1. exchange, substitute — A thing given or received in place of another; a substitute or replacement, especially in cultic law regarding the exchange of dedicated animals. Used in Lev 27:10,33 for the substitute animal in a vow-offering, in Ruth 4:7 for the act of exchange confirming a transaction, and in Job 20:18,28:17 for the exchange-price or equivalent value of something. Arabic uses badil/badal (بَدِيل/بَدَل, 'substitute/replacement') in Leviticus and muqayada (مُقَايَضَة, 'barter') in Job 20:18. Korean uses daechejmul (대체물, 'substitute') for cultic contexts and gyohwan (교환, 'exchange') for commercial ones. Spanish distinguishes sustituto ('substitute', Lev 27) from intercambio ('exchange', Ruth 4, Job 20,28). Hindi uses adla-badli (अदला-बदली, 'exchange') and vinimay (विनिमय, 'exchange/barter'). Despite these contextual nuances, the core semantic meaning is unified: something given in place of another. 5×
AR["التَّبْدِيلِ","مُقَايَضَتِهِ","وَ-بَدَلُها","وَ-بَدِيلُهُ"]·ben["এবং-তার-পরিবর্তন","এবং-তার-বিনিময়","তার-বিনিময়ের","সেই-বিনিময়"]·DE["[התמורה]","[ותמורתה]","[תמורתו]","und-sein-substitute"]·EN["and-its-exchange","and-its-substitute","his-exchange","the-exchange"]·FR["et-sa-ותמורתה-elle","et-son-substitute","le-échanger","son-תמורתו-lui"]·heb["ה-תמורה","ו-תמורתה","ו-תמורתו","תמורתו"]·HI["उसके-विनिमय-का","और-इसकी-अदला","और-उसका-विनिमय","विनिमय"]·ID["akan-menjadi","dan-gantinya","penggantinya","penukaran"]·IT["e-e-its-exchange-sua","e-suo-substitute","il-exchange","suo-exchange-suo"]·jav["ijol-ijolan-ipun","kang-ijol","lan-gantos-ipun","lan-ijolan-ipun"]·KO["그-교환에","그리고-그것의-대체물이","그리고-그의-교환은","그의-교환의"]·PT["a-troca","e-sua-substituição","e-sua-troca","sua-negociação"]·RU["возмещение-его","и-замена-его","и-обмен-её","обмене"]·ES["de-su-intercambio","el-intercambio","y-su-intercambio","y-su-sustituto"]·SW["kubadilishana","na-kubadilishwa-kwake","na-mbadala-wake","wa-biashara-yake"]·TR["-değişimin","karşılığı","ve-karşılığı"]·urd["اور-بدلہ-اُس-کا","اور-بدلی-اُس-کی","بدلنے","بدلے-اُس-کے"]
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. recompense, retribution — A payment or consequence returned to someone for their deeds, specifically divine retribution. In Job 15:31 the context is that 'emptiness will be his recompense,' where the idea shifts from neutral exchange to moral payback. Arabic uses jaza' (جَزَاء, 'recompense/retribution') rather than the usual badil ('substitute'), signaling a different semantic domain. Korean uses bosang (보상, 'recompense/reward'). Spanish uses recompensa ('recompense'), Hindi uses badli (बदली, 'replacement' shading toward 'payback'). This moral-retributive sense extends the exchange metaphor into the domain of divine justice. 1×
AR["جَزَاؤُهُ"]·ben["তার-প্রতিদান"]·DE["[תמורתו]"]·EN["recompense-his"]·FR["son-תמורתו-lui"]·heb["תמורתו"]·HI["उसकी-बदली"]·ID["balasannya"]·IT["recompense-his-suo"]·jav["gantosipun"]·KO["그의-보상이"]·PT["sua-recompensa"]·RU["возмещением-его"]·ES["su-recompensa"]·SW["malipo-yake"]·TR["karşılığı"]·urd["اُس-کی-تبدیلی"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† תְּמוּרָה n.f. exchange, recompense;—ת׳ Ru 4:7; sf. תְּמוּרָתוֹ Lv 27:10 + 3 times; תְּמוּרָתָהּ Jb 28:17;—exchange = thing acquired by exchange Lv 27:10, 33 Jb 28:17; חֵיל תְּמוּרָתוֹ Jb 20:18 wealth acquired by exchange (fig.; read poss. חֵילוֹ as his wealth (so) his exchange, Bu); recompense (for worldliness) Jb 15:31; abstr. exchanging Ru 4:7 (‖ גְּאוּלָּה).