Power and Miracles

חַ֫יִל244 n.m. 2 K 10:2 strength, efficiency, wealth, army;—abs. ח׳ Gn 47:6 +, חָ֑יִל ψ 60:14 +, חָ֑יִל ψ 60:14 +, חֵיל Is 36:2 2 K 18:17; cstr. חֵיל Ex 14:28 + (on ψ 10:10 v. חלכה); sf. חֵילִי Jb 31:25 + 2 times; חֵילְךָ Je 15:13 +; חֵילוֹ Ex 14:4 +, etc.; pl. חֲיָלִים 1 Ch 7:5 + 19 times; sf. חֵילֵיהֶם Is 30:6;— 1. strength, usually physical: a. seld. alone (chiefly poet.) 1 S 2:4 ψ 18:33, 40 = 2 S 22:33, 40; also גָּֽבְרוּ ח׳ Jb 21:7, cf. Ec 10:10; מֵחַיִל אֶל־חָ֑יִל ψ 84:8; בְּכֹחַ ח׳ 2 Ch 26:13; of virility Pr 31:3; of י׳’s power ψ 59:12; 110:3, cf. Hb 3:19; strength of horse ψ 33:17; fig. of product of vine and fig-tree Jo 2:22 (‖ פְּרִי). b. of result or display of strength עשׂה ח׳ achieve might = do valiantly Nu 24:18 (JE), 1 S 14:48 ψ 60:14 = 108:14, 118:15, 16. c. often in phrases גִּבּוֹר(הַ)ח׳, גִּבּוֹרֵי(הַ)ח׳ hero(es) of strength, mighty man (men) of valour Jos 1:14 (D), 6:2; 8:3; 10:7 (all JE), Ju 6:12; 11:1; 1 S 9:1 16:18 1 K 11:28 2 K 5:1; 15:20; 24:14, 16 1 Ch 5:24; 7:2, 9; 8:40 + (very freq. in Ch), note especially הַגִּבּוֹרִים וכל גבורי ח׳ 28:1; also ג׳ ח׳ 2 Ch 13:3 (‖ ג׳ מלחמה); ג׳ (הַ)חֲיָלִים 1 Ch 7:5, 7, 11, 40; 11:26 (v. also גִּבּוֹר, p. 150); בֶּן־(הַ)ח׳, בְּנֵי(הַ)ח׳ Dt 3:18 Ju 18:2 + (v. בֵּן 8, p. 121); אִישׁ ח׳, אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Ju 3:29; 20:44, 46 1 S 31:12; 2 S 11:16; 23:20; (Qr; Kt חי, on phr. בן־אישׁ חיל cf. Dr) = 1 Ch 11:22 (Kt חיל), 2 S 24:9 Na 2:4 Je 48:14 1 Ch 10:12 Ne 11:6 ψ 76:6; ironical א׳ ח׳ לִמְסֹךְ שֵׁבָר Is 5:22 (‖ גבורים לשׁתות יין); Ec 12:3 metaph. of legs. 2. ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Gn 47:6 (J), Ex 18:21, 25 (both E); of a woman אֵשֶׁת ח׳ Pr 12:4; 31:10 Ru 3:11; cf. 1 K 1:42, 52 (opp. רעה), and especially אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ יִרְאֵי אלהים אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת שׂנְאֵי בָּ֑צַע Ex 18:21 (E); עָשָׂה היל Pr 31:29 do worthily, efficiently, perhaps also Ru 4:11; late (with weakened meaning of גִּבּוֹר) גִּבּוֹרֵי חֵיל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדַת בֵּית הָאלהים 1 Ch 9:13, cf. אישׁ ח׳ בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲכֹדָה 26:8. So also 1 S 10:26 (read בְּנֵי ח׳, v. 𝔊 We Dr, men of worth, opp. בני בליעל v 27).for MT ח׳ force, band. 3. wealth Gn 34:29 Nu 31:9 (both P), Dt 8:17, 18; 33:11 Is 8:4; 10:14; 30:6 (‖ אוֹצְרֹתָם), 60:5 (‖ הֲמוֹן יָם), v 11; 61:6 Mi 4:13 Je 15:13; 17:3 (both ‖ אצרות), Zp 1:13 Ez 26:12; 28:4, 5(×2) Zc 14:14 Jb 5:5; 15:29; 20:15, 18; 31:25 ψ 49:7, 11; 62:11; 73:12 Pr 13:22. 4. force, army, very often Ex 14:4, 9, 17, 28 (all P), 15:4 (song), 1 S 17:20; 2 S 8:9 2 K 6:4, 15; 25:1, 5(×2), 10 2 Ch 13:3 (בְּחַיִל גִּבּוֹרֵי מלחמה), 14:7; 16:7; 23:14 +; so usually Jer.: Je 32:2; 34:1 +; freq. Ezek.: Ez 17:17; 27:10 +; Dn 11:7, 13, 25(×2), 26; = a band 1 S 10:26 (MT, but v. 2, ad fin.); of queen’s train ח׳ כָּבֵד 1 K 10:2 = 2 Ch 9:1; חֵיל כָּבֵד Is 36:2 = 2 K 18:17 (var. חַיִל) a powerful army (on form cf. Sta§ 194 c); also (late) חֵיל הַצָּבָא 1 Ch 20:1 2 Ch 26:13, חֵיל עָם Est 8:11; הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים Dn 11:10; שַׂר־הח׳ 2 S 24:2 captain of the host, שָׂרֵי הח׳ v 4, 4; שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים captains of armies (bands, divisions) 1 K 15:20 = 2 Ch 16:4, 2 K 25:23 Je 40:7, 13; 41:11, 13, 16; 42:1, 8; 43:4, 5; פִּקּוּדֵי החיל Nu 31:14 (P).—חֵילוֹ Ez 32:31 om. B Hi Co; for חֵילֵךְ Ez 27:11 read prob. a n.pr.loc., cf. Da; Co proposes חתלון (cf. 47:15; 48:1), HalMél. Epigr. 1874, 69 חלך = Cilicia, v. LagM i, 211.

מַחֲנֶה214 n.m. Gn 33:8 + 16 times and f. ψ 27:3; 1 Ch 11:15 (on Gn 32:9a v. Di) encampment, camp—abs. מ׳ Gn 32:9(×2) + 126 times (incl. Ez 1:24, del. Co); cstr. מַחֲנֵה Gn 32:3 + 56 times; sf. מַחֲנֵהוּ Nu 1:52 + 5 times; מַחֲנֶיךָ Dt 23:15; 29:10, מַחֲנֶךָ Dt 23:15, מַחֲנֵיכֶם Am 4:10, מַחֲנֵיהֶם Nu 5:3 Ju 8:10 (cf. infr., and on form of noun c. sf. vid. Ges§ 93, 3, R 3); pl. abs. מַחֲנוֹת Gn 32:8 + 9 times; cstr. 1 Ch 9:18 + 2 times, מַחֲנִים Nu 13:19; sf. (appar. pl. n.) מַחֲנֵיהֶם Jos 10:4 + 5 times;—on du. v. מ׳ n.pr. infr. 1. camp, place of encampment: a. of caravan of travellers Gn 32:22 (J), especially of Isr. at Exod. and in wildern. Ex 16:13(×2) 19:16, 17 (all P; disting. from עַם); שַׁעַר מ׳ Ex 32:26 (JE); especially מִחוּץ המ׳ in connexion with uncleanness, etc., Ex 29:14; Lv 4:12 (P) + often, of position of tent of meeting Ex 33:7(×2) (JE), contr. Nu 2:17 (P), where of encampments of several tribes, cf. 1:52; 2:3; 10:2, 5, 6, 25 etc., (all P), already passing over to 3 (cf. הַחֹנִים 10:5, 6); b. specif. of camp of Levites, surrounding tabernacle, so that P can say אֹהֶל־מוֹעֵד מַחֲנֵה הַלְוִיִם Nu 2:17; and so (late) of temple הַשֹּׁעֲרִים לְמַחֲנוֹת בְּנֵי לֵוִי 1 Ch 9:18, as well as שַׁעֲרֵי מַחֲנוֹת י׳ 2 Ch 31:2; pl. (opp. מִבְצָרִים = fortresses) Nu 13:19. 2. camp of armed host Jos 6:11(×2), 14 (JE), 1 S 4:3, 5, 6(×2), 7; 17:53; 2 K 7:16 etc. 3. a. those who encamp Nu 10:5, 6; 1 Ch 11:5 ψ 27:3 (all c. vb. חנה), cf. (prob.) Is 37:36 = 2 K 19:35, etc. b. company, body of people; people and beasts Gn 32:8, 9(×2), 11; 33:8, funeral company of Jacob Gn 50:9; of Isr. on march Ex 14:19, 20 cf. Nu 10:5, 6. c. army, host Jos 8:13; 10:5; 11:4 Ju 4:15, 16(×2) 7:1, 8; 8:10(×2), 11(×2) 12 1 S 17:1, 46 2 K 3:9 even while in the thick of the fight; 1 K 22:34 = 2 Ch 18:33 etc.

