Rochav is the standard Hebrew term for the measurement from side to side, appearing 101 times almost exclusively in architectural and geographical specifications. It dominates the building descriptions of the tabernacle (Exod 25-27), Solomon's temple (1 Kgs 6-7), and Ezekiel's visionary temple (Ezek 40-42), where it regularly pairs with 'orekh (length) and sometimes qomah (height) to give full dimensions. Beyond measurement, the word occasionally opens into metaphor: 'breadth of heart' describes Solomon's vast understanding, as wide as sand on the seashore (1 Kgs 5:9), and Isaiah uses 'the breadth of your land' to evoke Immanuel's sovereignty over all Judah (Isa 8:8).