G0770 G0770
To be weak or sick; used of physical illness, bodily feebleness, and spiritual or moral limitation.
A verb spanning the full range of human frailty, from literal disease to inner weakness. In the Gospels it typically describes the physically sick whom Jesus heals (Matt 10:8; John 11:1-3), while Paul employs it for spiritual and moral vulnerability — becoming weak for the sake of the weak (1 Cor 9:22), or confessing that the flesh is weak even when the spirit is willing (Rom 8:3). The Spanish split between 'enfermando' (sick) and 'débil' (weak) mirrors the two core senses clearly. Greek usage from the fifth century BC already encompassed both bodily sickness and poverty or powerlessness.
1. be sick, be ill — Physical illness or disease — being sick, ailing, or infirm in body. The Gospels consistently use this sense for those brought to Jesus for healing: the sick at Capernaum (Luke 4:40), those who touched his garment (Mark 6:56), and Lazarus (John 11:1-6). Spanish 'enfermando,' French 'être-malade,' and German 'krank-sein' all confirm the medical register. The aorist ēsthenēsen ('he fell sick') appears in classical Greek from the fourth century BC onward. 19×
AR["المَرْضى","الْمَرْضَى","كَانَ-مَرِيضًا","مَرضى","مَريضاً","مَريضٌ","مَرِضَ","مَرِضَتْ","مَرِضْتُ","مَرِيضًا","مَرِيضٌ","مَرِيضُ","مَرْضَى"]·ben["অসুস্থ","অসুস্থ-ছিল","অসুস্থ-ছিলাম","অসুস্থ-হয়ে","অসুস্থ-হয়েছিলেন","অসুস্থ।","অসুস্থদের","দুর্বলদের"]·DE["ist-schwach","schwach-sein"]·EN["I-was-sick","Is-sick","being-sick","having-become-sick","he-is-sick","he-was-sick","is-sick","ones-being-sick","sick","was-sick"]·FR["être-faible","être-malade"]·heb["הַחוֹלִים","חָלְתָה","חָלִיתִי","חָלָה","חָלָה.","חוֹלִים","חוֹלֶה"]·HI["ताकि","दुर्बलों-को","बिमअर.","बीमार","बीमार,","बीमार-था","बीमार-था।","बीमार-है","बीमार-है।","बीमार-होकर","बीमारों","बीमारों,","बीमारों।","वह-बेएमर-थ","वह-बेएमर-थ."]·ID["Aku-sakit","dengan-berbagai","dia sakit","ia-sakit","orang-sakit","orang-sakit,","sakit","yang-sakit"]·IT["asthenei","asthenounta","essere-debole","malato","ēsthenēsen"]·jav["gerah","gerah,","gerah.","ingkang-gerah,","kang-gerah","lara,","piyambakipun-gerah","piyambakipun-gerah,","sakit","sakit.","tiyang-sakit","tiyang-sakit,","tiyang-sakit."]·KO["병든","병든-것-을","병든-자들","병든-자들-위에","병든-자들을","병들어-있나이다","병들어-있다고","병들어-있었다","병들었노라","병들었노라.","병들었느냐","병들었다","아프고-있었다","아픈-자가","아픈-자들","아픈-자들-을","약한-자들을,"]·PT["adoeceu","adoeci","doente","enfermos","estava-doente","tendo-adoecido"]·RU["Я-болел","болеет","болел","болеющего","болеющий","болеющий,","болеющих","болеющих,","больного","больными","больных","заболевшую","заболел","немощных"]·ES["-que-enfermaban","a-débiles","enfermando","enfermo","enfermos","enfermé","enfermó","estaba-enfermo","está-enfermo","que-enferma","que-enfermaban"]·SW["akiugua","akiwa-mgonjwa","alikuwa-mgonjwa","aliugua","anaugua","mgonjwa","ni-mgonjwa","niliugua","wagonjwa"]·TR["hasta","hasta-olanların","hastadır","hastalanarak","hastalandım","hastalanmisti","hastalanıyordu","hastalar","hastaları","hastaların","hastaydı"]·urd["بیمار","بیمار-تھا","بیمار-ہو-کر","بیمار-ہوا","بیمار-ہے","بیماروں","بیماروں-کو","بیٹا","لنگڑوں"]
Matt 10:8, Matt 25:36, Matt 25:39, Mark 6:56, Luke 4:40, John 4:46, John 5:3, John 5:7, John 6:2, John 11:1, John 11:2, John 11:3 (+7 more)
