βρέχω G1026
To rain, send rain from the sky; to wet or moisten with liquid (especially tears).
Brecho is a vivid, sensory Greek verb whose basic meaning is to wet or drench. In the New Testament it splits cleanly into two senses that translation languages consistently distinguish. The dominant meteorological sense — 'to rain' or 'to cause rain' — appears five times, from Jesus' teaching that the Father 'sends rain on the just and the unjust' (Matt 5:45) to the apocalyptic image of God raining fire and sulfur on Sodom (Luke 17:29) and Elijah's prayer that it might not rain (Jas 5:17). Spanish llover, French pleuvoir, and German regnen all deploy dedicated rain vocabulary. But in Luke 7:38 and 7:44, the verb takes on an intimate, physical meaning: the sinful woman 'began to wet' Jesus' feet with her tears. Here Spanish shifts to mojar, and the sense moves from sky to skin, from cosmic to personal. The same root that describes divine judgment through heavenly downpour also captures a woman's tears falling on a rabbi's dusty feet.
Senses
1. rain, send rain — To rain or send rain — the meteorological sense describing precipitation falling from the sky, whether ordinary rain or divine judgment. Five occurrences span the full theological range: God 'sends rain' (brechei) on righteous and unrighteous alike (Matt 5:45), God 'rained' (ebrexen) fire and sulfur on Sodom (Luke 17:29), Elijah prayed and the sky 'did not rain' (ouk ebrexen) for three and a half years (Jas 5:17), and the two witnesses have power to shut the sky so it 'may not rain' (Rev 11:6). Spanish llover/llovió, French pleuvoir, German regnen, and Arabic أمطر all converge on dedicated rain vocabulary, confirming this as the primary and unambiguous sense. 5×
AR["أَمطَرَ", "تُمطِر", "تُمطِرَ", "يُمطِرَ", "يُمْطِرُ"]·ben["পড়ে", "বর্ষণ-করল", "বৃষ্টি-দেন", "বৃষ্টি-হওয়ার", "বৃষ্টি-হল"]·DE["regnen", "βρέχει", "ἔβρεξεν"]·EN["it-rained", "may-fall", "rained", "rains", "to-rain"]·FR["pleuvoir"]·heb["הִמְטִיר", "יַמְטִיר", "לְהַמְטִיר", "מַמְטִיר"]·HI["बरसाता-है", "बरसाया", "बरसे", "वर्षा-हो", "हुई-वर्षा"]·ID["hujan", "hujan,", "menurunkan-hujan", "turun", "turun-hujan"]·IT["brechei", "brechē", "brexai", "ebrexen"]·jav["jawah", "paring-jawah", "udan", "udan,"]·KO["내리게", "비-내리신다", "비-오기를,", "비-왔다", "비가-내렸다"]·PT["chova", "chove", "choveu"]·RU["дождь-посылает", "полил-дождём", "послал-дождь", "послать-дождь,", "шёл"]·ES["llover", "llovió", "llueva", "llueve"]·SW["ananyesha", "haikuinyesha", "ilinyesha", "isinyeshe", "nye"]·TR["yağdırdı", "yağdırır", "yağmadı", "yağmaması", "yağsın"]·urd["برسا", "برساتا-ہے", "برسنے٬", "برسی", "برسے"]
2. wet, moisten — To wet or moisten with liquid other than rain — a physical, bodily sense used exclusively in Luke's account of the sinful woman at the Pharisee's dinner. In Luke 7:38 she 'began to wet' (brechein) Jesus' feet with her tears, and in 7:44 Jesus contrasts her devotion with the host's neglect: 'she wet (ebrexen) my feet with tears.' Spanish mojar, which replaces llover in these verses, signals the semantic shift from weather to the intimate act of bathing with tears. The connection between the two senses is the physical action of liquid falling on a surface, but the emotional register could not be more different — one is cosmic, the other profoundly personal. 2×
AR["بَلَّت", "تَبُلُّ"]·ben["ভিজিয়েছে", "ভেজাতে"]·DE["βρέχειν", "ἔβρεξέν"]·EN["to-wet", "wet"]·FR["pleuvoir"]·heb["הִרְטִיבָה", "לְהַרְטִיב"]·HI["भिगोए", "भिगोने"]·ID["membasahi"]·IT["brechein", "ebrexen"]·jav["nelesi"]·KO["적셤다", "적시기를"]·PT["a-molhar", "molhou"]·RU["обливать", "облила"]·ES["a-mojar", "mojó"]·SW["alilowanisha", "kulowanisha"]·TR["ıslatmaya", "ıslattı"]·urd["اُس-کے", "اپنے"]
Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)H2822 1. darkness, absence of light (80×)G5457 1. light (illumination) (71×)G0450 1. rise, stand up (physical) (69×)H6965b 2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid (50×)H6999a 2. burn sacrifice on altar (Hifil) (45×)H5553 1. rock, cliff (physical feature) (43×)H6965b 4. Hifil: to establish, confirm (covenant/kingdom/word) (40×)H1197a 1. burn, be on fire (39×)H4306 1. rain, showers (38×)H1653 1. rain, precipitation (34×)G4655 1. darkness (30×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
βρέχω, future -ξωLXX+2nd c.AD+: aorist ἔβρεξα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future βρᾰχήσομαι LXX: aorist ἐβρέχθην Refs 5th c.BC+aorist 2 ἐβράχην [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect βέβρεγμαι Refs 5th c.BC+ 47:—wet, of persons walking through water, τὸ γόνυ Refs 5th c.BC+; steep in water, Refs 5th c.BC+; β. χρυσέαις νιφάδεσσι πόλιν shower wealth upon it, LXX+5th c.BC+:—passive, get wet, βρεχόμενοι πρὸς τὸν…