Evil and Wickedness

רָעָה310 n.f. evil, misery, distress, injury;—abs. ר׳ Gn 26:29 +; cstr. רָעַת 6:5 +; sf. רָֽעָתִי ψ 35:4 +; רָעָֽתְךָ 1 K 2:44 +; רָֽעָתֵכִי Je 11:15 (text dub.); רָֽעַתְכֶם 1 S 12:17, etc.; pl. רָעוֹת Dt 31:17 +; רָעֹת Je 44:9 Ex 23:2; sf. רָעוֹתֵיכֶם 1 S 10:19 +, etc.;— 1. evil, misery, distress: פַּחַד רָעָה Pr 1:33, באה (ה)רעה Ez 7:5(×2); c. עַל Is 47:11 (read באה for בא), Je 5:12 + 5 times; c. אֶל Je 2:3; 51:60; †הביא רעה Je 4:6 1 K 21:29; + אֶל 2 S 17:14 + 8 times K Je; + עַל 1 K 9:9 = 2 Ch 7:22, Je 19:3 + 6 times Je + 8 times; + אֶל et על Je 19:15; 36:31; יוֹם רעה 17:17, 18 + 5 times; יְמֵי הרעה †Ec 12:1 (i.e., spring days, fatal to old people, Wetzst in De Koh. 447); רָעוֹת evils Dt 31:17(×2), 21 (JE), 32:23 (poem), ψ 34:20; 40:13; 88:4; עֵת רָעָה Am 5:13; Je 2:27, 28 + 5 times; †ראה ברעה Nu 11:15 (JE) Ob 13; Est 8:6; †ראה רעה Je 44:17 ψ 90:15; Pr 22:3 = 27:12; †יפול ברעה 17:20; 28:14; †בְּרָעָה Je 44:29 (J) Pr 14:32; 24:16; Ne 1:3; 1 Ch 7:23 ψ 107:26; ברעותיכם 141:5; נִחַם עַל רָעָה Ex 32:12, 14 (J) Je 8:6 + 6 times; c. אֶל 2 S 24:16; Je 26:3, 13, 19; 42:10. 2. evil, injury, wrong: †עשׂה רעה 2 S 12:18; Je 26:19; 41:11; c. עִם Gn 26:29 (J) Ju 15:3; 2 S 13:16; c. את Ju 11:27; c. ל 1 S 6:9; 1 K 2:44 + 4 times; c. אֶל Je 44:7; obj. of vbs. חשׁב Gn 50:20 (E) Je 36:3; 48:2 + 7 times; †חרשׁ 1 S 23:9; Pr 3:29; הֵשִׁיב Gn 50:15 (E) Ju 9:56, 57 + 4 times; †גמל Gn 50:17 (E) 1 S 24:18 (17); Is 3:9; Pr 3:30; בקשׁ Nu 35:23 (P); 1 S 24:10 (9); 25:26 + 4 times; †שׁלּם Gn 44:4 (J); Je 18:20; 51:24 ψ 35:12; 38:21; לְרָעָה for harm Gn 31:52; Ex 23:2 (E); Dt 29:20; Ju 2:15; 2 S 18:32; Je 21:10 + 8 times Je, Am 9:4; Zc 1:15; Pr 6:18; Ec 5:12; בְּרָעָתֶ֑ךָ 2 S 16:8 in thy mischief; בְּרָעָה Ex 32:12 (J) for mischief; רָעָה רַבָּה Ec 2:21; רָעָה חוֹלָה Ec 5:12, 15. 3. ethical evil, 1 S 12:17, 19; 24:12; 26:18; Is 47:10; Je 2:19 + 13 times Je, + 18 times, + foll.: עָשָׂה (הָ)רָעָה Gn 39:9; Dt 31:18 (J) + 5 times + Je 18:10 (Kt, but Qr רע); מַעֲשֵׂה רעה Ec 8:11; אהב רעה Mi 3:2 (Kt); שׁוּב מרעה Je 18:8; 23:14; 44:5; בִּעֵר רעה מ׳ Ju 20:13 (v ii. רַע 3); מִפְּנֵי רָעָה Je 7:12; 44:3; מפני רָעַת רעתכם Ho 10:15; בגלל ר׳ Je 11:17; על כל ר׳ 1:16; 32:32; 33:5; מֵר׳ ψ 107:34 Je 12:4; אַנְשֵׁי רָעָה Pr 24:1.

רָשָׁע263 adj. wicked, criminal;—abs. ר׳ Gn 18:23 +; pl. רְשָׁעִים Is 13:11 +; cstr. רִשְׁעֵי ψ 75:9 + 3 times; fs. רְשָׁעָה Ez 3:18 (del. Co), v 19 (רָשָׁע Co);— †1. usually as subst., one guilty of crime, deserving punishment; sometimes also wicked; opp. צַדִּיק; רָשָׁע Ex 2:13; 23:1 (E), Dt 25:2; Pr 17:23; 18:5; 25:5; Jb 9:22, 24; coll. Gn 18:23, 25(×2) (J) Mi 6:10; Pr 3:33; 28:4, רשׁעים 1 S 24:14; Je 5:26; Pr 19:28; 20:26; 29:12, אנשׁים רשׁעים 2 S 4:11 (murderers), רָשָׁע לָמוּת Nu 35:31 (P) guilty of death, מוֹשֵׁל ר׳ Pr 28:15, cf. 29:2, הִצְדִּיק ר׳ Ex 23:7 (E) Is 5:23; Pr 17:15; הִרְשִׁעַ ר׳ Dt 25:1 1 K 8:32 = השׁיב לְרָשָׁע 2 Ch 6:23; אמר לר׳ צַדִּיק Pr 24:24. 2. guilty of hostility to God or his people, wicked enemies: רשׁע sg. ψ 17:13 + 6 times ψψ, Is 26:10; coll. ψ 9:6, 17; 10:2 + 6 times ψψ, Is 11:4 Hb 3:13; רשׁעים ψ 3:8; 7:10; 9:18 + 5 times ψψ, Is 48:22; 57:20, 21 Je 25:31 Ez 21:34 Mal 3:21 (+ (poss.) other cases; often hard to decide); specif. of Pharaoh Ex 9:27 (J), Babylon Is 13:11; 14:5, Chaldeans Hb 1:4, 13; ‖ שׂנְאֵי יהוה 2 Ch 19:2. 3. guilty of sin, against either God or man, wicked: האנשׁים הרשׁעים Nu 16:26 (J, rebellious Korahites), Mal 3:18 (not serving י׳), opp. צַדִּיק; sg. indiv. Ez 3:18(×2); 21:30; 33:8(×2) ψ 11:5; 32:10 Pr 9:7 +; coll. Is 3:11 Jb 34:18; 36:6, 17; pl. רשׁעים Is 53:9 Je 23:19 = 30:23, Zp 1:3 ψ 26:5; Pr 10:3; Ec 8:10 +; ‖ חסידים 1 S 2:9 (poem), ψ 12:9; 50:16; 97:10; 145:20; ‖ עֹזְבֵי תוֹרָתֶ֑ךָ 119:53, cf. v 61, +; †אדם ר׳ Pr 11:7; Jb 20:29; 27:13; אִישׁ ר׳ Pr 21:29; מלאך ר׳ 13:17; זֶרַע רשׁעים ψ 37:28; †עֲצַת רשׁעים 1:1; Jb 10:3; 21:16; 22:18; †דֶּרֶךְ רשׁעים Je 12:1 ψ 1:6; 146:9; Pr 4:19; 12:26; דֶּרֶךְ רשׁע 15:9; מִדַּרְכּוֹ הָֽרְשָׁעָה Ez 3:18, 19 (but v. Co, supr.); †רִשְׁעֵי (ה)ארץ ψ 75:9; 101:8; 119:119 Ez 7:21 (𝔊 Co עריצי).—רָשָׁע is rare before exile; chiefly Ez ψψ WisdLit.

