H6310 H6310
Boca, filo, abertura, mandato; del órgano físico a sus extensiones (filo de espada, abertura de pozo, medida proporcional).
El sustantivo פֶּה designa primordialmente la boca física de seres humanos o animales, órgano del habla y la alimentación (395 apariciones). De esta raíz concreta surgen múltiples extensiones: el filo cortante de la espada en locuciones bélicas ('a filo de espada'), aberturas de recipientes y prendas (pozos, sacos, cuellos de vestidura), medidas proporcionales ('conforme a' = según convenga) y pronunciamientos autoritativos que proceden de la boca (mandatos, decretos). El campo semántico abarca parte del cuerpo, apertura física, locución de medida y la metonimia boca-por-palabra.
Sentidos
1. boca (parte del cuerpo) — La boca física literal aparece en 395 pasajes, abarcando el comer, el hablar y todas las frases pronominales y preposicionales donde el referente es el órgano corporal. Esta acepción fundacional ancla la red semántica de la que derivan los demás significados mediante metáfora y metonimia. 395×
AR["حَسَبِ", "فَمِ", "قَدْرِ"]·ben["বাক্যগুলির", "মুখ", "মুখের"]·DE["Mund-von", "der-Öffnung", "die-Öffnung"]·EN["mouth-of"]·FR["bouche-de"]·heb["פה", "פי"]·HI["आज्ञा", "मुँह", "मुंह", "वचन"]·ID["kemampuan", "mulut", "perintah", "tahun-tahun"]·IT["bocca-di"]·jav["cangkemipun", "dhawuh", "lisan", "pangandika", "pangandikan", "pangandikanipun", "tutuk", "tutuking"]·KO["입", "입-에-따라", "입-의", "입의"]·PT["boca-de", "boca-de-"]·RU["речению", "слов", "слову", "устам", "устье", "устья"]·ES["boca-de", "boca-de-", "la-boca-de"]·SW["amri", "amri-ya", "kinywa-cha-", "mdomo-wa", "neno-la"]·TR["ağzı", "ağzı-", "ağzına", "ağzının"]·urd["اس-کے", "حکم", "منہ", "منہ-کے"]
2. filo de espada — El 'filo de la espada' (לְפִי חֶרֶב) ocurre 47 veces como expresión fija para la muerte violenta. La evidencia multilingüe muestra lexemas diferenciados: árabe حَدّ (filo cortante), coreano 칼날 (hoja), suajili makali (agudeza), hindi dhaar (borde cortante), confirmando una extensión metafórica estable de boca a filo de arma. 47×
AR["بِ-فَمِ", "بِ-فَمِ-", "بِحَدِّ-", "بِفَمِ-", "لِ-فَمِ-"]·ben["ধারে-", "মুখে-"]·DE["durch-Mund-von", "durch-Mund-von-", "durch-Rand-von-", "durch-der-Rand-von", "durch-der-Rand-von-", "mit-Rand-von-", "mit-der-Rand-von", "mit-edge-von-"]·EN["by-edge-of-", "by-mouth-of", "by-mouth-of-", "by-the-edge-of", "by-the-edge-of-", "with-edge-of-", "with-the-edge-of"]·FR["avec-bord-de-", "avec-le-bord-de", "avec-tranchant-de-", "par-bouche-de", "par-bouche-de-", "par-edge-de-", "par-le-bord-de", "par-le-bord-de-"]·heb["ל-פי", "ל-פי-"]·HI["धार", "धार-", "धार-से", "धार-से-", "लपी-", "से-धार-"]·ID["dengan-mata", "dengan-mata-"]·IT["con-filo-di-", "con-il-edge-di", "da-bocca-di-", "da-orlo-di-", "per-bocca-di", "per-il-edge-di", "per-il-edge-di-"]·jav["dening-landheping", "déning-landheping-", "kanggé-landheping", "kanthi-landheping", "kanthi-landheping-", "ngangge"]·KO["~의-날-로", "날-", "날-로", "날로", "로-입의-", "에-칼", "에-칼날에", "칼-"]·PT["a-fio-de", "a-fio-de-", "ao-fio-de"]·RU["острием-", "остриём-", "устами"]·ES["a-filo-de", "a-filo-de-"]·SW["kwa-makali-ya", "kwa-makali-ya-"]·TR["ağzıyla", "ağzıyla-", "ile-ağzı-"]·urd["تلوار-کی-دھار-سے", "دھار-سے", "دھار-سے-", "دہانے-سے-"]
Gen 4:11, Gen 34:26, Exod 17:13, Num 16:30, Num 16:32, Num 21:24, Num 26:10, Deut 11:6, Deut 13:15, Deut 13:15, Deut 20:13, Josh 6:21 (+35 más)
3. conforme a, según — La locución preposicional עַל-פִּי ('conforme a, según, en proporción a') aparece 28 veces en contextos legales y cultuales. Los datos interlingüísticos revelan preposiciones especializadas: árabe حَسَب, coreano 따라 (siguiendo), suajili kulingana na (de acuerdo con), mostrando un significado gramaticalizado distinto de la parte corporal. 28×
AR["بِ-حَسَبِ", "بِفَمِ", "حَسَبَ", "كَ-فَمِ", "كَنَسِبَةِ", "وَ-حَسَبَ", "وَبِ-حَسَبِ"]·ben["-অনুসারে", "অনুযায়ী", "অনুসারে", "অনুসারে-", "অনুসারে-মুখে", "এবং-অনুযায়ী", "মুখ-অনুযায়ী", "মুখ-অনুযায়ী-"]·DE["bei-Mund-von", "durch-Mund-von", "gemaess-zu", "gemaess-zu-", "nach-dem-Mund", "und-gemaess-zu", "zu-Mund-von"]·EN["according-to", "according-to-", "and-according-to", "by-mouth-of"]·FR["et-selon", "par-bouche-de", "selon", "selon-à", "selon-à-", "à-bouche"]·heb["ו-לפי", "כ-כפי", "כ-פי", "ל-פה", "ל-פי"]·HI["अनुसार", "अनुसार-", "अनुसार-मुँह", "और-के-अनुसार", "और-जब", "के-अनुसार", "मुँह-के-अनुसार"]·ID["Menurut", "dan-menurut", "dan-sesuai", "menurut", "menurut-", "menurut-mulut", "sesuai-dengan"]·IT["da-bocca-di", "e-secondo", "per-bocca", "secondo", "secondo-a", "secondo-a-"]·jav["Lan-miturut-", "Miturut |", "lan-miturut", "miturut", "miturut-"]·KO["~에-따라", "그리고-따라", "그리고-에-따라", "따라", "따라서-", "에-따라", "에-입에-따라"]·PT["E-conforme", "Segundo", "conforme", "conforme-", "e-segundo", "por-boca-de", "segundo", "segundo-"]·RU["и-по", "и-по-мере", "по", "по-", "по-еде", "по-мере", "по-мере-", "по-устам"]·ES["Según", "Y-según", "conforme-a", "por-boca-de", "según", "según-", "y-según"]·SW["Kpi", "Kulingana-na-", "kulingana-na", "kulingana-na-", "kwa-kadiri-ya", "kwa-kadri-ya", "kwa-kiwango", "na-kulingana-na", "na-kulingana-na-"]·TR["-e-göre", "-göre", "-göre-payına", "-göre-sözüne", "ağzına-göre", "göre", "göre-", "göredir", "ve--e-göre", "ve-göre"]·urd["اور-جب", "اور-مطابق", "بقدر", "مطابق", "مطابق-کے", "میرے-کہنے-کے-مطابق", "کے-مطابق"]
