סָפַר107 H5608a
Contar, numerar (Qal); relatar, narrar, declarar (Piel); ser contado (Nifal); ser relatado (Pual) — uniendo enumeración y narración.
סָפַר ilustra de manera elocuente cómo el pensamiento hebreo antiguo conectaba el contar y el relatar. La misma raíz que significa 'cuenta las estrellas' (Gn 15:5) también significa 'contó la historia' (Gn 24:66), como si narrar fuera una contabilidad cuidadosa de los hechos y enumerar fuera una forma de declaración. El Qal maneja la numeración, el Piel se desplaza a la narración y proclamación, y los temas pasivos (Nifal, Pual) invierten cada uno respectivamente. El cognado סֵפֶר ('libro, rollo') confirma la vinculación de esta raíz con el registro organizado y deliberado. El español preserva admirablemente la ambigüedad hebrea con 'contar', que abarca tanto la cuenta numérica como el relato de una historia.
Sentidos
1. relatar, narrar (Piel) — Piel: relatar, contar, narrar, declarar — la acepción más amplia con 64 ocurrencias, que abarca el significado central del tema intensivo: narración verbal y declaración. El siervo de Abraham 'contó' todo lo sucedido (Gn 24:66), los hermanos de José 'relataron' sus sueños (Gn 37:9-10) y el salmista se compromete a 'declarar' las obras de Dios (Sal 9:1; 73:28; 78:4). 64×
AR["أَخْبَرونا", "أَخْبِرْني-", "أُخْبِرُ", "رَوَوْا-", "سَرَدْتُ", "فَ-قَصَّ", "فَأَخْبَرَ", "وَ-أَخبَرَ", "وَ-أُخبِر", "وَ-أُخْبِرْكُمْ", "وَ-أُعْلِنُ", "وَ-حَدَّثَ", "وَ-حَدَّثَهُمْ", "وَ-رَوَى", "وَأَخْبَرَ"]·ben["আমি-ঘোষণা-করব", "আমি-বর্ণনা-করব", "আমি-বর্ণনা-করেছি", "আর-বর্ণনা-করল", "আর-বলল", "আর-বললেন", "এবং-আমি-বলব", "এবং-বর্ণনা-করল", "এবং-বলল", "এবং-বললেন", "ও-আমি-বর্ণনা-করব", "ও-আমি-বলব", "ও-বর্ণনা-করলেন", "ও-বলল", "বর্ণনা-করেছেন-", "বলেছেন-", "বলো-"]·DE["[ואספרה]", "berichte-", "haben-told", "ich-declared", "ich-haben-declared", "ich-wird-recount", "ich-wird-tell", "ich-wird-verkündigen", "und-er-erzaehlt", "und-erzählte", "und-ich-wird-tell", "und-recounted", "und-sagte"]·EN["I-declared", "I-have-declared", "I-will-declare", "I-will-recount", "I-will-tell", "and-I-tell", "and-I-will-tell", "and-recounted", "and-told", "have-told", "tell-"]·FR["[ויספר]", "et-dit", "et-raconter", "et-recounted", "raconte-", "raconter"]·heb["אספרה", "ו-אספר", "ו-אספרה", "ו-יספר", "ו-סופר", "ו-סיפר", "סיפרו-", "סיפרתי", "ספרה-"]·HI["और-कहा", "और-जब-बताया", "और-बताया", "और-मैं-बताऊँगा", "और-वर्णन-करूँगा", "बताई-", "बताया", "मैं-घोषणा-करूँगा", "मैं-वर्णन-करूंगा", "वर्णन-करूँगा", "सप्पराह-"]·ID["Aku-akan-mengumumkan", "Dan-ia-menceritakan", "Dan-menceritakanlah", "aku-ceritakan", "aku-menceritakan", "ceritakanlah-", "dan-aku-akan-menceritakan", "dan-aku-ceritakan", "dan-aku-menceritakan", "dan-ia