I. רַע226 I. רַע226 adj. bad, evil (distinction from n., and vb. Pf. 3 ms., is sometimes not easy, and opinions differ);—ms. רַע Gn 6:5 +; רָ֑ע 31:24 +; pl. רָעִים 13:13 +; cstr. רָעֵי Ez 7:24 (del. Co); fs. רָעָה Gn 37:2 + 37 times (this form usually noun), pl. רָעוֹת 28:8 + 14 times; רָעֹת 41:27 (18 times noun);— †1. bad, disagreeable, malignant: of a woman, רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי Ex 21:8 (E; perhaps, with changed accent, vb. 3 fs. רָ֫עָה) disagreeable, unpleasing in the eyes of, pl. Gn 28:8 (P); of poisionous herb 2 K 4:41, malignant boils Dt 28:35; Jb 2:7, diseases Dt 7:15; 28:59; 2 Ch 21:19 Ec 6:2, deadly sword ψ 144:10, arrows Ez 5:16, severe judgments 14:21, wonders Dt 6:22; מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים ψ 78:49 = fierce messengers (of God; Ew§ 287 a Ges§ 130 e), wild beasts Gn 37:20, 33 (JE) Lv 26:6 (H) Ez 5:17; 14:15, 21; 34:25; unclean thing Dt 23:10. †2. bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery: ימים רעים evil days (of trial and hardship) Gn 47:9 (P) Pr 15:15; עִנְיָן רע Ec 1:13; 5:13; עִנְיַן 4:8, cf. 2:17; 9:3; הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרָע 4:3; הדבר הרע evil report Ex 33:4 (J), so דִּבָּה רָעָה Gn 37:2 (JE) Nu 14:37 (P), שׁם רע Dt 22:14, 19; Ne 6:13, שְׁמוּעָה רָעָה Je 49:23 ψ 112:7; of things: painful discipline Pr 15:10, evil occurrence 1 K 5:18, evil(-bringing) net Ec 9:12, instruments Is 32:7: כל הדבר הרע Jos 23:15 (D) all evil (injurious) things; רַע it is bad, harmful Is 3:11; Je 2:19; of speech, דבּר, רע או טוב Gn 24:50 (J) in prov., speak bad or good = anything at all, טטוב עד רע 31:24, 29 (E), לְמֵרָע ועד טוב 2 S 13:22, of the divine spirit as producing an ecstatic state of frenzy and violence 1 S 16:14, 15, 16, 23; 18:10; 19:9 (see רוּחַ 9). †3. evil, displeasing עָשָׂה רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵי סַרְנֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים 1 S 29:7. †4. bad of its kind, land Nu 13:19 (J), place 20:5 (JE), waters 2 K 2:19, figs Je 24:2, 3(×2), 8, kine Gn 41:3, 4, 19, 20, 21, 27 (E), מוּם רע Dt 15:21, cf. 17:1. †5. bad, i. e. of low value Lv 27:10(×2), 12, 14, 33 (H), cf. Mal 1:8(×2); רַע רַע יֹאמַר הַקּוֹנֶה Pr 20:14(×2). †6. + מִן comp., worse than, 2 S 19:8; as superl., רָעֵי גוֹיִם Ez 7:24 worst of nations (del. Co). †7. sad, unhappy: לֶב־רָ֑ע sad heart (cf. opp. טוב, יטב) Pr 25:20; of face Gn 40:7 (E) Ne 2:2; רע לְפָנָין v 1. †8. הָשַׁב מַחֲשֶׁבֶת(ה)רָעָה devise evil (hurtful) device Ez 38:10; Est 9:25. †9. bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper: וְלֵב־רָ֑ע when the mind is vicious, harmful Pr 26:23; רַע עָ֑יִן one evil of eye Pr 23:6; 28:22; רוּחַ רָעָה Ju 9:23 bad temper. 10. ethically bad, evil, wicked: †a. in gen., אם טוב ואם רע Ec 12:14 whether good or bad. †b. of persons, אישׁ רע 1 S 30:22; אדם רע ψ 140:2; המן הרע הזה Est 7:6 this wicked Haman, so רָ֑ע = evil man ψ 10:15, Jb 21:30; Pr 11:21; 12:13; 24:20, רָעִים = evil men Gn 13:13 (J) Je 6:29; 15:21; Ez 30:12 Jb 35:12; Pr 4:14; 12:12; 14:19; 15:3; רָעוֹת evil women Je 2:33; שׁכנים רעים 12:14 evil neighbours; of הַדּוֹר Dt 1:35, הָעָם Je 13:10; הָעֵדָה Nu 14:27, 35 (P), המשׁפחה Je 8:3; רַע כְּעֵינֵי י׳ wicked in the eyes of י׳ Gn 38:7 (JE) = 1 Ch 2:3; עָשָׂה הָרָע בְּעֵינֵי י׳ Nu 32:13 (R) Dt 4:25; 9:18; 17:2; 31:29; Ju 2:11 + 48 times, + (c. sf. of God) 2 K 21:15 Is 65:12; 66:4; Je 7:30; 32:30 ψ 51:6; 2 S 12:9, prob. also Je 18:10 (read הָרָע for הָרָעָה). c. of thoughts, יֵצֶר Gn 6:5; 8:21 (J), הַלֵּב הָרָע Je 3:17; 7:24; 11:8; 16:12; 18:12; words, רעות Pr 15:28. d. deeds, actions, עשׂה (כ)דבר הרע Dt 13:12; 17:5; 19:20; Ne 13:17; עשׂה הרעות Je 3:5; דבר רע ψ 64:6; 141:4 Ec 8:3, 5; דברים 1 S 2:23; 2 K 17:11; דֶּרֶךְ 1 K 13:33; Je 18:11; 23:22 + 11 times; דרכים 2 K 17:13; 2 Ch 7:14; Ez 20:44; 33:11; 36:31; Zc 1:4; מעשׂינוּ Ezr 9:13; מעללים Zc 1:4 Ne 9:35 (cf. רֹעַ 4); בֶּצַע רע Hb 2:9; מרוצתם Je 23:10; (ה)תועבות (ה)רעות Ez 6:11; 8:9 (del. Co); כִּי רָעוֹת בִּמְגוּרָם ψ 55:16 for evil deeds are in their dwelling.