צָבָא485 n.m. 2 Ch 28:9 (poss. f. Is 40:2; Dn 8:12, but v. Albr ZAW xv (1895), 319; Bev Dn) army, war, warfare;—abs. צ׳ Nu 1:3 + (מִצָּבָה Zc 9:8 v. p. 663 a); cstr. צְבָא Nu 10:15 +; sf. צְבָאִי Jb 14:14; צְבָאֲךָ Ju 8:9; 9:29; צְבָאָיו ψ 103:21; 148:2 (Kt צבאו; so read prob. in both), etc.; pl. צְבָאוֹת Nu 20:9 + 278 times; cstr. צִבְאוֹת Ex 12:41 + 2 times; sf. צִבְאֹתַי 7:4; צִבְאֹתָם 6:26 +, etc.;— 1. army, host: a. organized for war Ju 8:6; 9:29 (J) Is 34:2; Je 51:3; 2 Ch 28:9; צְבָאוֹ his host Nu 2:4, 6 + 10 times 2 (P), לְצִבְאֹתָם 1:3, 52; 2:3, 9 + 11 times 2, 10, 33:1 (P); אַלְפֵי הצ׳ 31:48 (P); צ׳ ישׂראל 2 Ch 25:7; חֵיל (ה)צ׳ 1 Ch 20:1; 2 Ch 26:13; גְּדוּדֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 7:4; כל־הצבא 2 S 3:23; 10:7; 1 Ch 19:8; 2 Ch 26:14; שַׂר (ה)צ׳ captain of (the) host Gn 21:22, 32 (E) 26:26 (J) Ju 4:2, 7; 1 S 12:9 + 21 times; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבא 1 K 1:25 (but read שַׂר), 1 Ch 25:1; 26:26; 2 Ch 33:11; שָׂרִים בצ׳ 1 Ch 12:22; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבאות Dt 20:9; 1 K 2:5; 1 Ch 27:3; רָאשֵׁי הצ׳ 1 Ch 12:14; מַלְכֵי צבאות ψ 68:13; עַל (ה)צ׳ over the host (as captain) Nu 10:14, 15 + 10 times Nu 10 (P), 2 S 8:16 = 1 Ch 18:15; 2 S 17:25; 1 K 2:35; 4:4; אל־כל הצ׳ 2 S 20:23 (אל for על); עַל־צִבְאֹתָם Ex 6:26; 12:51 (P); הוציא צבאות lead out armies Ex 7:4; 12:17 (P); יצא צ׳ army goes forth (to war) Ex 12:41; 1 Ch 7:11; לֹא תֵצֵא בְּצִבְאוֹתֵינוּ ψ 44:10, of י׳ going with our armies = 60:12 = 108:12; fig. of great number, צבא רב 68:12.—On חֲלִיפוֹת וְצָבָא Jb 10:17 v. Di; Bu proposes תַּחֲלֵף צְבָאֲ(ךָ) i.e. thou dost renew (thine) army against me. b. host (organized body) of angels (cf. Lu 2:13), צבא השׁמים (כל) all the host of heaven 1 K 22:19 = 2 Ch 18:18; Ne 9:6; כל צבאיו ψ 103:21; 148:2; צבא הַמָּרוֹם Is 24:21 host of the high (angel-princes; ‖ earthly monarchs); צבא השׁמים Dn 8:10, הצבא v 10 (al. vb fig. of Israel); שׂר צ׳ י׳ captain of the host of י׳ Jos 5:14, 15 (theophanic angel); שׂר הצבא Dn 8:11 (angel-prince of Israel, others, God). c. of sun, moon and stars, כל צבא השׁמים Dt 4:19; 17:3; 2 K 17:16; 21:3, 5 = 2 Ch 33:3, 5; 2 K 23:4, 5 Je 8:2; 19:13 (all as objects of worship), Is 34:4; צ׳ השׁמים Je 33:22; Zp 1:5; כל צבאם Ne 9:6 ψ 33:6; Is 34:4; 45:12; צבאם Is 40:26.—Je 3:19 v. i. צְבִי" dir="rtl" >צְבִי. d. of the entire creation, כל צבאם Gn 2:1. 2. war, warfare, service: יָצָא צָבָא go out to war Nu 1:3, 20 + 12 times Nu 1, 26:2 (P) 1 Ch 5:18; 7:11; 12:33, 36; 2 Ch 25:5; 26:11; יצא בצ׳ Nu 31:36 (P) Dt 24:5; יצא לצ׳ Nu 31:27, 28 (P); עלה לצ׳ go up to war Jos 22:12, 33 (P); בא מצ׳ come from war Nu 31:14; 2 Ch 28:12; קבץ לצ׳ 1 S 28:1; שׁלח לצ׳ Nu 31:4, 6(×2) (P); התיחשׂם בּצ׳ 1 Ch 7:40; צ׳ תִנָּתֵן Dn 8:12; אַנְשֵׁי (ה)צ׳ men of war Nu 31:21, 53 (P) 1 Ch 12:9, cf. עַם הצ׳ Nu 31:32 (P); v. also חָלַץ²" dir="rtl" >II. חלץ; גִבּוֹרֵי חַיִל לצ׳ 1 Ch 12:25; כְּלֵי צ׳ 1 Ch 12:37 instruments of war. 3. service: a. of Levites in sacred places Nu 4:3, 23, 30, 35, 39, 43; 8:24, 25; קֹדֶשׁ וְצָבָא Dn 8:13 (al. as v 11, 1 b). b. of hard service of troubled life Jb 7:1; 14:14; Is 40:2 Dn 10:1. 4. צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older), explained יהוה צבאות אֱלֹהֵי מערכות ישׂראל 1 S 17:45 י׳ Sebaoth God of the battle array of Israel (the thought of angels and stars as army of God is later); a. earliest form c. art.: י׳ אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת Am 3:13; 6:14; 9:5 (אֱלֹהֵי om. by error, cf. We), Ho 12:6. b. without art., definite by usage, י׳ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת 2 S 5:10; Am 5:14, 15, 16; 6:8; 1 K 19:10, 14; Je 5:14; 15:16 ψ 89:9; י׳ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Je 35:17; 38:17; 44:7; 2 S 7:27 = 1 Ch 17:24; Is 21:10; 37:16; 1st אֱלֹהֵי om. Je 7:3, 21 + 30 times Je; Zp 2:9; י׳ אלהים צ׳ אלהי ישׂראל ψ 59:6 (אלהים variant of י׳); י׳ א׳ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ, י׳ God of hosts his name Am 4:13; 5:27, later reduced to י׳ צ׳ שְׁמוֹ Is 47:4; 48:2; 51:15; 54:5; Je 10:16; 31:35 + 6 times Je. c. as n.pr. Sebaoth: י׳ צבאות, י׳ Sebaoth (Lord of hosts, Vrss, owing to Qr אֲדֹנָי, but this never cstr. אֲדֹנֵי; al. י׳ of hosts, but י׳ is n.pr.; צ׳ for earlier אלהי צ׳; cf. Σαβαωθ Ja 5:4; Rom 9:29): 1 S 1:3, 11; 4:4; 15:2; 17:45; 2 S 6:2, 18; 7:8, 26; 1 K 18:15; 2 K 3:14; 19:31; 1 Ch 11:9; 17:7 ψ 24:10 + 6 times ψψ, Mi 4:4; Na 2:14; 3:5 Hb 2:13; Zp 2:10; Is 1:9; 2:12; 5:7, 9, 16, 24 + 35 times Is 6–39; Is 2 only 44:6; 45:13; Je 6:6, 9; 8:3; 9:6, 16 + 26 times Je, Hg 1:2, 5 + 12 times Hg, Zc 1:3(×3), 4 + 40 times Zc 1–8; 9:15 + 8 times 10–14, Mal 1:4, 6, 8 + 21 times Mal; האדון י׳ צ׳ Is 1:24 + 4 times Is (incl. 10:16 Baer Gi > van d. H. אֲדֹנָי for י׳); אֲדֹנָי י׳ צ׳ 3:15 + (on these phr. v. אָדוֹן 1, 6); אלהים צ׳ (א׳ later Qr for orig. י׳) ψ 80:8, 15; י׳ אלהים צ׳ (earlier י׳ + later [inserted] א׳) ψ 80:5, 20; 84:9.—cf. Driver Hastings DB (1900), Lord of Hosts and reff., Löhr Amos (Belhefte zur ZAW iv (1900), 38–67).