menceritakan", "dan-ia-menceritakan", "dan-menceritakan", "menceritakan-"]·IT["e-contare", "e-narro'", "e-recounted", "e-riferì", "narro'", "riferisci-"]·jav["Cariyosna-", "Kula-cariyos", "Kula-nyariyosaken", "Lan-Musa-nyariyosaken", "Lan-nyariosaken", "Lan-nyariyosaken", "Lan-piyambakipun-nyariyosaken", "kula-cariyosaken", "kula-nyariyosaken", "lan-kawula-nyariosaken", "lan-kula-cariyosaken", "lan-piyambakipun-nyariosaken", "lan-piyambakipun-nyariyosaken", "saha-kawula-badhé-nyariosaken", "sampun-kula-cariyosaken", "sampun-nyariosaken", "sampun-nyariosaken-", "sarta-nyariosaken"]·KO["그리고-말했다", "그리고-선포하리라", "그리고-이야기하리라", "그리고-이야기하리이다", "그리고-이야기하였다", "그리고-이야기했다", "그리고-전했다", "말하였나이다", "말해-다오", "선포하리로다", "아뢰었더니", "이야기하였도다", "전하리로다", "전해주었나이다"]·PT["Declararei", "E-contou", "Proclamarei", "conta", "contaram", "contarei", "contei", "e-contarei", "e-contou", "nos-contaram"]·RU["И-рассказал", "буду-возвещать", "возвещал-я", "возвещу", "и-возвещу", "и-пересказал", "и-расскажу", "и-рассказал", "расскажи-", "рассказал-я", "рассказали", "рассказывали"]·ES["Cuéntame", "Declararé", "Y-contó", "contaron-", "contaré", "conté", "declararé", "nos-contaron", "y-contaré", "y-contó"]·SW["Na-akaiambia", "Na-akamweleza", "Nitatangaza", "na-akaiambia", "na-akamwambia", "na-akasema", "na-akawaambia", "na-akawasimulia", "na-nitasimulia", "niambie-", "nimetangaza", "nitasimulia", "walituambia", "wametusimulia"]·TR["Ve-anlattı", "anlat-", "anlatacağım", "anlattılar", "anlattılar-", "anlattım", "ve-anlatacağım", "ve-anlattı", "ve-anlatırım"]·urd["اور-بیان-کروں-گا", "اور-بیان-کیا", "اور-سنایا", "بیان-کر-", "بیان-کروں-گا", "بیان-کیا", "بیان-کیں", "میں-بیان-کروں-گا", "وَ-میں-بیان-کروں-گا"]
2. contar, numerar (Qal) — Qal: contar, numerar, calcular — 27 ocurrencias que cubren la enumeración básica en el tema simple. Dios dice a Abraham 'cuenta las estrellas, si las puedes contar' (Gn 15:5), José dejó de contar el grano porque era incalculable (Gn 41:49) y el recuento censal de levitas y guerreros aparece en Números y Crónicas. 27×
AR["أَحصَيتَهُ", "أَحْصَاهُمْ", "أَعُدُّهَا", "الْعَادُّ", "الْكَاتِبُ", "تَعُدُّ", "تُحْصِي", "عَنِ-الْ-عَدِّ", "عُدُّوا", "عُدّوا", "وَ-تَعُدُّ", "وَ-عَدَّ", "وَ-عَدَّهَا", "وَ-عُدَّ", "وَ-يَعُدُّ", "وَتَعُدُّ", "وَتَعُدُّونَ", "يَعُدُّ"]·ben["আপনি-গণনা-করেন", "আর-গণনা-করলেন", "আর-তিনি-গণনা-করলেন-সেগুলো", "এবং-গণনা-করবে", "এবং-গোনো", "গণনা-কর", "গণনা-করতে", "গণনা-করি-তাদের,", "গণনা-করেছিলেন-তাদের", "গণনা-করেন", "তুমি-গণনা-করবে", "