II. רַע126 n.m. Jb 30:26 evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity;—abs. רַע Nu 11:1 +, בְּרָע Ex 5:19 +, רָ֑ע Gn 48:16 +;— †1. evil, distress, adversity: יָרֵא רַע fear evil ψ 23:4 Zp 3:15; בּוֹרֵא רָ֑ע Is 45:7 (of God), הביא רע 31:2; מתאננים רַע Nu 11:1 (J) murmuring respecting distress (see Di); אם טוב ואם רע Je 42:6 whether prosperity or adversity; יוֹם רע Am 6:3 day of calamity; יְמֵי רע ψ 49:6; 94:13; כי טוב קויתי ויבא רע Jb 30:26; בְּרָע in adversity Ex 5:19 (E) ψ 10:6; יִפֹּל בְּרָ֑ע Pr 13:17; אֶרְאֶה בָרָ֑ע Gn 44:34 (J); בכל־רע Pr 5:14, מכל רע Gn 48:16 (E) ψ 121:7; v. also Mi 1:12 ψ 140:12 Jb 5:19; 31:29; Pr 12:21; 19:23. †2. evil, injury, wrong: Hb 2:9; Jb 2:10; Pr 21:10; עשׂה רע, + עִם pers. Gn 31:29 (E); ל pers. Je 39:12; as obj. of חשּׁב Ho 7:15, חרשׁ Pr 6:14; 12:20; 14:22, השׁיב ψ 54:7, גמל 7:5 Pr 31:12, בקּשׁ 17:11, שׁלּם 20:22, אמר ψ 41:6, דבּר 109:20; דבּר בְּרָע 73:8 speak about injury; לֹא יִתְנַכֵּא טוֹב כִּי אִם רָ֑ע 1 K 22:8, 18 = 2 Ch (18:7 לְרָעָה), 18:17 לְרָ֑ע; לרע for harm, injury Is 59:7; Je 7:6; 25:7 ψ 56:6 Pr 1:16; 21:12; Ec 8:9; רַע יֵרוֹעַ Pr 11:15 (but read רֹעַ Gr SS, v. Toy). 3. ethical evil, Dt 30:15; 2 S 14:17; Is 5:20; Am 5:14; Mi 7:3 + 10 times; עשׂה רע 2 K 21:9; 2 Ch 12:14; 33:9; Ne 9:28 + 8 times; פֹּעֲלֵי רע Mi 2:1; אהב רע 3:2 (Qr), ψ 52:5; שׂנא רע Am 5:15 ψ 97:10 Pr 8:13; מאס רע ψ 36:5; מאס ברע Is 7:15, 16; בִּעֵר הרע מִן consume evil from Dt 13:6 + 8 times Dt; לֹא יְגֻרְךָ רָ֑ע ψ 5:5 (adj. = evil man Hup De al.); ידע טוב ורע Gn 2:9, 17; 3:5, 22 (all J), Dt 1:39; סר מֵרָע Is 59:15 ψ 34:15; 37:27; Pr 3:7 + 8 times; כי ברע הוא Ex 32:22 (J) he is set on evil; רע רשׁעים ψ 7:10; רע מעללים 1 S 25:3, cf. Mi 3:4 (v. רֹעַ 3); דִּבְרֵי רָע deeds of evil Je 5:28; תַּהְפֻּכוֹת רָ֑ע Pr 2:14; אֹרַח רע ψ 119:101; עֲצַת רע Ez 11:2; מֵחְשְׁבוֹת רע Pr 15:26; אִישׁ רע 29:6; אַנְשֵׁי רע 28:5; אֵשֶׁת רע 6:24 (but read רֵעַ Gr Bi Toy).

[רָעַע98] vb. denom. be evil, bad;— †Qal Pf. 3 ms. רַע Nu 22:34 + 3 times, רָ֑ע 11:10; 3 fs. רָעָה Dt 15:9 (Ex 21:8 v. i. רַע); Impf. 3 ms. יֵרַע (Ges§ 67 p) Gn 21:12 +; 3 fs. תֵּרַע Dt 28:54, 56; 3 mpl. יֵרְעוּ Ne 2:3;— 1. be displeasing: רַע בְּעֵינֵי Nu 11:10; 22:34 (J), Jos 24:15 (E), Je 40:4; Pr 24:18 (c. וְ consec.) impf. יֵרַע בְּעֵינֵי Gn 21:11, 12 (E), 48:17 (J), 1 S 8:6; 18:8; 2 S 11:25; later, וַיֵּרַע אֶל Jon 4:1 or וירע לְ Ne 2:10 (intensified by רָעָה גְדוֹלָה), וַיֵּרַע לִי מְאֹד 13:8. 2. be sad: ירע לבב Dt 15:10; 1 S 1:8; יֵֽרְעוּ פָנַי Ne 2:3. 3. be injurious, evil: וַיֵּרַע לְ ψ 106:32 it went ill with Moses, pers. subj. 2 S 20:6; רַעָה עַיִן be grudging, c. ב pers., Dt 15:9; 28:54, 56. 4. be evil, wicked, ethically: וַיֵּרַע בְּעֵינֵי י׳ Gn 38:10 (J); 2 S 11:27; Is 59:15; בְּעֵינֵי אֱלֹהִים 1 Ch 21:7. †Niph. suffer hurt: Impf. 3 ms. יֵרוֹעַ (רַע) Pr 11:15; 13:20. Hiph. 70 Pf. 3 ms. הֵרַע Ex 5:23 +; 2 ms. הֲרֵעוֹתָ 1 K 17:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָרֵעַ Zp 1:12, וַיָּ֫רַע 1 K 16:25; 2 ms. תָּרַע ψ 44:3 +, etc. inf. abs. הָרֵעַ 1 S 12:25 1 Ch 21:17; cstr.הָרַע Gn 31:7 + 8 times, הָרֵ֑עַ Is 1:16 + 4 times; Pt. מֵרַע Is 9:16; Pr 17:4; pl. מְרֵעִים Is 1:4 +;— 1. do an injury, hurt: abs. Gn 44:5 (J), Is 11:9 = 65:25; Je 31:28; Pr 4:16; 24:8; opp. היטיב Is 41:23; Je 10:5; Zp 1:12 (all in prov. phr. = do anything at all, cf. רָע 2); הרע ל Gn 19:9; 43:6; Ex 5:22, 23; Nu 11:11 (J) 20:15; Jos 24:20 (E) + 5 times; c. acc. pers. Nu 16:15 (J) + 4 times; c. בְּ, 1 Ch 16:22 = ψ 105:15 (c. ל), Je 25:29 ψ 74:3; c. עִמָּדִי Gn 31:7 (E); c. על 1 K 17:20; c. ל + inf. Je 16:12; swear לְהָרַע, = to one’s hurt, ψ 15:4; Lv 5:4 (P); Pt. = subst. לְבָבָם לְמֵרָע Dn 11:27 (shall be) for mischief. 2. do evil, wickedly: abs. Gn 19:7 (J) 1 S 12:25(×2) + 6 times; opp. היטיב Je 4:22; 13:23; c. מִן comp., 1 K 14:9; 16:25; 2 K 21:11; Je 7:26; 16:12; c. acc. הֵרֵעוּ מַעַלְלֵיהֶם Mi 3:4, cf. 1 S 25:3; Pt. מֵרַע evil doer, Is 9:16; Pr 17:4; pl. Je 20:13; 23:14 ψ 27:2 + 7 times; זֶרַע מ׳ Is 1:4; 14:20; בית מ׳ 31:2; עֲדַת מ׳ ψ 22:17; קְהַל מ׳ 26:5; סוֹד מ׳ 64:3.