† II. כֹּחַ and (†Dn 11:6) כּוֹחַ n.m. Dt 4:37 strength, power (NH id.);—כ׳ abs. Dt 8:18 +; cstr. Nu 14:17 +; sf. כֹּחִי Gn 31:6 +; כֹּחֲךָ Ju 16:6 +, כֹּחֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:10, כֹּחֶ֑כָה Pr 24:10, etc.; always sg.;— 1. human strength: a. physical, of Samson Ju 16:5, 6, 9, 15, 17, 19, 30; strength in toil Is 44:12 (זְרוֹעַ כֹּתוֹ), v 12 Lv 26:20 Ne 4:4; of manly vigour (in procreation) אַתָּה כֹּחִי וְרֵאשִׁית אוֹנִי Gn 49:3 (poem in J; said to Reuben); vigour in gen. Jos 14:11(×2) (JE), Ju 6:14 1 S 28:22 Jb 6:11, 12 ψ 31:11; 38:11; 71:9; 102:24; Pr 20:29; as sustained by food 1 K 19:8; lack of such vigour is לֹא־כֹחַ Jb 26:2, cf. מִכֹּחַ Je 48:45 without strength; בְּלֹא־כ׳ La 1:6; יְגִיעֵי־כ׳ Jb 3:17; כֹּחַ לֹא־הָיָה בוֹ 1 S 28:20, cf. Dn 10:8, 17; in ψ 22:16 read חִכִּי, so Ew Ol Che al.; specif. of power of voice Is 40:9. b. more inclusively, ability, efficiency: sq. inf., ability to weep 1 S 30:4; to get wealth Dt 8:18; to bring forth (a child; in fig.) 2 K 19:3 = Is 37:3; sq. לַעֲמֹד Dn 1:4 Ezr 10:13, cf. Dn 11:15; without inf. 1 Ch 29:2 Ezr 2:69; of efficiency in battle 2 Ch 14:10; 20:12; 26:13; for porter’s service in temple אִישׁ־חַיִל בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲבֹדָה 1 Ch 26:8; ability or efficiency in gen. Gn 31:6 Pr 24:5, 10 Ec 4:1; 9:10, so prob. כֹּחַ יְדֵיהֶם Jb 30:2; עָצַר כֹּחַ (late, cf. עצר) retain ability or strength, sq. inf.; נַעְצֹר כ׳ לְהִתְנַדֵּב 1 Ch 29:14 that we should retain (have) ability to make freewill-offerings; to build 2 Ch 2:5; c. neg., without inf., Dn 10:8, 16 (cf. 11:6, c.). c. power of a people, or king, Jos 17:17 Na 2:2 Hb 1:11 Is 49:4 (of servant of י׳), La 1:14 Dn 8:22, 24a, also v 24b (si vera l., v. Bev), 11:25 (‖ לֵבָב); c. עָצַר 2 Ch 13:20; 22:9 Dn 11:6 (לֹא תַעְצֹר כ׳ הַזְּרוֹעַ, cf. b); in Ho 7:9 fig. of body seems combined with that of land yielding produce (v. 5 infr.) d. power opp. to that of God Am 2:14 Is 10:13 (כ׳ יָדִי), Dt 8:17 1 S 2:9 Zc 4:6 Jb 36:19 ψ 33:16. e. power conferred by God Is 40:29, cf. v 31; 41:1; of prophetic power Mi 3:8. 2. strength of angels ψ 103:20. 3. power of God: in creation Je 10:12; 51:51 (see also 32:17 infr.); ψ 65:7; in governing the world 1 Ch 29:12 2 Ch 20:6 ψ 29:4; in acts of deliverance and judgment Ex 9:16; 15:6; 32:11 Nu 14:13, 17 (JE), Is 50:2 2 Ch 25:8 Jb 9:19; 24:22; 26:12; 30:18; 36:22; in combin. כֹּחַ גָּדוֹל Dt 4:37; ‖ יָד חֲזָקָה Ex 32:11 (JE), Ne 1:10; ‖ זְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה Dt 9:29 2 K 17:36 Je 27:5; 32:17; he is רַב־כֹּחַ ψ 147:5, cf. רֹב כֹּחוֹ Is 63:1 Jb 23:6; also גדול־כֹּחַ Na 1:3; אַמִּיץ כֹּחַ Is 40:26 Jb 9:4, שַׂגִּיא־כֹחַ 37:23; כֹּחַ מַעֲשָׂיו ψ 116:6 the power of his works; קוֹל י׳ בַּכֹּחַ ψ 29:4 (of thunder); specif. of his wisdom (rather peculiarly, Elihu) כַּבִּיר כֹּחַ לֵב Jb 36:5 mighty in strength of mind. 4. of animals: wild ox Jb 39:11, horse v 21, hippopot. 40:16, bullock Pr 14:4; he-goat Dn 8:6, ram v 7. 5. strength, of soil i.e. produce, Gn 4:12 (J), Jb 31:39; (Ho 7:9 v. 1. c supr.); = wealth (cf. חַיִל" dir="rtl" >חַיִל Pr 5:10 Jb 6:22.

δύνᾰμις [ῠ], ἡ, genitive εως, Ionic dialect ιος, Ionic dialect dative δυνάμι: (δύναμαι):— power, might, in Refs 8th c.BC+, especially of bodily strength, εἴ μοι δ. γε παρείη Refs 8th c.BC+: generally, strength, power, ability to do anything, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to κατὰ δ. as far as lies in one, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 outward power, influence, authority, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν δ. εἶναι, γενέσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 force for war, forces, δ. ἀνδρῶν LXX+5th c.BC+; μετὰ δυνάμεων ἱκανῶν Wilcken Refs 2nd c.BC+; δ. καὶ πεζὴ καὶ ἱππικὴ καὶ ναυτική Refs 5th c.BC+; πέντε δυνάμεσι πεφρουρημένον, of the five projecting rows of sarissae in the phalanx, Refs 1st c.BC+ __4 a power, quantity, χρημάτων δ. Refs 5th c.BC+. __5 means, κατὰ δύναμιν Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to παρὰ δ., NT __II power, faculty, capacity, αἱ ἀμφὶ τὸ σῶμα δ. Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive of things, capacity for, τῶν ἔργων Refs 4th c.BC+; τοῦ λόγου, τῶν λόγων, Refs 4th c.BC+: absolutely, any natural capacity or faculty, that may be improved and may be used for good or ill, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 elementary force, such as heat, cold, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ τοῦ θερμοῦ δ.Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2.b property, quality, ἰδίην δύναμιν καὶ φύσιν ἔχειν Refs 5th c.BC+; especially of the natural properties of plants, etc., αἱ δ. τῶν φυομένων, τῶν σπερμάτων, Refs 5th c.BC+; productive power, τῆς γῆς Refs: generally, function, faculty, δύναμις φυσική, ζωική, ψυχική, Refs 2nd c.AD+; περὶ φυσικῶν δ., title of work by Galen. __II.2.c in plural, agencies, ὑπάρχειν ἐν τῇ φύσει τὰς τοιαύτας δυνάμεις (i.e. the gods) Polystr.p.10 W. __II.2.d function, meaning, of part in whole, Refs __II.2.e in Music, function, value, of a note in the scale, δ. ἐστι τάξις φθόγγου ἐν συστήματι Refs 4th c.BC+; μέση κατὰ δύναμιν, opposed to κατὰ θέσιν, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 faculty, art, or craft, Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. σκεπτική the doctrine of the Sceptics, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.4 a medicine, Refs 5th c.BC+: in plural, collection of formulae or prescriptions, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II.4.b action of medicines, περὶ τῆς ἁπλῶν φαρμάκων δ., title of work by Galen; also, potency, δυνάμει θερμά, ψυχρά, Refs __II.5 magically potent substance or object, Refs: in plural, magical powers, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __III force or meaning of a word, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.b phonetic value of sounds or letters, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III.2 worth or value of money, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV capability of existing or acting, potentiality, opposed to actuality (ἐνέργεια), Refs 4th c.BC+ as adverb, virtually, ὕστερον ὂν τῇ τάξει, πρότερον τῇ δυνάμει.. ἐστί Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to ἐνεργείᾳ, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to ἐντελεχείᾳ, Refs __V in Mathematics texts, power, κατὰ μεταφορὰν ἡ ἐν γεωμετρίᾳ λέγεται δ. Refs; usually second power, square, κατὰ δύναμιν in square, Refs 5th c.BC+ a line the square on which is equal to an area, ἡ BA ἐλάσσων ἐστὶν ἢ διπλασίων δυνάμει τῆς AK the square on BA is less than double of the square on AK, Refs 3rd c.BC+ commensurable in square, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἡ δυνάμει δεκάς the series 12 + 22... + 102, Refs __V.b square number, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V.c square of an unknown quantity Refs 3rd c.AD+ __V.2 square root of a number which is not a perfect square, surd, opposed to μῆκος, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V.3 product of two numbers, ἡ ἀμφοῖν (i.e. τριάδος καὶ δυάδος) δ. ἑξάς Refs 1st c.AD+; δυνάμει in product, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __VI concrete, powers, especially of divine beings, αἱ δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν LXX+NT+1st c.AD+; πολυώνυμος δ., of God, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VII manifestation of divine power, miracle, NT

