H7451a H7451a
Malo, malvado; abarcando corrupción moral, calamidad dañina, mala calidad, fealdad, gravedad feroz y semblante triste.
El adjetivo רַע es una de las palabras con mayor carga teológica de la Biblia hebrea, presente en el diagnóstico mismo de la caída humana: 'todo designio de los pensamientos del corazón del hombre era solo mal continuamente' (Gn 6:5). Sin embargo, su alcance va mucho más allá de la ética. Las vacas flacas de Faraón son רָעוֹת — feas, no pecadoras (Gn 41:3). Una 'enfermedad רָעָה' es maligna, no inmoral (Dt 28:35). El 'semblante רַע' de Nehemías es simplemente triste (Neh 2:2). El árabe distribuye estos sentidos entre شَرّ (mal moral), قَبِيح (feo), شَدِيد (severo) y حَزِين (triste), exponiendo la notable compresión semántica que el hebreo logra con un solo adjetivo.
1. moralmente malo, malvado — Moralmente malo o perverso: describe personas, conductas, corazones o actos como éticamente corruptos. Es el sentido dominante (129 casos), que ancla los grandes juicios morales de la Escritura. Gn 6:5 declara que todo pensamiento del corazón era 'solo mal continuamente', y los historiadores deuteronomistas condenan repetidamente a los reyes que 'hicieron lo malo ante los ojos de Jehová'. 129×
AR["السَّيِّئَةِ", "الـ-شَّرِّيرَةَ", "خَبِيثَةٍ", "رَعَ", "سَيِّءٍ", "سَيِّئٍ", "شَرًّا", "شَرٌّ", "شَرّ", "شِريرٌ", "شِرِّيرًا", "شِرِّيرَاتٌ", "شِرِّيرَةٌ", "قَبيحَةً"]·ben["খারাপ", "মন্দ"]·DE["Boese", "Boeses", "böse", "böse-waren", "böses", "ist-böse"]·EN["evil"]·FR["mal"]·heb["רע", "רעה", "רעים"]·HI["बुरा", "बुराई", "बुरि", "बुरी", "बुरे"]·ID["buas", "buruk", "jahat"]·IT["male"]·jav["ala", "awon"]·KO["나쁘면", "나쁜", "악-을", "악하였다", "악한", "악함"]·PT["mal", "maligna", "malignas", "mau", "má", "más", "é-má"]·RU["зло", "злого", "злое", "злой", "злую", "злые", "злым", "неугодна", "плохи", "плохо"]·ES["mal", "mala", "malas", "maligna", "malignas", "malo"]·SW["baya", "kibaya", "mabaya", "mbaya", "ni-mbaya", "walikuwa-vibaya"]·TR["kötü", "kötülük"]·urd["برا", "برائی", "بری", "بُرا", "بُری", "بُرے"]
Gen 6:5, Gen 8:21, Gen 28:8, Gen 37:2, Gen 38:7, Exod 21:8, Lev 26:6, Num 14:37, Num 24:13, Deut 17:1, Deut 22:14, Deut 22:19 (+38 más)
▼ 5 sentido(s) más abajo
Sentidos
2. mal, daño, calamidad — El mal sustantivado como daño, calamidad o desastre: el uso nominal abstracto donde רָעָה denota desgracia, adversidad o consecuencia destructiva que recae sobre alguien. Deuteronomio advierte que la desobediencia provoca a Dios 'para mal' contra el pueblo (Dt 4:25; 9:18), y los oráculos proféticos de juicio anuncian רָעָה como castigo inminente. 80×
AR["ال-شَّرَّ", "الشَّرَّ", "الـ-شَرَّ"]·ben["-মন্দ", "মন্দ", "মন্দ-", "সেই-অমঙ্গল", "সেই-মন্দ"]·DE["der-Boese", "der-Boeses"]·EN["the-evil"]·FR["le-mal"]·heb["ה-רע"]·HI["-आंखों-में", "बुरा", "बुरा-ה", "बुराई", "बुराई-की", "बुराई-को", "बुरै"]·ID["kejahatan", "kejahatan-itu", "yang jahat", "yang-jahat"]·IT["il-male"]·jav["awon", "ing-awon", "ingkang-awon", "piawon", "piawon-punika", "sang-awon"]·KO["그-악", "그-악을", "그-악한-것-을", "그-악한-것을", "악을", "악한-것을"]·PT["o-mal"]·RU["-зло", "-злое", "зло", "злое"]·ES["el-mal", "lo-malo"]·SW["ubaya", "uovu"]·TR["-kötü", "-kötülüğü", "de-kötüyü", "kotu", "kötü-olanı", "kötülük", "kötülüğü", "kötüyü"]·urd["-برائی", "اُس-برائی", "برائی", "بُرا", "بُرائی", "ہ-بدی"]