πονηρός, ά, όν, in physical sense, oppressed by toils, πονηρότατος καὶ ἄριστος, of Heracles, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 of things, toilsome, painful, grievous, ἔργα Refs 8th c.BC+ __II in bad case, in sorry plight, useless, good-for-nothing, σύμμαχοιRefs 5th c.BC+; κύων, ἱππάριον, Refs 5th c.BC+; δίαιτα, τροφή, σιτία, injurious, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. σῶμα, opposed to χρηστόν, Refs; π. σκώμματα sorry jests, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. πράγματα a bad state of things, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἀρχὴ τῆς παιδείας a bad beginning, Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb, -ρῶς ἔχειν to be in bad case, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. διακεῖσθαι, διατεθῆναι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III in moral sense, worthless, knavish, φήμη, βίος, ζόη, Refs 5th c.BC+; πονηρὸς.. κἀκ πονηρῶν rogue and son of rogues, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὦ πόνῳ πονηρέ in a comic jingle, Refs; π. πόρρω τέχνης past master in knavery, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. [ῥῆμα] malicious, NTwickednesses, LXX+5th c.BC+; δόλῳ πονηρῷ, Latin dolo malo, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ὁ π. the evil one, NT+4th c.AD+ __III.2 base, cowardly, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. χρώματα, i.e. the coward's hue, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 with a political connotation, of the baser sort, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to καλοὶ κἀγαθοί, Refs 5th c.BC+ —On the variation of accent, πονηρός and πόνηρος, see at {μοχθηρός} near the end

κᾰκός, ή, όν, __A bad: __A.I of persons, __A.I.1 of appearance, ugly, εἶδος μὲν ἔην κακός Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.I.2 of birth, ill-born, mean, γένος ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων.., ἐπεὶ οὔ κε κακοὶ τοιούσδε τέκοιεν Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.I.3 of courage, craven, base, Refs 8th c.BC+; Ἕκτωρ σε κ. καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐδαμῶν κακίονεςRefs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.4 bad of his kind, i. e. worthless, sorry, unskilled, ἡνίοχοι Refs 8th c.BC+; [τοξότης] ἢ κ. ἢ ἀγαθόςRefs 8th c.BC+; κ. ἀλήτης a bad beggar,Refs 4th c.BC+; κυβερνήτης, ναύτης, Refs 5th c.BC+ I am not bad in all things, Refs 8th c.BC+: with infinitive, κ. μανθάνειν Refs; [νῆσος] φυτεύεσθαι κακή Refs; compare 11. __A.I.5 in moral sense, base, evil, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to Χρηστός, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.6 wretched, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __A.II of things, evil, pernicious, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; Χόλος, ἔρις, Refs 8th c.BC+; πόλεμος, ἔπος, ἔργα, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἦμαρ, ἄνεμος, Refs 8th c.BC+; of omens and the like, unlucky, ὄρνις, ὄναρ, σῆμα, Refs 8th c.BC+; of words, abusive, foul, κ. λόγοι Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ποιμήν, i.e. the storm, Refs 4th c.BC+: Astrology texts, unlucky, τόποι Refs 4th c.AD+; κ. τύχη, name for the sixth region, Refs 4th c.AD+ __B κακόν, τό, and κακά, τά, as substantive, evil, ill, δίδου δ᾽ ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε Refs 8th c.BC+; so κ. ἄμαχον, ἄπρηκτα, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔκπαγλον, ἄφερτον, ἀμήχανον, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; κακὸν ἥκει τινί there's trouble in store for some one, Refs 5th c.BC+; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν the least of two evils, Refs 5th c.BC+; κακῶν Ἰλιάς, see at {Ἰλιά; κακόν τι ῥέξαι τινά} to do harm or ill to any one, Refs 8th c.BC+; κακὰ φέρειν, τεύχειν τινί, Refs 8th c.BC+; κακόν τι (or κακὰ) ποιεῖν τινα (see. δράω, ποιέω, ἐργάζομαι); κακὸν πάσχειν ὑπό τινος to suffer evil from one, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 κακά, τά, evil words, reproaches, πολλά τε καὶ κακὰ λέγειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 Philos., κακόν, τό, Evil, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __B.4 of a person, pest, nuisance, τουτὶ παρέξει τὸ κ. ἡμῖν πράγματα Refs 5th c.BC+; also, comically, ὅσον συνείλεκται κακὸν ὀρνέων what a devil of a lot of birds, Refs __C degrees of Comparison: __C.1 regular comparative in Epic dialect, κακώτερος Refs 8th c.BC+: also in late Prose, Refs 4th c.AD+: irregular κακίων, ον [with ῐ], Refs 8th c.BC+, with ῑ in Trag., except Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.2 superlative κάκιστος Refs 8th c.BC+ __D adverb κακῶς ill, ἢ εὖ ἦε κακῶς Refs 8th c.BC+; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινα to treat one ill; κακῶς ποιεῖν τι to hurt, damage a thing; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινά τι to do one any evil or harm; κ. πράσσειν to fare ill, Refs 5th c.BC+; of illness, NT+4th c.BC+; Χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; with play on two senses, ὡς κ. ἔχει ἅπας ἰατρός, ἂν κ. μηδεὶς ἔχῃ Refs 3rd c.BC+; κ. ἐρεῖν τινά, λέγειν τὴν πόλιν, Refs 6th c.BC+; κ. εἰδότες, ={ἀγνοοῦντες}, Refs 5th c.BC+; κακῶς ἐκπέφευγα I have barely escaped, Refs 4th c.BC+: comparative κάκιον Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative κάκιστα Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.2 adverb and adjective frequently coupled in Trag., Attic dialect, etc., κακὸν κακῶς νιν.. ἐκτρῖψαι βίον NT+5th c.BC+; in reversed order, ὥσπερ ἀξία κακῶς κακὴ θανεῖται Refs 5th c.BC+; with intervening words, κακῶς.. ἀπόλλυσθαι κακούς Refs 5th c.BC+. (Perh. cognate with Avest. kasu-, comparative kasyah-, superlative kasišta- 'small', Lithuanian nukašëti 'grow feeble, thin', Refs 1st c.BC+ hager.)