† עֹז and (rarely) עוֹז n.m. strength, might;—abs. ע׳ Ju 9:51 +, עוֹז ψ 84:6 +, עָז־ Is 26:1, once עָ֑ז Gn 49:3; cstr. עֹז Mi 5:3 +, עָז־ ψ 28:8; sf. עָזִּי Ex 15:2 + 2 times, עֻזִּי ψ 28:7 +; עָזְּךָ 21:2 + 2 times, עֻזְּךָ 66:3 +; sf. 1 pl. עוּזֵנוּ 81:2; 3 mpl. עֻזָּמוֹ 89:18 etc.;—strength, might (usually poet., 44 times ψψ): 1. material and physical, מִגְדַּל־עֹז Ju 9:51, and fig. (of י׳), ψ 61:4 Pr 18:10, מַחֲסִי־עֹז ψ 71:7, cf. עִיר עָז־לָנוּ Is 26:1, קִרְיַת־עֹז Pr 18:19 (sim.), 10:15 = 18:11 (fig.); עֹז טִבְטֶחָ֑ה Pr 21:22 (of a city, read poss. מעוז Toy); צוּר עֻזִּי ψ 62:8 (fig.); מְרוֹם עֻזָּהּ Je 51:53 (of Bab.), מַצְּבוֹת עֻזֵּךְ Ez 26:11 (of Tyre), cf. ψ 30:8 (reading לְהַרְרֵי־עֹז 𝔗 Hup Che Kau We; but no obj. for vb.; Gie in Bae proposes הָעֳמַדְתִּי for הֶעֱמַדְתָּה); רְקִיעַ עֻזּוֹ ψ 150:1 his mighty firmament (De Hup Kau al.; Ki AV RV Che the f. of his power, where his power dwells); בְּכָל־עֹז with all one’s might 2 S 6:14 = 1 Ch 13:8, + 2 Ch 30:21 (where so read, for MT כְּלֵי עֹז, Kau Kit cf. Be Oettli); בְּעוֹז Pr 31:17, 25; abstr. for concr. Ju 5:21 si vera l., but prob. crpt., cf. GFM Bu; of crocodile Jb 41:14; קוֹל עֹז ψ 68:34 a mighty voice; זְרוֹעַ עֻזּוֹ = his mighty arm (fig. of י׳) Is 62:8, cf. 51:9 ψ 89:11 Jb 26:2, גֶּשֶׁם מִטְרוֹת עֻזּוֹ Jb 37:6; מַטֵּה־עֹז, fig. of political power Je 48:17 (‖ מַקֵּל תִּפְאָרָה), Ez 19:11, 12, 14 (vine-branches, in fig.), ψ 110:2. 2. personal, social, and political: a. Am 3:11, גְּאוֹן ע׳ Lv 26:19 (H), Ez 24:21; 30:6, 18; 33:28. b. bestowed by י׳, 1 S 2:10 (song), ψ 29:11; 68:36; 86:16; 138:3, עוֹז־לוֹ רָ֑ךְ 84:6; 138:3; so (implic.) of Zion Is 52:1. c. of י׳ as strength of his servants Mi 5:3; Is 49:5 ψ 81:2; 84:6, also Ex 15:2 (‖ יְשׁוּעָה) = Is 12:2 = ψ 118:14, cf. Is 45:24, עֹז יְשׁוּעָתִי ψ 140:8, תִּפְאֶרֶת עֻזָּמוֹ 89:18; sometimes as their stronghold, for defence Je 16:19 (+ מָעֻזִּי), ψ 28:7 (+ מָגִנִּי), v 8 (‖ מָעוֹז). 46:2 (+ מַחֲסֶה), 59:10 (reading עֻזִּי, v. Comm. and Ginsbmargin; ‖ מִשְׂגַּבִּי), v 18 (‖ id.), cf. Pr 14:26 (‖ מַחְסֶה); v. also sub 1.—Pr 24:5 v. עַז²" dir="rtl" >עַז. 3. might of י׳ (especially ψψ): a. as essential attribute Hb 3:4; Jb 12:16 ψ 62:12; 63:3; 68:35; 93:1; 96:6 = 1 Ch 16:27; עֹז מֶלֶךְ ψ 99:4 (title of י׳). b. theme of ascription in praise ψ 29:1 (c. יָהַב) = 96:7 = 1 Ch 16:28, ψ 59:17 (c. שִׁיר), 68:35 (c. נָתַן). c. exerted for his people and against his foes Ex 15:13 (song), ψ 21:2 (‖ יְשוּעָה), v 14; 66:3; 68:29 + v 29 (reading עוֹז for עוּזָּה, v. עזז), 74:13; 77:15; 78:26; 105:4 = 1 Ch 16:11, Ezr 8:22 (+ אַפּוֹ), cf. עֹז אַפֶּ֑ךָ ψ 90:11. d. manifested in connex. with the ark, אֲרוֹן עֻזֶּ֑ךָ 2 Ch 6:41 = ψ 132:8, עֹז = ark 78:61. 4. עֹז פָּנָיו = boldness, impudence Ec 8:1, changed by wisdom. De Wild al.; עַז פ׳ he who is impudent 𝔊 Siegf (cf. עזז Hiph.). 5. = stronghold (cf. 2 c): ψ 8:3 out of the mouth of babes … thou hast founded strength, or a stronghold (for thy defence, cf. v b), so Ew De Hup Kau Sch Che Dr, cf. Du; > praise Vrss Bae.—מָעוֹז v. עוּז" dir="rtl" >עוז.

