γυμνός G1131
Naked, unclothed, bare; ranging from complete nudity to being poorly or insufficiently dressed.
Gymnos covers a spectrum from total nudity to simply being underdressed or exposed. In Jesus' parable of the sheep and goats, the 'naked' whom the righteous clothe are those lacking adequate covering (Matt 25:36–44), while in Mark 14:51–52 a young man literally flees naked from Gethsemane. Paul uses the word metaphorically for the soul's unclothed state apart from its heavenly dwelling (2 Cor 5:3). The range from physical to metaphorical undress mirrors the classical Greek usage, where gymnos could mean anything from 'stripped of armor' to 'lightly clad.' Translations across languages consistently render the physical sense — Spanish 'desnudo,' French 'nu,' German 'nackt' — yet the figurative dimensions remain vital for interpreting passages like Hebrews 4:13 and Revelation 3:17.
Senses
1. Naked / bare (unclothed state) — Without clothing or adequate covering, spanning literal nudity to being insufficiently dressed. In the Gospels, it describes those in need of garments (Matt 25:36, 38, 43) and the young man who fled unclothed at Jesus' arrest (Mark 14:51–52). Metaphorically extended to spiritual exposure and vulnerability (Rev 3:17, 'you are wretched and naked'; Heb 4:13, 'naked and exposed' before God). All major translations — Spanish 'desnudo,' French 'nu,' German 'nackt' — consistently reflect the physical core. 15×
AR["العُرْيانُ", "عُراةً", "عُريانًا", "عُريانَةً", "عُرَاةً", "عُرَاةٌ", "عُرْيانًا", "عُرْيَانًا", "عُرْيِهِ"]·ben["উন্মুক্ত", "উলঙ্গ-হয়ে", "উলঙ্গের", "নগ্ন", "নগ্ন,", "নগ্ন।"]·DE["nackt", "γυμνοὺς", "γυμνὸν", "γυμνὸς"]·EN["a-bare", "naked", "the-naked-body"]·FR["nu"]·heb["עֲרֻמָּה", "עֲרוּמִּים", "עֵירֹם", "עֵירֻמִּים", "עֵרֻמִּים", "עָרֹם", "עָרוֹם"]·HI["नंगा", "नंगा।", "नंगे", "नग्न", "नग्नी"]·ID["telanjang", "telanjang.", "tubuh-telanjang"]·IT["nudo"]·jav["wuda"]·KO["벌거벗고", "벗겨져-있고", "벗기게", "벗은-것-을", "벗은-몸에", "벗은-상태였다", "벗은-이로", "벗은-자", "벗은-자들로", "벗은-자였다", "벗은-채로", "알몽이인"]·PT["nu", "nua", "nuas", "nus", "o-corpo-nu"]·RU["голое", "нагим", "нагими", "нагой", "нагой.", "обнажено", "раздет"]·ES["desnuda", "desnudas", "desnudez", "desnudo", "desnudos"]·SW["bila-nguo", "mwili-uchi", "siende-uchi", "tupu", "uchi", "uchi.", "uchi;", "wazi"]·TR["tane", "çıplak"]·urd["ننگا", "ننگے"]
Matt 25:36, Matt 25:38, Matt 25:43, Matt 25:44, Mark 14:51, Mark 14:52, John 21:7, Acts 19:16, 1 Cor 15:37, 2 Cor 5:3, Heb 4:13, Jas 2:15 (+3 more)
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
γυμνός, ή, όν, naked, unclad, γ. περ ἐών Refs 8th c.BC+: comparative, Ἴρου γυμνότερος Refs 5th c.AD+; γυμνὸν στάδιον, opposed to ὁπλιτοδρόμος, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 unarmed, οὐδ᾽ ὑπέμεινε Πάτροκλον, γυμνόν περ ἐόντ᾽ ἐν δηϊοτῆτι Refs 8th c.BC+parts not covered by armour, exposed parts, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially right side (the left being covered by the shields), Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 of things bare, γ.…