† [רָשַׁע] vb. denom. be wicked, act wickedly;— Qal Pf. 1 s. רָשַׁעְתִּי 2 S 22:22 +, רָשָׁ֑עְנוּ 1 K 8:47 +; Impf. 2 ms. תִּרְשַׁע Ec 7:17; 1 s. אֶרְשָׁ֑ע Jb 9:29; 10:7;— 1. be wicked, act wickedly, 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37; Dn 9:15; Ec 7:17; + מֵאֱלֹהָי 2 S 22:22 (in departing) from my God = ψ 18:22. 2. be guilty, Jb 9:29; 10:7, 15. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִרְשִׁיעַ 2 Ch 20:35; 3 mpl. הִרְשִׁיעוּ Dt 25:1; Dn 12:10; 1 pl. הִרְשַׁעְנוּ 9:5, etc.: Impf. 3 ms. יַרְשִׁיעַ Pr 12:2 +; יַרְשִׁעַ Jb 34:29; 3 mpl. יַרְשִׁיעֻן Ex 22:8, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַרְשִׁיעַ 1 K 8:32; 2 Ch 22:3; Pt. מַרְשִׁיעַ Pr 17:15; pl. cstr. מַרְשִׁיעֵי Dn 11:32;— 1. condemn as guilty, in civil relations, c. acc. Ex 22:8 (E) Dt 25:1 ψ 94:21; Jb 34:17; Pr 17:15. 2. condemn as guilty, in ethical and religious relations, c. acc. 1 K 8:32; Jb 9:20; 10:2; 15:6; 32:3; 40:8 ψ 37:33; Pr 12:2; Is 50:9; 54:17, abs. Jb 34:29. 3. act wickedly (late), in ethics and religion: Jb 34:12 (denied of י׳), Ne 9:33; Dn 12:10; 2 Ch 22:3; ‖ חטא ψ 106:6 Dn 9:5; הרשׁיע לעשׂות 2 Ch 20:35; מַרְשִׁיעֵי בְרִית Dn 11:32.—יַרְשִׁיעַ 1 S 14:47 read יִוָּשֵׁעַ 𝔊 Capp We Dr Bu HPS.

† רֹעַ n.[m.] badness, evil;—ר׳ abs. Gn 41:19 + 4 times Je; cstr. Ho 9:15 + 13 times;— 1. badness, bad quality, of cattle Gn 41:19 (E), figs Je 24:2, 3, 8; 29:17. 2. wilfulness, רֹעַ לבב 1 S 17:28 (Gerber161 makes 2 and 4 [inf. of] vb.). 3. ethical, evil, badness, only in phr.: רֹעַ מעללים evil of doings Dt 28:20; Is 1:16; Je 4:4; 21:12; 23:2, 22; 25:5; 26:3; 44:22; Ho 9:15 ψ 28:4 (cf. רַע מעללים 1 S 25:3). 4. sadness, ר׳ פָּנִים Ec 7:3, ר׳ לֵב Ne 2:2 (cf. [רַעַע] 2).