אָ֫וֶן85 n.m. Jb 5:6 trouble, sorrow, wickedness—abs. Nu 23:21 +; sf. אוֹנִי Gn 35:18 etc.; pl. אוֹנִים Ho 9:4— 1. trouble, sorrow בֶּן־אוֹנִי son of my trouble or sorrow Gn 35:18 (E); לֹא הִבִּיט אָוֶן בְּיַעֲקֹב Nu 23:21 (song of Balaam), he doth not behold trouble in Jacob (‖ he doth not see mischief— עָמָל—in Isr.); often ‖ עָמָל, ψ 7:15 (הִנֵּה יְחַבֶּל־אָוֶן lo he travaileth with trouble ‖ וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָׁ֑קֶר, yea he hath conceived misery & brought forth a lie), prob. thence Jb 15:35 (הָרֹה עָמָל וְיָלֹד אָוֶן) = Is 59:4; cf. עָמָל וָאָוֶן ψ 10:7; 55:11; 90:10; Jb 4:8; 5:6 Is 10:1 (v. עָמָל); also זוֹרֵעַ עַוְלָה יִקְצָר־אָוֶן Pr 22:8 the sower of iniquity shall reap trouble; in this sense elsewhere only Dt 26:14 Pr 12:21 Je 4:15 Hb 3:7 Am 5:5, pl. intens. לֶחֶם אוֹנִים bread of trouble, sorrow, or mourning Ho 9:4. 2. idolatry Ho 12:12; אָוֶן וּתְרָפִים הַפְצַ֑ר stubbornness is idolatry & (the use of) teraphim 1 S 15:23 (poet. source); בֵּית אָוֶן Ho 4:15 (for בֵּית אֵל because Bethel, house of God, is given over to idolatry) so also 5:8; 10:5 cf. בָּמוֹת א׳ Ho 10:8; בִּקְעַת א׳ Am 1:5 (Baalbek); בַּחוּרֵי א׳ read אוֹן, אֹן = On, Heliopolis Ez 30:17;—abstr. for concr. = idols Is 41:29; 66:3. 3. trouble of iniquity, wickedness, מְתֵי אָוֶן Jb 22:15; אַנְשֵׁי א׳ 34:36 = men of trouble, troublers, wicked men; cf. אִישׁ" dir="rtl" >אִישׁ א׳ Pr 6:12; Is 55:7; פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן workers of trouble, evil-doers, workers of iniquity Jb 31:3; 34:8, 22 ψ 5:6 + (16 times chiefly late ψ) Pr 10:29; 21:15 Is 31:2 Ho 6:8; מַחְשְׁבוֹת אָוֶן thoughts of trouble, wicked imaginations Pr 6:18 Is 59:7 Je 4:14; often of words & thoughts Jb 11:11 + (5 times) ψ 36:5 + (9 times) Pr 17:4; 19:28; 30:20 Is 29:20; 32:6; 58:9; 59:6 Ez 11:2 Mi 2:1 Hb 1:3 Zc 10:2; לֹא אוּכַל אָוֶן וַעֲצָרָה Is 1:13 I cannot bear iniquity with the solemn meeting (RV & most mod.; AV it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting).

† גְּבוּרָה61 n.f. strength, might—Ex 32:18 + 16 times; cstr. גְּבוּרַת ψ 147:10; sf. גְּבוּרָתוֹ + (sfs. 32 times); pl. גְּבוּרוֹת Jb 41:4 + 3 times; גְּבֻרוֹת ψ 71:16; גְּבוּרֹתֶיךָ Dt 3:24 + (sfs. 6 times);— 1. strength, cf. horse Jb 39:19 ψ 147:10, crocodile Jb 41:4, sun Ju 5:31, body of man ψ 90:10 Ec 9:16; 10:17. 2. might, valour, of warriors Ju 8:21 Pr 8:14 Is 3:25; 28:6; 30:15 Je 9:22; 23:10; 49:35; 51:30 Ez 32:29, 30 Mi 3:8; 7:16; קוֹל עֲנוֹת גְּבוּרָה noise of shouting in warlike strength Ex 32:18 (E); עֵצָה וּגְבוּרָה 2 K 18:20 Is 11:2; 36:5; cf. phrases of compiler of Kings כֹּל גְּבוּרָתוֹ 1 K 15:23 2 K 10:34; 20:20; אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וּגְבוּרָתוֹ 1 K 16:5, 27; 22:46 2 K 13:8, 12; 14:15, 28; cf. also מַלְכוּתוֹ וּגְבוּרָתוֹ 1 Ch 29:30, תָקְפּוֹ וּגְבוּרָתוֹ Est 10:2. 3. might of God Jb 26:14 ψ 21:14; 54:3; 65:7; 66:7; 71:18; 80:3; 89:14; 106:8; 145:11 Is 33:13 Je 10:6; 16:21; cf. phrases כח וגבורה 1 Ch 29:12 2 Ch 20:6, חכמה וג׳ Jb 12:13, משׁפט וג׳ Mi 3:8, הגדלה והג׳ 1 Ch 29:11; גְּבוּרוֹת mighty deeds of God Dt 3:24 ψ 20:7; 71:16; 106:2; 145:4, 12; 150:2 Is 63:15.

† חָמָס n.m. ψ 7:17 violence, wrong—abs. ח׳ Gn 6:11 + 44 times; cstr. חֲמַס Ju 9:24 + 7 times; sf. חֲמָסִי Gn 16:5; Je 51:35 (in both = wrong done to me); חֲמָסוֹ ψ 7:17; pl. חֲמָסִים 2 S 22:49 + 3 times;—violence specif. of physical violence Ju 9:24; 2 S 22:3 (not ‖ ψ 18:3), Ob10, Hb 1:9; Je 51:35 (of Chaldeans), Hb 2:8, 17(×2) Jo 4:19 ψ 72:14; but also wrong, incl. injurious language, harsh treatment, etc. Gn 16:5 (J, of wrong done to Sarah by Hagar), Jb 19:7 Mal 2:16; in gen. of rude wickedness of men, their noisy, wild, ruthlessness Mi 6:12 Hb 1:2; Zp 1:9 Pr 10:6, 11; 13:2; 26:6 + Ez 7:11 (si vera l., v. Co), ‖ שֹׁד Am 3:10; Hb 1:3; Je 6:7; 20:8; Ez 45:9; Is 60:18, ‖ רִיב ψ 55:10, ‖ עָמָל 7:17, ‖ גַּאֲוָה 73:6, אֹהֵב ח׳ 11:5 (‖ רָשָׁע), denied, of servant of י׳ Is 53:9, ח׳ בארץ Je 51:46, cf. Gn 6:11, 13 (P), Ez 8:17; 12:19; מָֽלְאוּ מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־אֶרֶץ נְאוֹת ח׳ ψ 74:20, הָעִיר מָֽלְאָה ח׳ Ez 7:23; 28:16, שֶׁבֶת ח׳ Am 6:3 is (prob.) enthronement of violence; כְּלֵי ח׳ Gn 49:5 (poem) instruments, weapons, of violence;—other phrases are: ח׳ בְּיָדַיִם Jon 3:8; 1 Ch 12:17, cf. Jb 16:17, ח׳ יְדֵיכֶם ψ 58:3 and פֹּעַל ח׳ בְּכַפֵּיהֶם Is 59:6; עֵד ח׳ i.e. a witness that promotes violence and wrong Ex 23:1 (JE), Dt 19:16, עֵדֵי ח׳ ψ 35:11; עֵדֵי שֶׁקֶר וִיפֵחַ חָמָס ψ 27:12; שׂנאת ח׳ ψ 25:19 = hatred characterized by violence; אִישׁ חָמָס = violent man ψ 18:49 (2 S 22:49 has the later א׳ חמסים, cf. infr.) 140:12 Pr 3:31; 16:29; אישׁ חמסים (later) ψ 140:2, 5; 2 S 22:49; יֵין חֲמָסִים Pr 4:17 i.e. wine gained by violence (‖ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע).