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. be weak, lack strength — General weakness, feebleness, or personal limitation — physical, moral, or spiritual. Paul dominates this usage: Abraham did not weaken in faith (Rom 4:19), the law was weak through the flesh (Rom 8:3), and we ought to support the weak (Acts 20:35; Rom 14:1-2). Spanish 'débil' and German 'schwach-sein' capture this broader frailty. First Corinthians 9:22 crystallizes the sense: 'To the weak I became weak, that I might win the weak.' 15×
AR["-الضَّعِيفَ","-الضَّعِيفُ","أَضْعُفُ","الضَّعيفَ","الضَّعيفُ","الضُّعَفَاءَ","ضَعيفاً","ضَعُفَ","ضَعُفْنا","نَضْعُفُ","يَضْعُفُ"]·ben["দুর্বল","দুর্বল,","দুর্বল-ছিল","দুর্বল-ছিলাম।","দুর্বল-হয়।","দুর্বল-হয়ে","দুর্বলদের"]·DE["ist-schwach","schwach-sein"]·EN["I-am-weak","are-weak","being-weak","have-been-weak","having-weakened","is-weak","it-was-weak","weak"]·FR["être-faible"]·heb["הֶחֱלֵשְׁנוּ","הַחַלָּשִׁים","הַחַלָּשׁ","הָיְתָה-חַלָּשָׁה","חַלָּשִׁים","חַלָּשׁ","חוֹלֶה","חוֹלֶה-אֲנִי","נֶחְלָשׁ","נֶחֱלַשׁ"]·HI["कमज़ोर-होता-हुआ","कमज़ोरों-की","कमजोर-थी","दुर्बल","दुर्बल-हो","निर्बल","निर्बल-थे","निर्बल-है","निर्बल-हैं","निर्बल-हों","निर्बल-होता-है","मैं-निर्बल-होता-हूं"]·ID["aku-lemah","lemah","lemah,","menjadi-lemah","menjadi-lemah>.","yang-lemah"]·IT["essere-debole"]·jav["ingkang-ringkih,","kula-ringkih","lemes,","ringkih","ringkih,","ringkih-iman","ringkih.","rumaos-ringkih"]·KO["약하고","약하다","약하면","약하지-않는다","약한","약한-자가","약한-자는","약한-자들을","약한-자를","약한가","약해졌으므로","약해지면서","약해진다>","약했었다"]·PT["enfraquece","enfraquece>.","enfraquecia","enfraqueço","fomos-fracos","fraca,","fraco","fraco,","fracos,","somos-fracos","sou-fraco","tendo-enfraquecido","é-fraco"]·RU["-вере","-плоти","ест","немощем","немощен","немощен-я","обессилели","ослабев","слабую,","слабый,","слабых,"]·ES["débil","débiles","era-débil","es-débil","estoy-débil","está-débil","habiéndose-debilitado","hemos-sido-débiles","que-es-débil","siendo-débil","somos-débiles","soy-débil"]·SW["aliye-dhaifu","aliye-dhaifu,","anadhoofika>.","dhaifu,","ilikuwa-dhaifu","kudhoofika","ni-dhaifu,","sidhoofu?","tu-dhaifu","tulikuwa-dhaifu!","tunapokuwa-dhaifu,","walio-dhaifu"]·TR["güçsüzdü","o-","zayıf","zayıf-olan","zayıf-olanlara","zayıf-olanı","zayıflar","zayıflayarak","zayıflıyor","zayıflıyorum","zayıfmışız","zayıfsak","zayıfım","zayıfız"]·urd["کمزور","کمزور-تھی","کمزور-رہے","کمزور-ہو-جائے","کمزور-ہو-کر","کمزور-ہوتے-ہوئے","کمزور-ہونے-والے-کو","کمزور-ہوں","کمزور-ہیں","کمزور-ہے","کمزوروں-کی"]
Acts 20:35, Rom 4:19, Rom 8:3, Rom 14:1, Rom 14:2, Rom 14:21, 1 Cor 8:11, 1 Cor 8:12, 2 Cor 11:21, 2 Cor 11:29, 2 Cor 11:29, 2 Cor 12:10 (+3 more)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
Included with: ἀσθέν-εια, ἡ, want of strength, weakness, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially feebleness, sickliness, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 disease, sickness, Refs 2nd c.BC+; δι᾽ ἀσθένειανNT __3 ἀ. βίου poverty, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 in moral sense, feebleness, weakness, τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεωςRefs 5th c.BC+ to be weak, feeble, sickly, ἀ. μέλη to be weak in limb, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. ἀσθένειαν NT+5th c.BC+; ἠσθένησε…