H6973 H6973
To feel loathing or abhorrence; to feel sickening dread or anxious terror; causatively, to terrify.
A visceral verb describing reactions that churn the stomach -- whether from disgust or from dread. Rebekah declares 'I am weary of my life' because of the Hittite women (Gen 27:46), and God himself 'was disgusted' with the nations of Canaan (Lev 20:23). But the same root also describes the cold terror that grips a nation before a threatening enemy: Egypt dreaded the multiplying Israelites (Exod 1:12), and Moab was in sickening dread of Israel (Num 22:3). Spanish distinguishes these strands beautifully -- 'hastiada' (fed up, nauseated) for loathing, 'se angustiaron' (they were anguished) for dread. A rare Hiphil causative appears in Isaiah 7:6, where the conspirators plot to 'terrify' Judah.
Senses
1. to feel loathing, abhor — To feel deep loathing, abhorrence, or revulsion toward something or someone (with beth of the object). Rebekah is weary of life because of Hittite daughters-in-law (Gen 27:46); God abhorred the nations of Canaan (Lev 20:23); Israel loathed the manna in the wilderness (Num 21:5). Proverbs 3:11 warns against loathing God's discipline. Spanish 'hastiada/fastidio' and French 'las' (weary) capture the emotional exhaustion and revulsion. 5×
AR["اشْمَأَزَّتْ","تَسْأَمْ","سَئِمتُ","وَ-اِشْمَأْزَزْتُ","وَ-كَرِهَ"]·ben["আমি-বিরক্ত-হয়েছি","এবং-ঘৃণা-করল","এবং-ঘৃণা-করেছি","ক্লান্ত-হও","ঘৃণা-করে"]·DE["[תקץ]","loathes","und-er-loathed","und-ich-war-disgusted","überdrüssig-bin-ich"]·EN["I-am-weary","and-I-was-disgusted","and-he-loathed","loathe","loathes"]·FR["Je-suis-las","et-il-loathed","et-je-était-disgusted","loathes","תקץ"]·heb["ו-אקץ","ו-יקץ","קצה","קצתי","תקוץ"]·HI["और-घृणा-किया","और-घृणा-की-मैंने","घृणा-करता-है","थक-गई-मैं","थक-जा"]·ID["aku-muak","bosan","dan membenci","maka-Aku-muak","muak"]·IT["e-egli-loathed","e-io-fu-disgusted","io-am-weary","loathe","loathes"]·jav["kula-jengkel","lan-sengit","mila-Kawula-jijik","nyel","sami-bosen"]·KO["그리고-싫어하였다","그리고-역겨워했다-나는","싫어졌다","싫어한다","지쳐하지"]·PT["detesto","e-abominei","e-aborreceu","enojou","te-aborrecas"]·RU["и-возгнушался","опостылела-мне","опротивела","тяготись"]·ES["aborrezcas","estoy-hastiada","tiene-fastidio","y-aborreció","y-me-asqueé"]·SW["na-akachukia","na-niliwachukia","nimechoshwa","usichoshwe","zinachukia"]·TR["Bıktım","bıkma","tiksinmiştir","ve-nefret-etti","ve-tiksinidm"]·urd["اور-نفرت-کی","اکتا-گئی-ہوں-میں","اکتائی-ہے","تھک"]
2. to feel sickening dread — To feel sickening dread or anxious terror before a threatening presence (with mippenei of the feared party). Egypt dreaded the multiplying Israelites -- and the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied (Exod 1:12). Moab was in anguished dread of Israel (Num 22:3). Isaiah 7:16 promises that the land whose two kings Ahaz dreads will be forsaken. Spanish 'se angustiaron' (they were anguished) distinguishes this from mere disgust. 3×
AR["فَ-اشْمَأَزُّوا","مُشمَئِزٌّ","وَ-قَلِقَ"]·ben["এবং-আতঙ্কিত-হল","ও-বিরক্ত-হল","ঘৃণা-কর"]·DE["[קץ]","und-dreaded","und-sie-dreaded"]·EN["and-dreaded","and-they-dreaded","dread"]·FR["[קץ]","et-dreaded","et-ils-dreaded"]·heb["ו-יקוצו","ו-יקץ","קץ"]·HI["और-घबरा-गया","और-घब्राये","घृणा-करता-है"]·ID["Dan-mereka-muak","dan-susahlah","takuti"]·IT["[קץ]","e-dreaded","e-essi-dreaded"]·jav["ajrih","lan-jijik","lan-sami-jijik"]·KO["그리고-근심하였다","그리고-역겨웠다","심히-싫어하는"]·PT["detestas","e-sentiu-pavor","e-temeram"]·RU["И-устрашились","и-устрашился","трепещешь"]·ES["temes","y-se-angustiaron","y-se-angustio"]·SW["na-akasikitika","na-wakachukia","unachukia"]·TR["tiksiniyor","ve-korktular","ve-sıkıntıya-düştü"]·urd["اور-اکتایا","اور-گھبرائے","گھبراتا-ہے"]
3. to cause dread — Hiphil causative: to cause sickening dread or terror in someone, to terrify. Used in Isaiah 7:6, where the Syro-Ephraimite coalition plots to 'terrify' Judah and breach its walls. Spanish 'aterroricemosla' (let us terrify it) and English 'let us terrify it' make the causative force explicit. This is the only Hiphil occurrence, converting the inward feeling of dread into an outward act of intimidation. 1×
AR["وَ-نُرعِبُهَا"]·ben["ও-ত্রাস-করি-তাকে"]·DE["[ונקיצנה]"]·EN["and-let-us-terrify-it"]·FR["[ונקיצנה]"]·heb["ו-נקיצנה"]·HI["और-उसे-डराएं"]·ID["dan-mengganggunya"]·IT["[ונקיצנה]"]·jav["lan-kita-ngganggu"]·KO["두렵게-하자"]·PT["e-aterrorizemo-la"]·RU["и-устрашим-её"]·ES["y-aterrorricémosla"]·SW["na-tuifadhaike"]·TR["ve-korkutalim-onu"]·urd["اور-اُسے-تنگ-کریں"]
Related Senses
H5921a 1. upon, on, over (spatial) (5443×)H0413 1. directional: to, toward (5366×)H1121a 1. son, male offspring, descendant (4914×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H4428 1. king, human ruler (2518×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H6440 1. before, in front of (spatial) (1870×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H3027 1. physical hand (body part) (1596×)H1697 1. word, speech, utterance (1235×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. [קוּץ] vb. feel a loathing, abhorrence, sickening dread (‖ √ of קוט; 𝔗 קוּץ id.; for connex. of meanings cf. Aramaic קְנַט loathe, ܩܢܰܛ fear);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. קָ֫צָה Nu 21:5; 1 s. קַ֫צְתִּי Gn 27:46; Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫קָץ Nu 22:3; 1 K 11:25 (but v. infr.); 2 ms. juss. תָּקֹץ Pr 3:11; 1 s. וָאָקֻץ Lv 20:23; 3 mpl. וַיָּקֻצוּ Ex 1:12; Pt. קָץ Is 7:16;— 1. feel a loathing at, abhor, c. ב rei Nu…