† חָזָק adj. strong, stout, mighty;—ח׳ Ex 10:19 + 18 times; f. חֲזָקָה Ex 3:19 + 31 times + Ez 3:14 (Co for MT vb. 3 fs.); pl. חֲזָקִים Ju 18:25 + 2 times; cstr. חִזְקֵי Ez 2:4 (del. Co v. infr.) 3:7;— 1. strong: a. of men, rarely pred. Nu 13:18 (opp. רָפֶה), v 31 (compar. c. מִן), Jos 14:11; 17:18 (all JE), Ju 18:26 (compar. c. מִן); also of גֹּאֲלָם Je 50:34 Pr 23:11; of hand of י׳ Jos 4:24 (D), so Ez 3:14 𝔊 Co (v. supr. and חָזַק Qal 3); cf. of Tyre הָֽיְתָה חֲזָקָה בַּיָּם Ez 26:17 (del. B Co). b. usually attrib.; of arm of Pharaoh Ez 30:22 (opp. נִשְׁבָּ֑רֶת); especially of hand of י׳ in delivering Isr. from Egypt, Ex 3:19 (gloss? v. Di), 6:1(×2); 13:9 (all J), Dt 6:21; 7:8; 9:26 Dn 9:15; in wonders done by agency of Moses Dt 34:12; also בְּכֹחַ גָּדוֹל וּבְיָד חֲזָקָה Ex 32:11 (JE), cf. Ne 1:10, but oftener ביד חזקה וּבִזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה Dt 4:34; 5:15; 7:19; 11:2; 26:8 Je 32:21 ψ 136:12; of control of enemies and deliverance from exile Ez 20:33, 34; more gen. Dt 3:24 (‖ גָּדְלְךָ), 1 K 8:42 = 2 Ch 6:32; of י׳’s opposition to Zedekiah Je 21:5; once of Edom, opp. Isr. בעם כבד וביד חזקה Nu 20:20 (JE). c. of sword of י׳ Is 27:1 (‖ הַקָּשָׁה וְהַגְּדוֹלָה), of wind Ex 10:19 (J), 1 K 19:11; sound of trumpet (= loud) Ex 19:16 (E). d. severe, sharp, hot, of war 1 S 14:52 (pred.), battle 2 S 11:15, sickness 1 K 17:17 (pred.), famine 18:2. e. firm, hard, of face, פנים Ez 3:8, forehead, מֵצַח v 8; adamant, sim. of forehead v 9 (compar., c. מִן); of sky Jb 37:18 (pred.) In pl. cstr. ח׳ לֵב Ez 2:4 hard of heart (‖ קְשֵׁי פָנִים) but om. B Co, ח׳־מֵצַח 3:7 hard (= impudent) of forehead (‖ קְשֵׁי־לֵב). 2. as subst., a strong one, of י׳ (בְּחָזָק, as, in the character of, a strong one) Is 40:10; of י׳’s agent Is 28:2 (‖ אַמִּץ); v. also וְחָזָק לֹא יְאַמֵּץ כֹּחוֹ Am 2:14; c. מִן comp. = one too strong for Je 31:11 ψ 35:10. In Ez 34:16 MT uses הח׳ in bad sense (‖ הַשְּׁמֵנָה), 𝔊 Co, with diff. text, in good sense. (v. VB).

† I. נֵ֫צַח n.m. La 3:18 eminence, enduring, everlastingness, perpetuity (לנצח Ecclus 40:14 as 4 infr.);—נֵ֫צַח 1 S 15:29 + 3 times; נֶ֫צַח Am 1:11 + 36 times; sf. נִצְחִי La 3:18; pl. נְצָחִים Is 34:10;— 1. eminence: נצח ישׂראל the Eminence of Israel (י׳) 1 S 15:29 (DrSam 98 glory of Israel); attribute of God 1 Ch 29:11 (‖ הוד, תפארת et al.). 2. enduring of life, and so life itself as enduring: אָבַד נִצְחִי La 3:18 my endurance doth vanish (De sap of life, v. ii. נ׳). 3. endurance in time: משׁאות נ׳ ψ 74:3 perpetual desolations; לנ׳ יְדַבֵּר Pr 21:28 speaketh continually (?; v. Toy); עד־נ׳ ψ 49:20 unto the end (a long duration), so Jb 34:36. 4. everlastingness, ever, usually לָנֶצַח for ever, 2 S 2:26; Is 13:20; 25:8; 28:28; 33:20; 57:16 Je 3:5; 50:39 Am 8:7; Hb 1:4 ψ 9:7, 19; 10:11; 44:24; 49:10; 52:7; 68:17; 74:1, 10, 19; 77:9; 79:5; 89:47; 103:9 Jb 4:20; 14:20; 20:7; 23:7; 36:7 La 5:20; לנצח נצחים (cf. עולם עולמים) Is 34:10; seldom abbr. נֶצַח Am 1:11 (לָנ׳ 𝔊 We Now GASm), Je 15:18 ψ 13:2; 16:11.

† חֵל, חֵיל n.m. Ob 20 rampart, fortress (perhaps orig. surrounding wall, cf. Sab. Denkm 91 n.2)—abs. חֵיל Na 3:8, חֵל La 2:8 + 3 times (+ ψ 10:10 Qr v. חלכה); cstr. חֵל 1 K 21:23; sf. חֵילֵךְ ψ 122:7, חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4; חֵילָה = חֵילָהּ ψ 48:11, Ol§ 40 c. 75 g. 96 e Sta§ 347 c;— 1. rampart (defined by Jews as בֶּן חוֹמָה, i.e. a little wall, cf. Ki s.v.), of an outer fortification 2 S 20:15 (others, by meton., of space between outer and inner fortif., incl. moat, v. Dr Kit); Is 26:1 La 2:8 (both ‖ חוֹמוֹת); in gen. of defences, or sea-power of Tyre וְהִכָּה בַיָּם חֵילָהּ Zc 9:4 (v. StaZAW i. 1881, 15), of No-Amon (Thebes) אֲשֶׁר חֵיל יָם מִיָּם חוֹמָתָהּ Na 3:8; of Zion ψ 122:7, also 48:14 (חילה = חֵילָהּ, cf. supr.; both ‖ ארמנותיך).—For חֵל 1 K 21:23 read prob. חֵלֶק, q.v. 2. fortress גָּלֻת הַחֵל הַזֶּה Ob 20 the exiles of this fortress (Hi-St; Or AVRV this army, חֵל = חַיִל).

† I. אֵיתָן, אֵתָן adj. perennial, ever-flowing, fig. permanent, as subst. steady flow, permanence;—abs. אֵיתָן Gn 49:24 + 8 times; אֵתָן Jb 33:19; sf. אֵיתָנוֹ Ex 14:27; pl. אֵיתָנִים Jb 12:19; אֵתָנִים 1 K 8:2 Mi 6:2; (in form, an ‘elative,’ Ew§ 162 b = Arabic compar. and superl.;— 1. 3 (opp. אַכְזָב), נַחַל אֵיתָן Am 5:24 an 3 wādy, Dt 21:4 (v. Dr); as subst. in נַהֲרוֹת אֵיתָן ψ 74:15 rivers of steady flow; as subst. also Ex 14:27 (J), the sea returned לְאֵיתָנוֹ to its steady flow, יֶרַח הָאֵיתָנִים 1 K 8:2 month of steady flowings = 7th mo., Oct.–Nov. (post-Bibl Tisri). 2. fig. permanent, enduring גּוֹי אֵיתָן הוּא Je 5;15, i. e. a nation whose numbers never dwindle or fail, imperishable, וְרִיב עֲצָמָיו א׳ Jb 33:19 Kt the strife of his bones is constant, Gn 49:24 his bow abode בְּא׳ as an enduring, firm, one, א׳ מוֹשָֽׁבְךָ Nu 24:21 (‖ שִׂים בַּסֶּלַע), נְוֵה אֵיתָן Je 49:19 = 50:44 an abode of permanency (of Edom, and Babylon, suddenly depopulated by foe, figured as lion); האיתנים מוסדי ארץ Mi 6:2 ye ever-enduring ones, the foundations of the earth (but read prob. with We הַאֲזִינוּ), Jb 12:19 אֵיתָנִים יְסַלֵּף he subverteth them that are firmly seated (i.e. men established in hereditary offices or dignities). Very uncertain is Pr 13:15 דֶּרֶךְ בֹּגְדִים אֵיתָן, perhaps firm, hard, rugged (Ew De Hi Now: according to Str. the text is corrupt).

