כְּבוּלִים", "כָּבְלוּ", "כָּבַל", "כָּבוּל", "כָּרְכוּ", "קָשַׁר", "קָשׁוּר"]·HI["बँधा-हुआ", "बँधे-हुओं", "बंधा-हुआ", "बनध", "बनध-हुअ", "बाँधकर", "बाँधा", "बांध-रखा-था", "बांधकर", "रखवाया-था"]·ID["diikat", "membelenggu", "membungkus", "mengikat", "terikat", "tertambat"]·IT["bisognare", "legare"]·jav["dipun-taleni", "dipuntali", "ingkang-kaiket,", "kabanda", "kabesta", "kabesta,", "kabuntel", "kaiket", "katalèni", "mbanda", "mblebet", "naleni", "ngiket", "sasampunipun-mbanda", "sasampunipun-nali"]·KO["감았다", "매인-것이", "묶고", "묶어", "묶어서", "묶었다", "묶여진", "묶인", "묶인-자로", "묶인-채"]·PT["amarrado", "amarrados", "amarrando", "amarraram", "envolveram", "ligado", "prendeu", "preso", "tendo-amarrado"]·RU["обвязали", "привязанного", "связав", "связал", "связали", "связанный", "связанным", "связанными", "связанных"]·ES["atadas", "atado", "atados", "ataron", "atándose", "ató", "habiendo-atado", "lo-ató"]·SW["akifunga", "alimfunga", "aliyefungwa", "amefungwa", "kimefungwa", "nimefungwa", "wakamfunga", "wakaufunga", "wakimfunga", "wamefungwa", "yamefungwa"]·TR["bağladı", "bağladılar", "bağlamıştı", "bağlanmış", "bağlattı", "bağlayarak", "bağlı", "sardılar"]·urd["باندھ-کر", "باندھا", "بندھا-ہوا", "بندھے-ہوئے"]
Matt 13:30, Matt 14:3, Matt 16:19, Matt 18:18, Matt 21:2, Matt 22:13, Matt 27:2, Mark 5:3, Mark 5:4, Mark 6:17, Mark 11:2, Mark 11:4 (+22 more)
2. be bound (obligation/constraint) — A figurative extension expressing ongoing obligation or constraint, particularly in Paul's letters. A wife 'is bound' to her husband as long as he lives (1 Cor 7:39; Rom 7:2), and Paul himself 'is bound by the Spirit' (Acts 20:22). The perfect participle signals an enduring state rather than a single event. 5×
AR["أَنا-مُقَيَّدٌ", "تُقَيَّدُ", "مَرْبوطٌ", "مَرْبوطَةٌ", "مُرْتَبِطَةٌ"]·ben["আমি-বন্দী-আছি", "বাঁধা!", "বাঁধা-আছ", "বাঁধা-আছে", "বাঁধা-হয়েছে"]·DE["binden"]·EN["I-have-been-bound", "has-been-bound", "is-bound", "you-have-been-bound"]·FR["il-faut", "lier"]·heb["אָסוּר-אֲנִי", "כָּבוּל", "קְשׁוּרָה", "קָשׁוּר"]·HI["बंधा-है", "बंधी-है", "बनध!", "मैन-बनध-होओन"]·ID["Kamu-terikat", "aku dibelenggu", "dibelenggu", "terikat"]·IT["dedemai", "dedetai", "legare"]·jav["kablenggu!", "kabotan", "kaiket", "kula-kabanda", "panjenengan-kaiket"]·KO["내가-묶여-있다", "매여-있다", "묶여있느냐", "묶여있다", "묶여졌다!"]·PT["Estás-ligado", "estou-preso", "está-ligada", "está-presa"]·RU["Связан-ты", "если", "связан", "связана", "связано"]·ES["estoy-atado", "está-ligada", "ha-sido-atada", "¿Has-sido-atado"]·SW["-", "Je,-umefungwa-na-mke?", "amefungwa", "nimefungwa"]·TR["bağlı", "bağlı mısın", "bağlıdır", "zincirlenmisin"]·urd["بندھا-ہوا-ہوں", "بندھا-ہوا-ہے", "بندھا-ہے", "بندھی-ہوئی-ہے", "بندھی-ہے"]
3. bind (authoritative decree) — An authoritative, almost juridical sense found in Jesus' pronouncements: 'whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven' (Matt 16:19; 18:18). The subjunctive mood signals legislative force. This sense also appears in the parabolic image of binding the strong man before plundering his house (Matt 12:29; Mark 3:27), where binding represents overcoming authority. 4×
AR["تَرْبِطُوا", "تَرْبِطْ", "يَربِطَ", "يَقيدُ"]·ben["বাঁধ", "বাঁধে", "বাঁধে।"]·DE["binden", "bindet"]·EN["he-binds", "you-bind"]·FR["lier"]·heb["יִקְשֹׁר", "יִקְשׁוֹר", "תַּאַסְרוּ", "תַּאַסֹר"]·HI["बअनधे", "बअनधोगे"]·ID["engkau-ikat", "ia-ikat.", "kamu-ikat", "mengikat"]·IT["bisognare"]·jav["mbanda", "naleni", "naleni.", "panjenengan-naleni"]·KO["매면", "묶으면", "묶지"]·PT["amarrar.", "ligares"]·RU["свяжет", "свяжете", "свяжешь"]·ES["ata", "atare", "atareis", "atares"]·SW["amfunge", "amfunge.", "funga"]·TR["bağlamazsa", "bağlarsan", "bağlarsanız", "bağlasa."]·urd["باندھو", "باندھے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
δέω, __B Refs 4th c.BC+: future δεήσω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐδέησα Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect δεδέηκα Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, future δεήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+, Doric dialect δεοῦμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; later -ηθήσομαι LXX+1st c.AD+: aorist ἐδεήθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect δεδέημαι Refs 5th c.BC+:—lack, miss, stand in need of, with genitive, ἐμεῖο δὲ δῆσε.. ἀλκτῆρα γενέσθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; παραδείγματος τὸ…