Included with: κᾰκός, ή, όν, __A bad: __A.I of persons, __A.I.1 of appearance, ugly, εἶδος μὲν ἔην κακός Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.I.2 of birth, ill-born, mean, γένος ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων.., ἐπεὶ οὔ κε κακοὶ τοιούσδε τέκοιεν Refs 8th c.BC+ __A.I.3 of courage, craven, base, Refs 8th c.BC+; Ἕκτωρ σε κ. καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐδαμῶν κακίονεςRefs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.4 bad of his kind, i. e. worthless, sorry, unskilled, ἡνίοχοι Refs 8th c.BC+; [τοξότης] ἢ κ. ἢ ἀγαθόςRefs 8th c.BC+; κ. ἀλήτης a bad beggar,Refs 4th c.BC+; κυβερνήτης, ναύτης, Refs 5th c.BC+ I am not bad in all things, Refs 8th c.BC+: with infinitive, κ. μανθάνειν Refs; [νῆσος] φυτεύεσθαι κακή Refs; compare 11. __A.I.5 in moral sense, base, evil, Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to Χρηστός, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.6 wretched, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __A.II of things, evil, pernicious, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; Χόλος, ἔρις, Refs 8th c.BC+; πόλεμος, ἔπος, ἔργα, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἦμαρ, ἄνεμος, Refs 8th c.BC+; of omens and the like, unlucky, ὄρνις, ὄναρ, σῆμα, Refs 8th c.BC+; of words, abusive, foul, κ. λόγοι Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ποιμήν, i.e. the storm, Refs 4th c.BC+: Astrology texts, unlucky, τόποι Refs 4th c.AD+; κ. τύχη, name for the sixth region, Refs 4th c.AD+ __B κακόν, τό, and κακά, τά, as substantive, evil, ill, δίδου δ᾽ ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε Refs 8th c.BC+; so κ. ἄμαχον, ἄπρηκτα, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔκπαγλον, ἄφερτον, ἀμήχανον, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; κακὸν ἥκει τινί there's trouble in store for some one, Refs 5th c.BC+; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν the least of two evils, Refs 5th c.BC+; κακῶν Ἰλιάς, see at {Ἰλιά; κακόν τι ῥέξαι τινά} to do harm or ill to any one, Refs 8th c.BC+; κακὰ φέρειν, τεύχειν τινί, Refs 8th c.BC+; κακόν τι (or κακὰ) ποιεῖν τινα (see. δράω, ποιέω, ἐργάζομαι); κακὸν πάσχειν ὑπό τινος to suffer evil from one, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 κακά, τά, evil words, reproaches, πολλά τε καὶ κακὰ λέγειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 Philos., κακόν, τό, Evil, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __B.4 of a person, pest, nuisance, τουτὶ παρέξει τὸ κ. ἡμῖν πράγματα Refs 5th c.BC+; also, comically, ὅσον συνείλεκται κακὸν ὀρνέων what a devil of a lot of birds, Refs __C degrees of Comparison: __C.1 regular comparative in Epic dialect, κακώτερος Refs 8th c.BC+: also in late Prose, Refs 4th c.AD+: irregular κακίων, ον [with ῐ], Refs 8th c.BC+, with ῑ in Trag., except Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.2 superlative κάκιστος Refs 8th c.BC+ __D adverb κακῶς ill, ἢ εὖ ἦε κακῶς Refs 8th c.BC+; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινα to treat one ill; κακῶς ποιεῖν τι to hurt, damage a thing; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινά τι to do one any evil or harm; κ. πράσσειν to fare ill, Refs 5th c.BC+; of illness, NT+4th c.BC+; Χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; with play on two senses, ὡς κ. ἔχει ἅπας ἰατρός, ἂν κ. μηδεὶς ἔχῃ Refs 3rd c.BC+; κ. ἐρεῖν τινά, λέγειν τὴν πόλιν, Refs 6th c.BC+; κ. εἰδότες, ={ἀγνοοῦντες}, Refs 5th c.BC+; κακῶς ἐκπέφευγα I have barely escaped, Refs 4th c.BC+: comparative κάκιον Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative κάκιστα Refs 5th c.BC+ __D.2 adverb and adjective frequently coupled in Trag., Attic dialect, etc., κακὸν κακῶς νιν.. ἐκτρῖψαι βίον NT+5th c.BC+; in reversed order, ὥσπερ ἀξία κακῶς κακὴ θανεῖται Refs 5th c.BC+; with intervening words, κακῶς.. ἀπόλλυσθαι κακούς Refs 5th c.BC+. (Perh. cognate with Avest. kasu-, comparative kasyah-, superlative kasišta- 'small', Lithuanian nukašëti 'grow feeble, thin', Refs 1st c.BC+ hager.)

—

ἄδῐκος, ον, (δίκη) of persons, wrongdoing, unrighteous, unjust: ἄνθρωποιRefs 8th c.BC+: superlative -ώτατοςRefs 5th c.BC+ unjust in a thing, ἔς τινα towards a person, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄ. [ἐν τῷ ἀστραγαλίζειν] one who plays unfairly, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, so unjust as to. NT.Heb.6.10. __2 ἄ. ἵπποι obstinate, unmanageable, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄ. γνάθος the hard mouth of a horse, Refs __II of things, unjust, unrighteous, ἔργαRefs 8th c.BC+; ἄ. λόγος frequently in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀ. begin an assault, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ δίκαιον καὶ τὸ ἄ., τὰ δίκαια καὶ τὰ ἄ. right and wrong, Refs 5th c.BC+; πλοῦτος ἄ. ill-gotten, unrighteous, LXX+5th c.BC+; ἡ ἄ... συναγωγὴ ἀνδρὸς καὶ γυναικός the unrighteous union, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄ. δίκη vexatious suit, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 of the punishment of wrongdoing, Ζεὺς νέμων ἄδικα κακοῖςRefs 5th c.BC+ __III ἄ. ἡμέρα, i.e. ἄνευ δικῶν, a day on which the courts were shut, Refs 2nd c.AD+ who has not appeared in court, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV adverb -κωςRefs 6th c.BC+; εἴτε ὦν δὴ δικαίως εἴτε ἀ. jure an injuria, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἀ. not without reason, Refs 5th c.BC+

κᾰκία, ἡ, (κακός) badness in quality, opposed to ἀρετή (excellence), Refs 6th c.BC+; κακίᾳ ἡνιόχων by their incapacity, Refs defects, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 cowardice, faint-heartedness, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 moral badness, vice, μετ᾽ ἀρετῆς ἀλλ᾽ οὐ μετὰ κακίας Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἀρετή, ὡσαύτως δὲ.. καὶ ἡ κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; personified in the Fable of Prodicus, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 Philos., Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II ill-repute, dishonour, κ. ἀντιλαβεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 hurt, damage done or suffered, LXX+NT

ἀσεβ-ής, ές, (σέβω) ungodly, unholy, profane, sacrilegious, opposed to εὐσεβής, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν ἀσεβῆ, of Oedipus, Refs 5th c.BC+ against them, Refs 5th c.BC+adverb -βῶς, superlative -έσταταRefs 2nd c.AD+

† II. [רָעַע] vb. break (Aramaic loan-word = Heb. רָצַץ q.v.);— Qal Pf. 3 pl. רָעוּ Je 11:16; Impf. 3 ms. יָרֹעַ Je 15:12; Jb 34:24, 2 ms. sf. תְּרֹעֵם ψ 2:9 (but v. infr.); inf. abs. רֹ֫עָה Is 24:19 (del. ה as dittogr. and read רֹעַ, v. Hithpōʿ.); Pt. f. רֹעָה (? for רֹעֲעָה) Pr 25:19:— 1. trans. הֲיָרֹעַ כַּרְזֶל בַּרְזֶל וגו׳ Je 15:12 can one break iron, iron out of the north? cf. יָרֹעַ כַּבִּירִים Jb 34:24; תְּרֹעֵם בְּשֵׁבֶט בַּרְזֶל ψ 2:9 (but read תִּרְעֵם, v. I. רעה, 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Hup-Now al.). 2. intrans. break = be broken, of branches Je 11:16 (in fig.; Gf Or al.; > Hi Gie are in a sad state, √ I. רעע); שֵׁן רֹעָה Pr 25:19 a broken tooth (ר׳ = רֹעֲעָה?; Frankenb Niph. Pt. נְרָעָה, cf. Toy, but Niph. not elsewhere; Vrss רָעָה bad).—רֹ֫עוּ Is 8:9 read דְּעוּ (𝔊 Lo Che al., ‖ הַאֲזִינוּ). Hithpōʿ. Pf. 3 fs. + Qal inf. abs. (v. supr.) רֹעַ הִתְרֹעֲעָה הָארץ Is 24:19 the earth is broken asunder (‖ פּוֹר הִתְפּוֹרְרָה, מוֹט הִתְמוֹטְטָה); also inf. cstr. לְהִתְרוֹעֵעַ Pr 18:24 will be broken in pieces (Ges§ 114 i), ruined, De al., but לְהִתְרָעוֹת Vrss Toy al., v. רָעָה²" dir="rtl" >II. רעה Hithp. (see, however, DrExpos. Times xi (1899–1900), 230 f.).

φαῦλος, η, ον, also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+:— cheap, easy, slight, paltry, first found commonly in Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb φαύλωςRefs 4th c.BC+ __I of things, easy, slight, φ. ἀθλήσας πόνον Refs 5th c.BC+; φαυλότατον ἔργον ''tis as easy as lying', Refs 5th c.BC+; οὔτοι βασιλέα φαῦλόν [ἐστι] κτανεῖν 'tis no slight matter to kill a king, Refs 5th c.BC+; νυκτὸς γὰρ οὔτι φ. ἐμβαλεῖν στρατόν no easy matter, Refs 4th c.BC+; φαῦλα ἐπιφέρειν bring paltry charges, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ φ. νικήσας ἔχω have gained petty victories, Refs 5th c.BC+; σύμμαχον Τροίᾳ μολόντα Ῥῆσον οὐ φαύλῳ τρόπῳ, i. e. with no trivial force, Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb -λως εὑρεῖν, τυχεῖν,Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἐκφυγεῖν to get off easily, Refs; οὔτι φαύλως ἦλθε with no trivial force, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰς ἐλπίδας φ. ἔχειν to be slight, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I.2 simple, ordinary, δίαιτα Refs 5th c.BC+; but frequently with sense poor, indifferent, στρατιά Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀσπίδες, τείχισμα, παρασκευή, Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb -λως, διατρίβειν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 mean, bad, πρῆξις NT+5th c.BC+evil, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ φ., opposed to τὰ ἀγαθά, Refs 5th c.BC+; τύχη φ., opposed to ἀγαθή, Refs 4th c.BC+; κομίσασθαι.. εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε φ., of rewards and punishments, NT+2nd c.AD+ __II of persons, low in rank, mean, common, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ φαυλότατοι the commonest sort (of soldiers), Refs 5th c.BC+; [γάμος] ὁ ἐκ τῶν φαυλοτέρων, opposed to ἐκ μειζόνων, Refs 5th c.BC+; of outward looks, αἱ φαυλότεραι the plainer ones, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 inefficient, bad, διδάσκαλος Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ φ. καὶ τὸ μέσον καὶ τὸ πάνυ ἀκριβές the inefficient, the middling, and the perfect, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. αὐλητής, opposed to ἀγαθός, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to σπουδαῖος, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in point of education and accomplishments, opposed to σοφός, οἱ γὰρ ἐν σοφοῖς φαῦλοι παρ᾽ ὄχλῳ μουσικώτεροι λέγειν Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ -ότεροι, opposed to to οἱ ξυνετώτεροι, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ φαυλότεροι γνώμηνRefs 5th c.BC+ (so in adverb, φαυλοτέρως πεπαιδευμένοι Refs; generally, inferior, Refs: with infinitive, φαῦλοι μάχεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. λέγειν, φ. διαλεχθῆναι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 careless, thoughtless, indifferent, Refs 5th c.BC+ —especially in adverb, φαύλως ἐκρίνατε judged lightly, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. παραινεῖν off-hand, Refs; λόγισαι φαύλως μὴ ψήφοις ἀλλ᾽ ἀπὸ χειρός off-hand, roughly, Refs 5th c.BC+ (anapaest meter); φ. εἰπεῖν casually, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. φέρειν to bear lightly, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 in good sense, simple, unaffected, φαῦλον, ἄκομψον, τὰ μέγιστ᾽ ἀγαθόν Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -λως, παιδεύειν τινά by a very simple method, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 of health, etc., φαύλως ἔχειν to be ill, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. πράττειν to be in sorry plight, Refs 4th c.BC+

καταλᾰλ-έω, perfect -λελάληκαRefs 2nd c.AD+:—talk, babble loudly, τοῖς θύραζε ταῦτα κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τινος before another, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II talk down, rail at, ἡμᾶς Refs 2nd c.BC+; τινος NT+1st c.BC+; κατά τινοςLXX:—passive, ἐπί τινι Refs 2nd c.BC+; to be outdone in speech, ὑπ᾽ ἰδιωτῶν Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.2 weary by talking, gloss on{καταγλωττίζειν}, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 simply, interview, address a person, Refs 3rd c.BC+

ἄτοπ-ος, ον, out of place, out of the way: hence, __1 unwonted, extraordinary, of symptoms, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄ. ἁδονάRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 strange, paradoxical, δοῦλοι τῶν αἰεὶ ἀτόπων slaves to every new paradox, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄτοπα τῆς σμικρολογίας absurd pettinesses, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄτοπόν ἐστι, with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b of persons, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄ. φαγεῖν given to strange food, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 unnatural, disgusting, foul, πνεῦμαRefs 5th c.BC+; monstrous, ἀτοπώτατον πρᾶγμα ἐξευρώνRefs 5th c.BC+; later, wicked, wrong, LXX+NT; of persons, opposed to χρηστός, Refs 1st c.BC+; of things, bad, harmful, NTadverb -πως in an unfavourable position, κεῖσθαι, of planets, Vett. Val.63.12. __4 adverb -πως marvellously or absurdly, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. καθίζων, ={ἀνυπόπτως}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II non-spatial, τῆς ἰδέας μενούσης ἐν ἀτόπῳ αὐτὸ τόπους γεννῆσανRefs 3rd c.AD+adverb -πως non-spatially, opposed to τοπικῶς, Refs 3rd c.AD+

κᾰκοποι-έω, do ill, play the knave, Refs 5th c.BC+; manage one's affairs ill, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II transitive, do mischief to, injure, πολλὰ μὲν τὴν βασιλέως Χώραν κ. Refs 2nd c.BC+:—passive, Refs

κᾰκουργ-ος, Epic dialect κακοεργός (also late Prose, Refs 3rd c.AD+; δαιμόνια κακοεργά Refs 5th c.AD+, ον, (ἔργον) doing ill, mischievous, knavish, once in Refs 8th c.BC+ importunate, Refs 8th c.BC+. adverb -γωςRefs 2nd c.AD+ __2 as substantive, malefactor, criminal in the eye of the law, NT+5th c.BC+; at Athens, technically, thief, robber, ὁ τῶν κακούργων νόμος Refs 5th c.BC+ __II with genitive, doing harm to, κ. μὲν τῶν ἄλλων, ἑαυτοῦ δὲ πολὺ -ότερος, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, harmful, κ. ἐπιθυμίαιRefs

† [יָרַע] vb. quiver (cf. Arabic وَرَعَ be timid, weak; وَرَعٌ pious fear; 𝔗 יְרַע be disheartened)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. נַפְשׁוֹ יָֽרְעָה לוֹ Is 15:4 his soul quivereth to him, i.e. is in terror and distress.