κράτος [ᾰ], Ionic dialect and Epic dialect κάρτος, εος, τό, both in Refs 8th c.BC+ κρέτος Refs 7th c.BC+:— strength, might, in Refs 8th c.BC+ especially of bodily strength, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κ. ἐστίν this (i.e. τὸ βάψαι) is what gives strength to iron, Refs 8th c.BC+; κατὰ κράτος with all one's might or strength, Refs 6th c.BC+, etc.: frequently in phrase αἱρεῖν κατὰ κ. take by storm, Refs 6th c.BC+; πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος, opposed to λόγῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 personified, K. Refs 5th c.BC+. __II power, τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον, of Zeus, LXX+8th c.BC+, etc.: plural, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially of political power, rule, sovereignty, Refs 7th c.BC+; τὸ πᾶν κ. ἔχειν to be all-powerful, Refs 5th c.BC+; βασιλεὺς πρῶτος ἐν κράτει Ὀδρυσῶν ἐγένετο in real power, Refs 5th c.BC+ sovereign power, Refs __II.2 with genitive, power over, Refs 6th c.BC+; ὧν ἂν ᾖ τὸ κ. τῆς γῆς whoever have possession of the land, Refs 6th c.BC+: plural, Refs 5th c.BC+ (Lyric poetry). __II.3 of persons, a power, an authority, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III mastery, victory, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀέθλων κ. victory in.., Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἀριστείας the meed of highest valour, Refs 6th c.BC+. __IV in Medicine texts, in plural, ligaments, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.2 ={ταρσός}, back of the hand, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V Refs 4th c.BC+ name for ten, Refs.—This word and its derivations take two forms, κρατ- and καρτ-; the latter is mostly Epic dialect, as κάρτος, κάρτιστος, καρτύνω, but in κρατερός and καρτερός the reverse holds, see at {κρατερός} near the end; κρατέω, κρατύς have no form καρτ-. (κρατ- and καρτ- from kṛt-, weak form of κρετ-, compare κρέτος, κρέσσων.)

† I. אוֹן n.m. vigour, wealth—abs. Ho 12:9, sf. אוֹנִי Gn 49:3 + etc.; pl. אוֹנִים ψ 78:51 +. 1. manly vigour בְּאוֹנוֹ שָׂרָה אֶת־אֱלֹהִים Ho 12:4 (of Jacob); רֵאשִׁית אוֹן beginning of manly vigour Gn 49:3 (of Reuben, first-born of Jacob); Dt 21:17 ψ 105:36 (first-born of Egyptians), so 78:51, רֵאשִׁית אוֹנִים where א׳ is assim. to מִצְרַיִם, or intens. pl. 2. strength of man Jb 18:7, 12; behemoth Jb 40:16; pl. intens. מֵרֹב אוֹנִים Is 40:26 because of the abundance of great strength (of God); of man אֵין אוֹנִים Is 40:29 one not having strength; תּוֹחֶלֶת אוֹנִים Pr 11:7 hope in strength (not the hope of iniquity RV, or of unjust men AV). 3. wealth Jb 20:10 Ho 12:9 מָצָאתִי א׳ לִי (‖ עָשַׁרְתִּי).

ἰσχ-ύς [see. entry near the end], ύος, ἡ, strength of body, Refs 8th c.BC+; of places, ἰσχὺς γῆς Refs 5th c.BC+; of a fortified place, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 might, power, θεοῦ, θεῶν, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅπου γὰρ ἰ. συζυγοῦσι καὶ δίκη might and right, Refs; φύσεως ἰ., of Themistocles, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ μέγα ἐλθεῖν ἰσχύος to a great height of power, Refs; ἰ. μάχης fighting power, Refs; ἡ τῶν νόμων ἰ. Refs 4th c.AD+; validity, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __3 brute force, κατ᾽ ἰσχύν perforce, opposed to δόλῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 motive force, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ κινοῦσα ἰ. Refs __5 in Lit. Crit., vigour of style, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II in Tactics, the main body of troops, οὔπω ἡ ἰ. πάρεστιν Refs 5th c.BC+. [ῠ in genitive, etc.: in nominative and accusative singular ῠ in Refs 5th c.BC+: ῡ in Trag. and Comedy texts, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἐνέργ-εια, ἡ, activity, operation, opposed to ἕξις (disposition), Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to ἀογία, Refs 2nd c.AD+; physiological function, Refs 2nd c.AD+; performance, τῶν καθηκόντων Refs 1st c.AD+; activity, of drugs, Refs 2nd c.AD+; force, of an engine, Refs 1st c.BC+ (but, mechanism, 'action', Refs 2nd c.BC+ __b workmanship, Aristeas Refs __2 especially of divine or supernatural action, NT+3rd c.AD+; magical operation, ἱερὰ ἐ. Refs __3 plural, ἐνέργειαι cosmic forces, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 Grammars, active force, opposed to πάθος, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐνέργειαι καὶ πάθη active and passive forms, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __5 Rhet., vigour of style, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II in the philosophical of Refs 4th c.BC+ actuality, MetaphoricalRefs; opposed to ὕλη, Refs; ἡ ὡς ἐ. οὐσία, substance in the sense of actuality, Refs; opposed to ἐντελέχεια, as actuality to full reality, Refs; ἐνεργείᾳ actually, opposed to δυνάμει, Refs

στράτ-ευμα [ᾰ], ατος, τό, expedition, campaign, ἐφ᾽ Ἑλλάδα Refs 5th c.BC+; διέφυγον τὸ σ. escaped the threatened invasion, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II armament, army, host, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑγιαίνω.. μετὰ τοῦ σ. LXX+1st c.BC+; ὑπὲρ τιμῆς ἐλαίου τῶν ἐνταῦθα σ. NT+2nd c.AD+; πεζὸν σ. Refs 4th c.BC+; διαπόντιον σ., i.e. composed of Asiatic mercenaries, Refs 5th c.BC+; πολιτικόν Refs; ἱερὰ σ. Refs 3rd c.AD+: also, a naval armament, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 ={στρατός} Refsthe people, σ. Παλλάδος Refs 5th c.BC+

† חַ֫יִל n.m. power, strength, army (v. BH II. חול, חיל);— 1. power: abs. בְּאֶדְרָע וְחָ֑יִל Ezr 4:23 by force and power; קרא בְח׳ i.e. call loudly Dn 3:4, בְּחַיִל 4:11; 5:7; גִּבָּרֵי־ח׳ 3:20 mighty men of power. 2. force, army, sf. חַיְלֵהּ 3:20; cstr. חֵיל שְׁמַיָּא 4:32 (= BH צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם).

† חָזְקָה n.f. strength, force, violence, always בְּחָזְקָה, with strength, force, etc.;— 1. of oppression Ju 4:3 forcibly, violently; capture by force 1 S 2:16; Ez 34:4 of ruling בְּח׳ וּבְפָ֑רֶךְ with force and with rigour. 2. rebuke severely, sharply Ju 8:1; cry mightily, insistently Jon 3:8.—לְחָזְקָה 2 K 12:13 v. חָזַק" dir="rtl" >חָזַק Qal Inf.

† פֶּ֫רֶךְ n.[m.] harshness, severity;—in phr. בְּפ׳ Lv 25:53, בְּפָ֑רֶךְ v 43, 46 (H P), Ez 34:4 (all c. רדה rule harshly); Ex 1:13 (c. וַיַּעֲבִדוּ), v 14 (c. עֲבֹדָה; both P).

βία, Ionic dialect βίη [ῐ], ἡ: Epic dialect dative βίηφι Refs 8th c.BC+:—bodily strength, force, Refs 8th c.BC+, periphrastic of strong men, βίη Ἡρακληείη Refs 8th c.BC+participle masculine πέρσας follows, compare Refs; βίη Ἐτεοκληείη, Ἰφικλείη,Refs 8th c.BC+: so in Lyric poetry and Trag., Πέλοπος βία Refs 5th c.BC+; Τυδέως βία, Πολυνείκους β., Refs 4th c.BC+; θήρειος β., ={Κένταυροι}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 personified, Κράτος Βία τε Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 of the mind, οὐκ ἔστι βίη φρεσίν Refs 8th c.BC+ __3.b of an argument, βίαν οὐκ ἔχειν πρὸς [τὸ] ἀποδειξαι Refs 1st c.BC+ __II act of violence, ὕβρις τε βίη τε Refs 8th c.BC+: mostly in plural, κείνων γε βίας ἀποτείσεαι Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 βίᾳ τινός against one's will, in spite of him, Refs 5th c.BC+; β. alone as adverb, perforce, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to κατὰ φύσιν, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἑκών, Refs 5th c.BC+; of Zeus, εὐμενεῖ βία κτίσας Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 in Attic dialect law, rape, βίας δίκη Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 = Latin vis, βίας γραφή D C.37.31, compare 33; μαρτύρομαι τὴν βίαν Refs 3rd c.AD+. (Cf. Sanskrit jyā´ jiyā´ 'preponderating power', jināti 'oppress'.)

† עֱזוּז n.[m.] strength, might, fierceness = עֹז;—cstr. ע׳ מִלְחָמָה Is 42:25 fierceness of battle (from י׳; = חֵמָה אַפּוֹ), ע׳ נוֹרְאֹתֶיךָ ψ 145:6; sf. עֱזוּזוֹ וְנִפְלְאֹתָיו 78:4.

