H6684 H6684
To fast, voluntarily abstain from food as an act of mourning, penitence, or devotion before God
Denotes the deliberate refusal of food, almost always motivated by a religious occasion—grief over the dead (1 Sam 31:13; 2 Sam 1:12), urgent intercession (2 Sam 12:16), national repentance (Judg 20:26; 1 Sam 7:6), or penitential seeking of God (Zech 7:5). The verb is semantically uniform: every Qal occurrence involves the same bodily act directed toward the same spiritual purpose. Spanish 'ayunar' and French 'jeuner' both reflect this tightly focused meaning, confirming a single sense across all 21 attestations.
Senses
1. to fast, abstain from food — To voluntarily abstain from eating, invariably in a religious context of mourning, contrition, intercession, or devotion. David fasts for his dying child (2 Sam 12:16), Israel fasts at Mizpah in national repentance (Judg 20:26; 1 Sam 7:6), and Zechariah 7:5 questions the sincerity of fasting. Multilingual glosses—Spanish 'ayunar,' English 'fasted'—all converge on this single devotional act. 21×
AR["تَصُومُونَ", "سَنَصُومُ", "صائِمٌ", "صَائِمًا", "صُمتَ", "صُمتُ", "صُمْتُمْ", "صُمْتُمْ-لِي", "صُمْنَا", "وَ-صاموا", "وَ-صامَ", "وَ-صَامُوا", "وَ-صُمْنا", "وَ-صُومُوا", "وَصامَ", "وَصَامُوا", "يَصُومُونَ"]·ben["আমরা-উপবাস-করেছি", "আর-উপবাস-করলাম", "আর-উপবাস-করলেন", "উপবাস-করছি", "উপবাস-করব", "উপবাস-করবে-তারা", "উপবাস-করেছিলাম", "উপবাস-করেছিলে", "উপবাস-করেছিলে-আমার-জন্য", "উপবাসরত", "এবং-উপবাস-করল", "এবং-উপবাস-করলেন", "ও-উপবাস-করেছিল", "ও-উপবাস-করো", "তোমরা-উপবাস-কর"]·DE["[אצום]", "[ויצומו]", "[ונצומה]", "[וצומו]", "[יצמו]", "[צם]", "[צמנו]", "[צמתם]", "[צמתני]", "[תצומו]", "du-fasted", "fasting", "ich-fasted", "und-er-fasted", "und-fasted", "und-fastete", "und-sie-fasted"]·EN["I-fasted", "and-fast", "and-fasted", "and-he-fasted", "and-they-fasted", "and-we-fasted", "did-you-fast", "fast", "fasting", "have-we-fasted", "they-fast", "will-fast", "you-fast", "you-fasted"]·FR["[אצום]", "[ויצומו]", "[ונצומה]", "[וצומו]", "[יצמו]", "[צם]", "[צמנו]", "[תצומו]", "et-il-jeûna", "et-ils-jeûna", "et-jeûna", "je-jeûna", "jeûnant", "jeûner", "tu-jeûna"]·heb["אצום", "ו-יצומו", "ו-יצם", "ו-נצומה-ה", "ו-צומו", "ו-צם", "ו-צמו", "יצומו", "צם", "צמנו", "צמת", "צמתוני", "צמתי", "צמתם", "תצומו"]·HI["उपवास-करता", "उपवास-करते-हैं", "उपवास-करते-हो", "उपवास-करूं", "उपवास-करेंगी", "उपवास-करो", "उपवास-किया", "उपवास-किया-तूने", "और-उपवअस-किय", "और-उपवास-करो", "और-उपवास-किया", "तब-हमने-उपवास-किया", "तुमने-उपवास-किया", "हमने-उपवास-किया"]·ID["Maka-kami-berpuasa", "akan-berpuasa", "aku-berpuasa", "berpuasa", "dan-berpuasa", "dan-berpuasalah", "dan-berpuasalah-mereka", "dan-dia-berpuasa", "dan-mereka-berpuasa", "engkau-berpuasa", "kami-berpuasa", "kamu-berpuasa", "mereka-berpuasa"]·IT["[אצום]", "[ויצומו]", "[ונצומה]", "[וצומו]", "[יצמו]", "[צם]", "[צמנו]", "[צמתם]", "[צמתני]", "[תצומו]", "digiunando", "e-digiunò", "e-egli-digiunò", "e-essi-digiunò", "e-fasted", "io-digiunò", "tu-digiunò"]·jav["kita-siyam", "kula-siyam", "lan-kawula-sedaya-siyam", "lan-piyambakipun-pasa", "lan-piyambakipun-sedaya-siyam", "lan-piyambakipun-