Gen 47:12, Exod 12:4, Exod 16:16, Exod 16:18, Exod 16:21, Lev 25:16, Lev 25:16, Lev 25:51, Lev 25:52, Lev 27:16, Num 6:21, Num 7:5 (+16 más)
4. abertura, entrada — La abertura de un recipiente (pozo, saco, cueva) suma 12 apariciones. Las traducciones emplean términos contextuales: árabe فَتْحَة (abertura), coreano 입구 (entrada), suajili shimo/mlango (agujero/puerta), hindi mukh (boca/abertura), indicando una extensión semántica natural del orificio corporal a la apertura inanimada. 12×
AR["عِنْدَ-فَمِ-", "فَتحَةُ-", "فَمِهَا", "كَ-فَتحَةِ", "كَ-فَتْحَةِ", "لِ-فَتحَتِها", "لِ-فَتْحَتِهِ", "لِـ-فَمِ", "لِفَمِهِ", "وَ-فَتْحَةُ", "وَ-فَمُهَا"]·ben["এবং-তার-মুখ", "এবং-মুখ", "তার-মুখে", "তার-মুখের-জন্য", "প্রবেশ-দ্বারে-", "মুখ", "মুখে-", "মুখের-জন্য", "মুখের-তার-জন্য", "মুখের-মতো", "যেমন-মুখ"]·DE["Mund", "bei-Mund", "fuer-sein-opening", "opening-von", "sein-Mund", "und-opening-von", "und-sein-Mund", "wie-opening-von", "zu-Mund-von"]·EN["and-its-mouth", "and-opening-of", "at-mouth-of", "at-the-entrance-of", "for-his-mouth", "for-its-opening", "its-mouth", "like-opening-of", "opening-of"]·FR["comme-ouverture-de", "et-ouverture-de", "et-son-bouche", "ouverture-de", "pour-son-ouverture", "son-bouche", "à-bouche", "à-ma-bouche", "à-son-bouche-lui"]·heb["ו-פי-", "ו-פי-ה", "ו-פי-הו", "כ-פי", "ל-פי", "ל-פי־", "ל-פיהו", "ל-פיו", "פי", "פי-ה"]·HI["उसके-मुँह-के", "उसके-मुँह-के-लिए", "उसके-मुँह-को", "और-मुँह", "और-मुँह-उसका", "जैसे-मुँह", "मुँह-", "मुँह-उसके", "मुँह-जैसे", "मुँह-पर", "मुख-पर-"]·ID["dan-lubang", "dan-mulutnya", "di-mulut", "di-mulut-", "lubang", "mulutnya", "seperti-lubang", "untuk-lubangnya", "untuk-mulutnya"]·IT["a-bocca-di", "come-opening-di", "e-opening-di", "e-suo-bocca", "opening-di", "per-bocca", "per-bocca-suo", "per-suo-opening", "suo-bocca"]·jav["Lan-cangkem", "bolongan", "cangkem", "ing-lawang", "ing-tutuk", "kados-bolongan", "kados-cangkem", "kanggé-bolongan-ipun", "kanggé-cangkemipun", "lan-cangkem", "tumrap-tutukipun"]·KO["같은-입", "같이-입", "그것의-입구에", "그리고-그것의-입구는", "그리고-입-", "에-그-입", "에게-그것의-입", "입-", "입-그의-을-위함", "입구-에"]·PT["E-abertura-de-", "E-boca-sua", "abertura-de", "boca-sua", "como-abertura-de", "e-boca-sua", "para-abertura-dele", "para-sua-abertura", "à-boca", "à-boca-de", "é-para-boca-sua"]·RU["для-отверстия-её", "для-рта-его,", "и-отверстие", "и-устье-её", "как-отверстие", "отверстие-", "при-входе-", "у-входа-", "у-отверстия-его", "устье-её"]·ES["Y-abertura-de", "Y-boca-de-ella", "a-boca-de", "a-entrada-de", "boca-de-", "boca-de-ella", "como-abertura-de", "como-boca-de", "para-su-abertura", "para-su-boca", "y-boca-de-ella"]·SW["Na-mdomo-wake", "kama-shimo", "kama-shimo-la", "kwa-shimo-lake", "kwenye-mlango-wa", "mlangoni-mwa", "na-mdomo-wake", "na-paneli-zake", "na-shimo-la-", "ni-kwa-kinywa-chake", "shimo-"]·TR["Ve-ağzı", "agzi-icin", "ağzı", "ağzı-gibi", "ağzına", "ağzına-", "girişinde-", "ve-ağzı"]·urd["اور-منہ", "اور-منہ اُس کا", "اُس-کے-منہ-کے-لیے", "جیسے", "جیسے-منہ", "منہ اُس کا", "منہ-", "منہ-پر", "منہ-کے-اس"]
5. mandato, decreto — Uso metonímico para 'mandato' o 'decreto' (la boca representando lo que de ella procede) con 6 apariciones, especialmente con sujeto divino. Las glosas interlingüísticas incluyen árabe أمر (mandato), coreano 명령 (decreto), suajili amri/neno (mandato/palabra), confirmando una vía metonímica reconocida. 6×
AR["أَمْرَهُ", "أَمْرِ", "أَمْرِكَ", "حَسَبِ", "فَمِ", "فَمِهِم"]·ben["তাঁর-আজ্ঞা", "তাদের-মুখের", "তোমার-মুখের-আদেশে", "মুখের"]·DE["Mund", "Mund-von", "dem-Befehl", "dem-Mund"]·EN["His-command", "mouth-of", "the-mouth-of-", "their-command", "your-command"]·FR["bouche", "bouche-de", "son-bouche-lui", "ton-bouche-toi"]·heb["פה", "פה-ם", "פי", "פיו", "פיך"]·HI["आज्ञा", "आज्ञा-उसकी", "उनके-आदेश", "ताल", "तेरी-आज्ञा", "मुँह"]·ID["mulut", "perintah", "perintah-Nya", "perintah-mereka", "perintahmu", "suara"]·IT["bocca", "bocca-di", "bocca-suo", "bocca-tuo"]·jav["dhawuh", "perintah", "printah-ipun", "swanten", "tutuk-panjenengan"]·KO["그-의-명령-을", "네-명령-으로", "소리로", "입", "입-그들-의"]·PT["boca-de", "boca-dele", "boca-deles", "tua-ordem"]·RU["звук", "словам", "слову", "слову-их", "слову-твоему", "уст-Его,"]·ES["boca-de", "boca-de-él", "son-del", "su-boca", "tu-boca"]·SW["amri-yake", "amri-yako", "kanywa", "kwa-nini", "midomo-yao", "sauti-ya"]·TR["ağzının", "ağızlarının-onların", "buyruğunu-O'nun", "emrine-göre", "emrinle", "üzerine"]·urd["ان-کے-حکم", "تیرے-حکم", "حکم-اُس-کا", "حکم-کے", "ساتھ", "منہ"]
6. extremo, confín — La acepción 'extremo' o 'confín' de una extensión espacial ocurre 4 veces (2 R 10:21; 21:16; Esd 9:11 dos veces). Árabe طَرَف, coreano 끝, suajili upande, hindi chhor significan todos borde/extremo, avalando una extensión metafórica de boca como apertura frontal a término de un límite. 4×
AR["طَرَف", "لِ-طَرَفٍ", "لِفَمٍ", "مِنْ-طَرَف"]·ben["থেকে-মুখ", "মুখ", "মুখ-থেকে", "মুখে"]·DE["Mund", "von-Mund", "zu-Mund"]·EN["end", "from-end", "to-mouth"]·FR["bouche", "à-bouche"]·heb["ל-פה", "מ-פה", "פה"]·HI["एक-छोर-से", "दूसरे-छोर-तक", "लपेह", "ला-मुँह"]·ID["dari-ujung", "ke-ujung", "sampai-ujung", "ujung"]·IT["a-bocca", "bocca"]·jav["dosanipun", "dumugi-cangkem", "pinggir", "saking-pinggir"]·KO["끝", "끝까지", "에서-끝", "에서-입-까지"]·PT["a-boca", "de-ponta", "ponta"]·RU["до-края", "к-устам", "края", "от-края"]·ES["a-boca", "a-extremo", "de-extremo", "extremo"]·SW["hadi-mdomo", "hadi-upande", "kutoka-upande-mmoja", "upande-mwingine"]·TR["ağza", "ucuna", "ucundan"]·urd["منہ-تک", "کنارا", "کنارے-تک", "کنارے-سے"]