Num 32:13, Deut 4:25, Deut 9:18, Deut 17:2, Deut 24:7, Deut 31:29, Judg 2:11, 1 Sam 15:19, 2 Sam 12:9, 1 Kgs 11:6, 1 Kgs 14:22, 1 Kgs 15:26 (+38 más)
3. malo, de mala calidad — Malo en calidad, inútil o inferior: describe cosas deficientes o pobres sin reproche moral. Labán no puede hablar a Jacob 'ni bien ni mal' (Gn 24:50), las vacas escuálidas de Faraón están simplemente en mal estado (Gn 41:21), y Jacob lamenta sus años como 'pocos y malos' (Gn 47:9). El contexto señala evaluación cualitativa, no ética. 19×
AR["الرَّدِيءِ", "بِ-رَدِيءٍ", "رَدِيءًا", "رَدِيءٌ", "رَدِيءٍ", "رَدِيئَةٌ", "سَيِّءٍ", "سَيِّئ", "شَرًّا", "شِرّيراً", "قَبِيحٌ", "وَ-الرَّدِيءُ", "وَ-رَدِيءٍ", "وَسَيِّئَةً"]·ben["-খারাপ", "-তে-মন্দ", "আর-কষ্টকর", "আর-খারাপগুলো", "খারাপ", "মন্দ", "মন্দ;", "মন্দের"]·DE["Boeses", "Böses", "bad", "boese", "fuer-bad", "schlecht", "sind-bad", "und-boese", "und-übel", "zu-bad"]·EN["and-evil", "and-the-bad", "are-bad", "bad", "evil", "for-bad", "the-bad", "to-bad"]·FR["bad", "et-mal", "et-mauvais", "mauvais", "pour-mauvais", "sont-bad", "à-mauvais"]·heb["ב-רע", "ה-רעות", "ו-ה-רעות", "ו-רע", "ל-ה-לרע", "רע", "רעה", "רעות", "רעים"]·HI["और-बुरी", "और-बुरे", "बुरा", "बुरा-है", "बुरी", "में-बुरा", "या-बुरा"]·ID["buruk", "dan-antara-buruk", "dan-buruk", "dan-yang-buruk", "dengan-buruk", "jahat", "jelek", "yang-buruk"]·IT["a-bad", "bad", "cattivo", "e-male", "e-malvagio", "malvagio", "per-bad", "sono-bad"]·jav["ala", "ala;", "awon", "ingkang-awon", "lan-ala", "lan-awon", "lan-ingkang-awon", "mawi-ala"]·KO["그-나쁘", "그리고-그-나쁘-것은", "그리고-나쁜", "나쁘", "나쁘고", "나쁘다", "나쁜", "나쁜-것", "나쁜-것에", "나쁜-것을", "나쁜지", "악한"]·PT["e-maus", "e-os-maus", "feia", "mal", "mau", "maus", "má", "más", "os-maus", "para-mau", "por-mau"]·RU["а-плохие", "злого", "злой", "злом", "и-плохим", "и-тяжёлые", "на-плохого", "плохая", "плохие", "плохим", "плохого", "плохое", "плохой", "худой"]·ES["los-malos", "mala", "mala?", "malas", "malo", "malos", "o-malo", "por-malo", "y-los-malos", "y-malos"]·SW["akamruka-shida", "baya", "kibaya", "kwa-mbaya", "mabaya", "mbaya", "na-mbaya"]·TR["-de-kötü", "-e-kötü", "kotu", "kötü", "ve-kötü", "ve-kötüler", "üne"]·urd["اور-بری", "اور-برے", "برا", "بری", "بری-کے", "بُری", "بُرے", "بُرے-سے", "بُرے-کے", "خراب"]
Gen 24:50, Gen 41:21, Gen 47:9, Lev 27:10, Lev 27:10, Lev 27:12, Lev 27:14, Lev 27:33, Num 13:19, Deut 15:21, 2 Kgs 2:19, 2 Kgs 4:41 (+7 más)
4. feo, de mal aspecto — Feo, de mal aspecto o apariencia: concentrado en el sueño de Faraón con las siete vacas 'feas y flacas' (Gn 41:3, 4, 19, 20, 27). Árabe قَبِيح y alemán hässlich emplean vocabulario estético dedicado, demostrando que los traductores reconocen mundialmente este sentido como un juicio visual, no moral ni cualitativo. 5×
AR["قَبِيحَاتُ", "وَ-الْ-قَبِيحَاتُ", "وَ-الْ-قَبِيحَاتِ", "وَ-قَبِيحَاتُ"]·ben["আর-কুৎসিত", "কুৎসিত"]·DE["hässlich", "hässlich-von", "und-die-hässlichen", "und-hässlich-von"]·EN["and-bad-of", "and-the-bad", "bad-of"]·FR["et-le-mauvais", "et-mauvais-de", "mauvais-de"]·heb["ו-ה-רע", "ו-רע", "רע"]·HI["और-बुरी", "बुरी"]·ID["dan-jelek", "dan-yang-jelek", "jelek"]·IT["cattivo-di", "e-cattivo-di", "e-il-cattivo"]·jav["awon", "lan-awon"]·KO["그리고-나쁜", "나쁜"]·PT["e-as-feias", "e-feias-de", "feias-de"]·RU["и-плохие", "и-плохих", "и-худых", "худые", "худых"]·ES["feas-de", "y-feas-de", "y-las-feas"]·SW["na-wabaya", "wabaya"]·TR["ve-kötü", "ve-çirkin", "çirkin"]·urd["اور-بری", "بری"]
5. grave, feroz, peligroso — Grave, feroz o peligroso: describe fieras, plagas terribles o castigos severos. Una 'bestia רָעָה' ha devorado a José (Gn 37:20, 33); Deuteronomio advierte sobre 'enfermedades רָעוֹת' y 'señales grandes y terribles' (Dt 6:22; 2 Cr 21:19). Árabe شَدِيد y coreano 심한 marcan una escala de peligro más que de falta moral. 5×
AR["سَيِّئٌ", "شَدِيدَةٍ", "شَرِيرٌ", "وَشَرِيرَةً"]·ben["এবং-মন্দ", "ভয়ানক", "মন্দ", "হিংস্র"]·DE["Boeses", "boese", "böses", "und-terrible"]·EN["and-terrible", "evil", "severe"]·FR["et-terrible", "mal", "mauvais"]·heb["ו-רעים", "רע"]·HI["और-भयानक", "बुरी", "बुरे", "बुरे-ने"]·ID["buruk", "dan-yang-jahat", "jahat", "yang-keras"]·IT["cattivo", "e-terrible", "male"]·jav["awrat", "galak", "kang-ala", "lan-awon"]·KO["그리고-나쁜", "사나운", "심한", "악한"]·PT["e-males", "mau", "más", "severa"]·RU["злое", "злой", "и-злые", "тяжёлых"]·ES["mala", "malas", "y-terribles"]·SW["kali", "mabaya", "mkali", "na-mibaya"]·TR["ağır", "kötü", "ve-kötü"]·urd["اور-برے", "برے", "بُری", "سخت"]
6. triste, afligido — Triste, abatido o disgustado en el semblante o el ánimo. Nehemías se presenta ante el rey con un 'rostro רַע' — no malvado sino apenado (Neh 2:1-2). El rey pregunta de inmediato: '¿por qué está triste tu rostro?', reconociendo tristeza, no maldad. Árabe حَزِين y español triste confirman el registro emocional de esta acepción. 3×
AR["حَزِينٍ", "سَيِّئًا", "سَيِّئٌ"]·ben["মন্দ", "মন্দের"]·DE["Boeses", "boese"]·EN["sad"]·FR["mal", "mauvais"]·heb["רע"]·HI["उदास", "उदास-है", "दुखी"]·ID["murung", "yang-sedih"]·IT["cattivo", "male"]·jav["sedhih"]·KO["나쁜", "나쁜가", "악한"]·PT["mau", "triste"]·RU["огорчённого", "печальное", "печальным"]·ES["malo", "triste"]·SW["huzuni", "mbaya", "una-huzuni"]·TR["acılı", "kötü", "üzgün"]·urd["برا", "غمگین"]
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Referencia BDB / Léxico
I. רַע226 I. רַע226 adj. bad, evil (distinction from n., and vb. Pf. 3 ms., is sometimes not easy, and opinions differ);—ms. רַע Gn 6:5 +; רָ֑ע 31:24 +; pl. רָעִים 13:13 +; cstr. רָעֵי Ez 7:24 (del. Co); fs. רָעָה Gn 37:2 + 37 times (this form usually noun), pl. רָעוֹת 28:8 + 14 times; רָעֹת 41:27 (18 times noun);— †1. bad, disagreeable, malignant: of a woman, רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי Ex 21:8 (E; perhaps,…