তুমি-গণনা-করেছ", "লেখক"]·DE["Buch", "[ויספרם]", "[יספור]", "[תספור]", "[תספר]", "du-haben-gezählt", "ich-zählen-ihnen", "und-du-soll-zaehlen", "und-sie-soll-zaehlen", "und-soll-zaehlen", "und-zaehlen", "und-zähle", "zaehlen", "zu-zaehlen", "zu-zählen", "zählen"]·EN["He-counts", "I-count-them", "You-have-counted", "and-count", "and-counted", "and-counted-them", "and-shall-count", "and-she-shall-count", "and-you-shall-count", "count", "counted-them", "do-you-count", "is-the-one-counting", "to-count", "you-count"]·FR["[ויספר]", "[ויספרם]", "[ספרו]", "[ספרם]", "et-compter", "et-devra-compter", "et-elle-devra-compter", "et-tu-devra-compter", "livre", "raconter", "à-compter"]·heb["אספרם", "ו-סופר", "ו-סופר-ם", "ו-ספר", "ו-ספרה", "ו-ספרת", "ו-ספרתם", "יספור", "ל-ספור", "ל-ספר", "סופר", "סופר-ם", "ספרו", "ספרתה", "תספור"]·HI["और-गिन", "और-गिना", "और-गिने-उन्हें", "और-गिनेगा", "और-गिनेगी", "और-गिनो", "के-लिए-गिनने", "गिनता-है", "गिनती-करनेवाला", "गिनना", "गिनी-हैं-तूने", "गिने-थे-उन्हें", "गिनो", "तू-गिनता-है", "मैं-गिनूँ"]·ID["Aku-menghitungnya", "Dan-hitunglah", "Dan-kamu-akan-menghitung", "Engkau menghitung", "Engkau-menghitung", "Ia menghitung", "dan-dihitungnya", "dan-hitunglah", "dan-menghitung", "dihitung-mereka", "hitunglah", "maka-menghitung", "menghitung", "penghitung"]·IT["a-contare", "contare", "e-contare", "e-dovra-contare", "e-ella-dovra-contare", "e-tu-dovra-contare", "narro'"]·jav["Lan-ngétang", "Lan-sami-ètang", "Menawi-kula-ngetang", "Panjenengan-ngetang", "dipuncacah", "juru-cacah", "juru-tulis", "lan-ngetang", "lan-ngétang", "lan-étangen", "mugi-surak", "ngetang", "ngitung", "ngitunganana", "sami-dipunluwari"]·KO["그가-세시나니", "그리고-너는-셀지니라", "그리고-세어라", "그리고-세어주었다-그것들", "그리고-세었다", "그리고-셀-것이다", "그리고-셀-것이다-너희는", "네가-세었느냐", "세기를", "세는-것을", "세는-자가", "세라", "세면", "세셨도다", "세소서", "세시되", "세었다-그들-을"]·PT["Contas", "E-contareis", "E-contarás", "E-contou", "Se-os-contasse", "a-contar", "conta", "contai", "contas", "contaste", "de-contar", "e-conta", "e-contará", "e-os-contou", "o-que-conta", "recenseou-os"]·RU["и-исчислил", "и-отсчитай", "и-отсчитайте", "и-перечислил-их", "и-сосчитает", "и-сосчитай", "исчислил-их", "пересчитайте", "сосчитаю-их", "считает", "считаешь", "считал-Ты", "считать", "считающий", "счётчик"]·ES["Los-contaré", "Y-contarás", "Y-contaréis", "Y-contó", "a-contar", "contad", "contaste", "cuenta", "cuentas", "cuenten", "de-contar", "el-que-cuenta", "escriba", "los-contó", "y-contará", "y-cuenta", "y-los-contó", "¿Cuentas"]·SW["Na-mtahesabu", "Na-utahesabu", "alihesabu", "anahesabu", "atahesabu", "hesabuni", "kuhesabu", "