siyam", "lan-siyam", "panjenengan-siyam", "pasa-panjenengan", "pasa-panjenengan-tumrap-Kawula", "sami-pasa", "siyam"]·KO["그들이-금식할", "그리고-금식하라", "그리고-금식하였다", "그리고-금식했다", "그리고-우리가-금식했다", "금식하고", "금식하라", "금식하리요", "금식하며", "금식하면서", "금식할-것이다", "금식했는데", "너희가-금식하고", "너희가-금식했느냐", "너희가-금식했도다"]·PT["e-jejuai", "e-jejuamos", "e-jejuaram", "e-jejuou", "jejuais", "jejuamos", "jejuando", "jejuareis", "jejuarem,", "jejuaremos", "jejuaste", "jejuastes", "jejuastes-me", "jejuei", "jejuo"]·RU["И-постились", "будем-поститься", "и-постились", "и-постился", "и-поститесь", "постились-вы", "постились-для-Меня", "постились-мы", "постился-ты", "постился-я", "поститесь-вы", "постятся", "постящимся", "пощусь"]·ES["ayunamos", "ayunando", "ayunaremos", "ayunaste", "ayunasteis", "ayunen", "ayuno?", "ayunáis", "ayuné", "ayunéis", "y-ayunad", "y-ayunamos", "y-ayunaron", "y-ayunó"]·SW["akafunga", "mlifunga", "mnafunga", "msifunge", "na-akafunga", "na-katika-hii", "na-mfunge", "na-tukafunga", "na-wakafunga", "nikifunga", "nilifunga", "ninafunga", "tumefunga", "ulifunga", "wakifunga"]·TR["Ve-oruc-tuttuk", "oruc-tutarsuniz", "oruc-tuttuk", "oruc-tutun", "oruç-tutacağım", "oruç-tutan", "oruç-tutsalar", "oruç-tuttum", "oruç-tuttun", "oruç-tuttunuz", "oruç-tuttunuz-bana", "oruçlu", "ve-oruç-tuttu", "ve-oruç-tuttular", "ve-oruç-tutun"]·urd["اور-روزہ-رکھا", "اور-روزہ-رکھا-انہوں-نے", "اور-روزہ-رکھا-ہم-نے", "اور-روزہ-رکھو", "تم-نے-روزہ-رکھا", "تم-نے-رکھا-میرے-لیے", "روزہ-دار", "روزہ-رکھا", "روزہ-رکھا-میں-نے", "روزہ-رکھا-ہم-نے", "روزہ-رکھتے-ہو", "روزہ-رکھو", "روزہ-رکھوں", "روزہ-رکھیں-گی", "روزہ-رکھیں-گے"]
Judg 20:26, 1 Sam 7:6, 1 Sam 31:13, 2 Sam 1:12, 2 Sam 12:16, 2 Sam 12:21, 2 Sam 12:22, 2 Sam 12:23, 1 Kgs 21:27, 1 Chr 10:12, Ezra 8:23, Neh 1:4 (+9 more)
Related Senses
H3548 1. priest, cultic officiant (750×)G5547 1. Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (540×)H5030 1. Prophet, divine spokesperson (317×)H5930a 1. burnt offering (sacrifice) (286×)H3881 1. Levites (priestly class) (283×)G4396 1. prophet, spokesperson of God (146×)H6944 1. sanctuary, holy place (129×)G0749 1. high priest, chief priest (123×)H6944 2. holiness, sacredness (abstract quality) (123×)G5330 1. Pharisee (99×)G4336 1. pray to God (86×)H6944 3. holy things, sacred offerings (plural) (86×)H3722a 1. make ritual atonement (Piel) (85×)H6912 1. bury (Qal active) (82×)H6419 1. pray (Hitpael) (80×)H6944 4. holiness (with possessive pronoun) (77×)H6942 1. sanctify, consecrate (Piel factitive) (76×)H2930a 1. Qal: be/become unclean (75×)H7819a 1. slaughter an animal (Qal active) (72×)H1486 1. lot (object cast for decisions) (71×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [צוּם] vb. abstain from food, fast (NH id.; Arabic (صوم), صَامَ Ethiopic ጾመ: Aramaic צוּם, ܨܳܡ );— Qal Pf. 2 ms. צַמְתָּ 2 S 12:21; 2 mpl. צַמְתֶּם Zc 7:5, sf. צַמְתֻּנִי v 5; Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫צָם 2 S 12:16, וַיָּצוֹ֑ם 1 K 21:27; 1 s. אָצוּם Est 4:16, etc.; Imv. mpl. צוּמוּ v 16; Inf. abs. צוֹם Zc 7:5; Pt. צָם 2 S 12:23; Ne 1:4;—fast, in mourning the dead 1 S 31:13 = 1 Ch 10:12; 2 S 1:12; in…