7. porción, parte medida — La 'porción' proporcional o parte medida aparece 3 veces (Dt 21:17 doble porción, 2 R 2:9, Zac 13:8). Evidencia multilingüe: árabe ضِعْفَيْن/ثُلْثًا (doble/tercio), coreano 배 (múltiplo), suajili sehemu/fungu (parte/porción), mostrando una locución de conteo especializada. 3×
AR["ثُلْثَا-", "ضِعْفَانِ-", "فَمَ"]·ben["অংশ", "মুখ", "মুখ-"]·DE["Anteil-von", "Mund-von"]·EN["portion-of", "two"]·FR["bouche", "part-de", "portion-de"]·heb["פי", "פי־"]·HI["भाग", "भाग-"]·ID["dua-", "dua-bagian", "dua-kali-lipat"]·IT["bocca", "porzione-di"]·jav["cangkem", "kalih-", "tikel-kalih"]·KO["배", "입으로-"]·PT["dois-de", "porção-de"]·RU["две-", "долю", "доля-"]·ES["dos", "porción", "porción-de"]·SW["fungu", "sehemu-", "sehemu-mbili-ya-tatu"]·TR["ağız-", "payını", "porsiyonu-"]·urd["حصہ", "دو-", "منہ-سے"]
8. cuello de vestidura — El 'cuello' o abertura del escote de una prenda ocurre dos veces (Job 30:18; Sal 133:2). Las traducciones específicas incluyen árabe فَم (en sentido textil), coreano 옷깃 (abertura de vestidura), suajili ukingo/shingo (borde/cuello), confirmando este término como vocabulario especializado de indumentaria. 2×
AR["طَرَفِ", "كَ-فَمِ"]·ben["-মতো", "কিনারার"]·DE["Mund", "wie-Mund-von"]·EN["as-collar-of", "collar-of"]·FR["comme-bouche", "ma-bouche"]·heb["כ-פי", "פי"]·HI["कैसे-गले-के", "छोर-पर"]·ID["leher", "seperti-kerah"]·IT["bocca-di", "come-bocca"]·jav["kadosdene-cèlènging", "pinggiran"]·KO["-같이", "옷깃"]·PT["a-orla-de", "como-gola-de"]·RU["как-ворот", "край-"]·ES["borde-de", "como-cuello-de"]·SW["kama-shingo", "ukingo-wa"]·TR["yakası-gibi", "yakasının"]·urd["جیسے", "کناروں"]
9. pim (unidad de peso) — Una sola aparición en 1 Samuel 13:21 (pim, unidad de peso o medida) cuyo significado permanece incierto. Este hápax legómenon se translitea en todas las lenguas (pim), lo que sugiere que los traductores lo reconocieron como término técnico cuyo referente exacto es discutido, posiblemente un peso fraccionario para afilar herramientas. 1×
AR["فِيمًا"]·ben["এক-পিম"]·DE["pim"]·EN["pim"]·FR["pim"]·heb["פים"]·HI["पीम"]·ID["satu-pim"]·IT["pim"]·jav["pim"]·KO["한-피이었다"]·PT["pim"]·RU["пим"]·ES["un-pim"]·SW["pimu"]·TR["pim"]·urd["پِم"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
† [פֶּ֫דֶר] n.[m.] suet, of עֹלָה (so Vrss NH: √ unknown);—abs. פָּ֑דֶר Lv 1:8; 8:20; sf. פִּדְרוֹ 1:12.