שֶׁ· H7945
that, because—relative particle introducing clauses, often causal
This particle serves as a late Hebrew relative or causal connector, meaning 'that,' 'which,' or 'because.' It appears in various forms before different consonants, functioning similarly to the more common אֲשֶׁר. Second Kings 6:11 uses it causally ('because of this'). Ecclesiastes 8:17 employs it as a relative ('that which'). Jonah 1:12 has it in 'on my account.' The particle represents linguistic development toward forms common in Mishnaic Hebrew and Aramaic.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The three uses span causal (2 Kings 6:11—'because of this'), relative (Ecclesiastes 8:17—'that which'), and prepositional (Jonah 1:12—'on my account'). Translations often render it contextually as 'because,' 'that,' or incorporate it into larger phrases. The form shows Late Biblical Hebrew influence, with the particle functioning flexibly as connector, causal indicator, or relative marker depending on context. 3×
AR["بِ-سَبَبِي", "بِسَبَبِ", "مِنّا"]·ben["আমাদের-মধ্যে-থেকে", "আমার-কারণে", "কারণে-যে-"]·DE["[בשל]", "[בשלי]", "von-unser"]·EN["because", "from-ours", "on-my-account"]·FR["dans-בשל", "de-le-nôtre", "qui"]·heb["ב-שׁל", "ב-שלי", "מ-שלנו"]·HI["क्योंकि", "मिश्शेल्लानू", "मेरे-कारण"]·ID["dari-antara-kita", "karena", "karena-aku"]·IT["[בשלי]", "da-nostro", "in-perché"]·jav["amargi", "amargi-kula", "saking-kita"]·KO["나-때문에", "때문에-그", "우리-에서"]·PT["de-nós", "por-causa-de", "por-minha-causa"]·RU["из-за-меня", "из-наших", "потому-что"]·ES["de-nosotros", "por-cuanto", "por-mi-causa"]·SW["kwa-sababu", "kwa-sababu-yangu", "miongoni-mwetu"]·TR["benim-yüzümden", "den-bizdenler", "icin-ki"]·urd["میری-وجہ-سے", "کیونکہ", "ہم-میں-سے"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)G1063 1. (1047×)G3778 1. this thing, these things (1003×)H???? 2. (1002×)G2424 1. (924×)G3754 1. that (content clause) (881×)H2009 1. presentative particle: behold, look (881×)H0589 1. I (first person singular pronoun) (874×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
שֶׁ· also (†Gn 6:3 [? v. 4 a], Ju 5:7(×2) Ct 1:7 Jb 19:29 [?]) שַׁ·, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה †Ju 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא †Ec 2:22, שְׁהֵם †3:18 (elsewhere before gutt. שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי †Ct 1:6; Ec 2:18, שֶׁאֵין †ψ 146:3, שֶׁהֵם †Ct 6:5; La 4:9, שֶׁעַל †Ju 7:12; 8:26, שֶׁרֹּאשִׁי †Ct 5:2) rel.part. who, which, that, etc. (constantly in NH; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb371, 445; Assyrian šâ; Ph. אש (regularly),…