† [מָאַר] vb. (cf. Arabic مَأَرَ excite hostility, irritate, مَىِٔرَ break open, of a wound);— Hiph. prick, pain Pt. מַמְאִיר Ez 28:24; f. מַמְאֶ֫רֶת Lv 13:51 + 2 times;—of thorn סִלּוֹן מ׳ Ez 28:24 (fig. of oppressors of Isr., ‖ קוֹץ מַכְאִב); elsewhere of leprosy (צָרַעַת) = malignant? Lv 13:51, 52; 14:44 (all P; but Sam. in all these has מרראת, √ מרא = מרה be obstinate, cf. Thes816 b Di).

κᾰκοποι-ός, όν, doing ill, mischievous, ὄνειδος Refs 5th c.BC+; σκεῦος, of a man, Refs 2nd c.BC+; κακοποιοί evil-doers, Refs 4th c.BC+; especially of poisoners and sorcerers, NT; of things, noxious, Χυλός Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ κ. [τῆς ὕλης] Refs 4th c.BC+: Astrology texts, maleficent, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [אָלַח] vb. only Niph. be corrupt morally; tainted (Che ψ 14:3) (cf. Arabic أَلَخَ viii. be confused (of a thing), of milk, turn sour) Pf. 3 pl. נֶאֱלָ֑חוּ ψ 14:3; 53:4; Pt. נֶאֱלָח a corrupt man Jb 15:16.

ἄθεσμος, ον, ={ἀθέσμιος}, LXX+1st c.AD+. adverb -μωςLXX+5th c.AD+

† שָׁלוּ n.f. neglect, remissness (𝔗 id.);—abs. שׁ׳ Ezr 4:22; 6:9 Dn 6:5 + 3:29 Qr; Kt שׁלה usually thought an error for שׁלו; Hi Bev M (perhaps) expl. as שֵׁלָה = שְׁאֵלָה = thing, affair (4:14).

κᾰκοήθ-εια, Ionic dialect -ιη, ἡ, bad disposition, malignity, Refs 5th c.BC+ (-ηθία), NT+5th c.BC+ __II bad manners or habits, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III in Medicine texts, malignant character, τῆς νόσου Refs 4th c.BC+: in plural, malignant diseases or growths, Refs 1st c.AD+

[רָעַע98] vb. denom. be evil, bad;— †Qal Pf. 3 ms. רַע Nu 22:34 + 3 times, רָ֑ע 11:10; 3 fs. רָעָה Dt 15:9 (Ex 21:8 v. i. רַע); Impf. 3 ms. יֵרַע (Ges§ 67 p) Gn 21:12 +; 3 fs. תֵּרַע Dt 28:54, 56; 3 mpl. יֵרְעוּ Ne 2:3;— 1. be displeasing: רַע בְּעֵינֵי Nu 11:10; 22:34 (J), Jos 24:15 (E), Je 40:4; Pr 24:18 (c. וְ consec.) impf. יֵרַע בְּעֵינֵי Gn 21:11, 12 (E), 48:17 (J), 1 S 8:6; 18:8; 2 S 11:25; later, וַיֵּרַע אֶל Jon 4:1 or וירע לְ Ne 2:10 (intensified by רָעָה גְדוֹלָה), וַיֵּרַע לִי מְאֹד 13:8. 2. be sad: ירע לבב Dt 15:10; 1 S 1:8; יֵֽרְעוּ פָנַי Ne 2:3. 3. be injurious, evil: וַיֵּרַע לְ ψ 106:32 it went ill with Moses, pers. subj. 2 S 20:6; רַעָה עַיִן be grudging, c. ב pers., Dt 15:9; 28:54, 56. 4. be evil, wicked, ethically: וַיֵּרַע בְּעֵינֵי י׳ Gn 38:10 (J); 2 S 11:27; Is 59:15; בְּעֵינֵי אֱלֹהִים 1 Ch 21:7. †Niph. suffer hurt: Impf. 3 ms. יֵרוֹעַ (רַע) Pr 11:15; 13:20. Hiph. 70 Pf. 3 ms. הֵרַע Ex 5:23 +; 2 ms. הֲרֵעוֹתָ 1 K 17:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָרֵעַ Zp 1:12, וַיָּ֫רַע 1 K 16:25; 2 ms. תָּרַע ψ 44:3 +, etc. inf. abs. הָרֵעַ 1 S 12:25 1 Ch 21:17; cstr.הָרַע Gn 31:7 + 8 times, הָרֵ֑עַ Is 1:16 + 4 times; Pt. מֵרַע Is 9:16; Pr 17:4; pl. מְרֵעִים Is 1:4 +;— 1. do an injury, hurt: abs. Gn 44:5 (J), Is 11:9 = 65:25; Je 31:28; Pr 4:16; 24:8; opp. היטיב Is 41:23; Je 10:5; Zp 1:12 (all in prov. phr. = do anything at all, cf. רָע 2); הרע ל Gn 19:9; 43:6; Ex 5:22, 23; Nu 11:11 (J) 20:15; Jos 24:20 (E) + 5 times; c. acc. pers. Nu 16:15 (J) + 4 times; c. בְּ, 1 Ch 16:22 = ψ 105:15 (c. ל), Je 25:29 ψ 74:3; c. עִמָּדִי Gn 31:7 (E); c. על 1 K 17:20; c. ל + inf. Je 16:12; swear לְהָרַע, = to one’s hurt, ψ 15:4; Lv 5:4 (P); Pt. = subst. לְבָבָם לְמֵרָע Dn 11:27 (shall be) for mischief. 2. do evil, wickedly: abs. Gn 19:7 (J) 1 S 12:25(×2) + 6 times; opp. היטיב Je 4:22; 13:23; c. מִן comp., 1 K 14:9; 16:25; 2 K 21:11; Je 7:26; 16:12; c. acc. הֵרֵעוּ מַעַלְלֵיהֶם Mi 3:4, cf. 1 S 25:3; Pt. מֵרַע evil doer, Is 9:16; Pr 17:4; pl. Je 20:13; 23:14 ψ 27:2 + 7 times; זֶרַע מ׳ Is 1:4; 14:20; בית מ׳ 31:2; עֲדַת מ׳ ψ 22:17; קְהַל מ׳ 26:5; סוֹד מ׳ 64:3.

† מִרְשַׁ֫עַת n.f. wickedness;—abs. הַמּ׳ 2 Ch 24:7 Athaliah the (embodied) wickedness.