The collective term for the steppe-dwellers of northern Arabia, later extended to the entire peninsula. The biblical references focus on the nomadic tribes of the northern Arabian desert: Jeremiah speaks of 'kings of Arabia who dwell in the wilderness' (25:24), while the Kings and Chronicles parallel passages mention Arabia's tribute to Solomon (1 Kgs 10:15; 2 Chr 9:14). Ezekiel lists Arabia among trading partners (27:21), and includes them among those facing judgment (30:5). The name derives from the root for 'desert' or 'steppe,' reflecting the nomadic lifestyle. This became the standard term for the Arabs and Arabian Peninsula in later usage.