† עָצְמָה n.f. might;—Is 40:29 (‖ כֹּחַ) 47:9; Na 3:9.

† תֹּ֫קֶף n.m. power, strength, energy (Aramaic תְּקוֹף, תֹּקֶף, ܬܽܘܩܦܳܐ );—ת׳ abs. Est 9:29; cstr. Dn 11:17 the strength of his whole kingdom; sf. תָּקְפּוֹ Est 10:2 the deeds of his power (+ גְּבוּרָתוֹ, etc.).

Included with: ἀποτοξεύω, shoot off arrows, ἀπὸ δένδρωνRefs 2nd c.AD+: metaphorically, shoot off like an arrow, ῥηματίσκιαRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs __2 shoot a person, τινά τινιRefs __II keep off by shooting, λοιμόνRefs

Included with: εὔτον-ος, ον, (τείνω) well-strung, vigorous, of men's bodies or limbs, Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative, Refs 4th c.BC+; of men, - ώτεροι τοῖς σώμασι Refs 1st c.BC+; τὸ εὔ., ={εὐτονία}, Refs 5th c.BC+; of engines, Refs 2nd c.BC+; of the wind, Refs 1st c.BC+; of wine, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ εὔ., name of an eyesalve, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __b distended, εὐτόνῳ φλεβί (obscene meaning) Refs 5th c.BC+ __c elastic, yielding, -ώτερος χαλκοῦ χρυσός Porph.ad Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 active, energetic, πρόνοια Refs 3rd c.AD+; προσοχή Refs 4th c.AD+; of persons, -ώτατος εἶναι with participle, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __3 of an orator, forcible, εὔ. τῇ φράσει Refs 1st c.BC+ __4 adverb -νως with might and main, vigorously, NT+5th c.BC+: comparative -ώτερον, τοῦ δέοντος ἀφιᾶσι Refs 2nd c.AD+ __5 strenuously, Refs 1st c.BC+ __6 peremptorily, -ώτερον ἐπιστεῖλαι, γράψαι, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II of the voice, well-pitched, Refs 4th c.BC+; εὔτονος is perhaps falsa lectio for{ἔντονον} in Refs 5th c.BC+

στρᾰτιά, Ionic dialect στρατ-ιή, ἡ,= στρατός, army, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. ναυτική, πεζή, Refs 5th c.BC+; ναύφρακτος σ. Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, a land force, as distinguished from seamen, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 generally, host, company, band, LXX+5th c.BC+; αἱ σ. τῶν οὐρανῶνLXX; = cohors ministrorum, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II sometimes ={στρατεία}, expedition, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἴτε.. ἐπὶ στρατιάν go.. on service, Refs 5th c.BC+

† [גְּבוּרָה] n. f. might;—emph. גְּבוּרְתָּא (K§§ 9 c); 57 b) α) but M-A§ 72 c) Dn 2:20, 23.

† [חֵ֫סֶן] n.m. (royal) power;—emph. חִסְנָא Dn 2:37; sf. חִסְנִי 4:27.

ἱκᾰν-ότης, ητος, ἡ, sufficiency, fitness, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II a sufficiency, παίδων Refs

ὅρμ-ημα, ατος, τό, sudden rush, swoop, onset, ἀετοῦ LXX; of attacking troops,LXX; of the fall of a stone, NT: plural, rapid movement, ὁρμήμασι νηός, ={νηῒ ὁρμωμένη}, Oracle texts cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 ={ὁρμή}, impulse, incitement, motive, μηδ᾽.. ἡμῶν τι συνεργὸν μηδ᾽ ὅ. Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ ὅ. μου my indignation, LXX; θαλάσσης -ήματα, of the tides, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II the earliest exception is Ἑλένης ὁρμήματά τε στοναχάς τε Refs 8th c.BC+ as the objective genitive, the cares (as if from ὁρμαίνω) and groans [of the Greeks] about Helen, i. e. caused by her; by the χωρίζοντες Refssearchings of heart and groans of Helen; the former view is more probably, but ὁ. may be from ὁρμάομαι and mean the rushes, struggles of war.

στρᾰτόπεδ-ον, τό, camp, encampment, Refs 5th c.BC+; Στρατόπεδα, name of a part of Egypt, Refs 5th c.BC+: hence, encamped army, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 at Rome, the Castra Praetoriana, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II generally, army, Refs 5th c.BC+; also, squadron of ships, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 the Roman legion, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III the court or suite of the emperor or his representative, Refs 4th c.AD+

Included with: σφοδρ-ός, ά, όν, also ός, όν Refs 5th c.BC+:— vehement, violent, excessive (used by Refs 8th c.BC+ adverb, see.Refs 5th c.BC+; καῦμα, γυμνάσιον, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἱ σ. ἡδοναί Refs; ἀλγήματα τοῦ σώματος πάνυ σ. Refs 4th c.BC+; δίψος σ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; δίψα σ. Refs 4th c.BC+; ταραχὴ-οτέρα Refs 1st c.BC+; τὸ σ. vehemence, excess, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of men, violent, impetuous, νέος καὶ σ., σ. καὶ νέος, Refs; φιλότιμοι καὶ σ. Refs; σ. ἐφ᾽ ὅτι ὁρμήσειενRefs 5th c.BC+; also, active, zealous, ὑπηρέται Refs; strong, robust, ἡ γεωργία σ. τὸ σῶμα παρέχει Refs __II adverb -ῶς vehemently, etc., μάλα σ. ἐλάαν Refs 8th c.BC+; πάνυ σ. NT+5th c.BC+; θερμαίνοντες ἢ ψύχοντες σ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; but in Attic dialect σφόδρα (which see) is the common adverb: comparative -ότερονLXX+2nd c.AD+ -οτέρως Refs 4th c.BC+: superlative -ότατονRefs 5th c.BC+

† אֱיָל n.m. help (loan-word from Aramaic ܐܻܝܳܠܴܐ, ܐܻܝܳܠ help, so LagOr ii. 7, BN 175, NöZMG 1883, 526) only in sim. כְּגֶבֶר אֵין א׳ ψ 88:5.

† [אֱיָלוּת] n.f. id. sf. אֱיָלוּתִי ψ 22:20 my help (‖ יהוה).

† אֹ֫מֶץ n.[m.] strength, fig. טֳהָר־יָדַיִם יֹסִיף אֹ֑מֶץ Jb 17:9 the clean of hands increaseth strength.

† אַמְצָה n.f. strength, fig. Zc 12:5, but sense difficult, cf. WRZech. p. 585; StaZAW 1881, 34 proposes אֶמְצְאָה לְיוֹשְׁבֵי (after 𝔊 𝔗) may I be sufficient for.

† [דֹּ֫בֶא] n.[m.] perhaps rest, but sense very doubtful (? Arabic دَبَأَ rest, Ḳamus; 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Onk strength, reading perhaps רבאך cf. Sam. רביך, vid. Di) וּכְיָמֶיךָ דָּבְאֶֽךָ׃ Dt 33:25.

† [חֵ֫זֶק] n.[m.] strength, only י׳ חִזְקִי ψ 18:2 (om. by error ‖ 2 S 22:2 where 𝔊L ἰσχύς μου). (De al. der. from חֹזֶק, but [חֶזְקָה] favours חֵזֶק).

† [לֵחַ] n.m. moisture, freshness (i. e. force, vigour);—sf. וְלֹא נָס לֵחֹה Dt 34:7 and his freshness had not fled; read בְּלֵחָמוֹ or בְּלֵחוֹ for בִּלַחְמוֹ Je 11:19 (v. לֶחֶם ad fin.; on Zp 1:17 v. לְחוּם).

† [נִצְבָּה] n.f. firmnesss (v. BH נצב);—emph. נִצְבְּתָא Dn 2:41.

† [עַוָּתָה] n.f. subversion, i.e. deprivation of justice;—sf. עַוָּתָתִי La 3:59 (opp. מִשְׁפָּטִי).

† [תְּעֲצֻמָה] n.f. might;—pl. intens. עֹז וְתַעֲצֻמוֹת ψ 68:36 strength and abundant might.

† [תְּקֹף] n.[m.] id.;—emph. תָּקְפָּא Dn 2:37.