mhesabuji", "na-akahesabu", "na-akavihesabu", "na-uhesabu", "nikiyahesabu", "umeihesabu", "unahesabu", "wahesabuni"]·TR["Sayar-mısın", "Ve-saydı", "sayan", "sayar", "sayarsın", "saydın-", "saymaya", "saymayı", "saymıştı-onları", "saysam-onları", "sayın", "ve-say", "ve-sayacak", "ve-sayacaksın", "ve-sayacaksınız", "ve-saydi-onlari"]·urd["اور-گن", "اور-گنا", "اور-گنو", "اور-گِن-لے", "اور-گِنے-انہیں", "اگر-میں-گنوں-اُنہیں", "تو-گنے", "لکھنے-والا", "کیا-تو-گنتا-ہے", "گنا", "گنتا ہے", "گنتا-ہے-تُو", "گننا", "گننے-والا", "گنو", "گِنی-تُو-نے"]
3. ser contado (Nifal) — Nifal: ser contado, ser numerado — 8 ocurrencias en el tema pasivo, casi siempre en contextos de multitud incontable. A Agar se le dice que su descendencia 'no podrá ser contada por su multitud' (Gn 16:10); igualmente la de Jacob (Gn 32:12), y los obreros importados de Salomón 'fueron contados' en 153.600 (2 Cr 2:17). 8×
AR["تُحْصَى", "فَأُحْصِيَ", "يُحْصى", "يُحْصَى", "يُعَدُّ"]·ben["আর-গণনা-করা-হল", "গণনা-করা-যাবে", "গণনা-করা-যায়", "গণনা-হতে-পারে", "গোনা-যাবে", "গোনা-যায়", "সংখ্যা-হবে"]·DE["er-erzaehlt", "gezählt-werden-kann", "kann-sein-counted", "koennte-sein-counted", "und-zaehlen", "wird-er-gezählt-werden", "zaehlen"]·EN["and-were-numbered", "can-be-counted", "could-be-counted", "it-will-be-counted"]·FR["[ויספרו]", "[יספרו]", "can-être-compta", "cela---être-compta", "compter", "il-comptera", "peut-être-compta", "pourrait-être-compta"]·heb["ו-סופר", "ייספר", "יספר", "יספרו", "סופר"]·HI["और-गिने-गए", "गिन-जयेग", "गिनी-जा-सकती", "गिनी-जाएगी", "गिनी-जाती", "गिने-जाते-थे"]·ID["dan-dihitung", "dapat-dibilang", "dapat-dihitung"]·IT["can-essere-contò", "contare", "e-contare", "esso-will-essere-contò", "potrebbe-essere-contò", "può-essere-contò"]·jav["Lan-kaitung", "badhé-kaétang", "dipun-etang", "saged-dipun-etang", "saged-dipun-wilang", "saged-dipunétang", "saged-diétang", "saged-kaétang"]·KO["그리고-세어졌다", "세어지다", "세어지리라", "세어질-수-있었다", "셀-수-없는", "셀-수-있는", "셀-수-있다", "헤아리리라"]·PT["E-foram-contados", "contados", "contavam-se", "pode-ser-contado", "será-contada", "será-numerado"]·RU["и-исчислены-были", "исчислить", "исчисляется", "сосчитается", "счислялись"]·ES["Y-fueron-contados", "podían-ser-contados", "puede-ser-calculado", "puede-ser-contado", "se-contará", "será-contada", "serán-contados"]·SW["Na-wakahesabiwa", "haitahesabika", "hawakuhesabika", "hesabika", "hesabiwa", "kuhesabika", "watakokotolewa"]·TR["Ve-sayıldı", "hesaplanacak", "sayılabilir", "sayılacak", "sayılır", "sayılırlardı"]·urd["-گنے-جا-سکتے-تھے", "اور-گنے-گئے", "شمار-کی-جائے", "گنی-جائے-گی", "گنی-جائےگی", "گنیں-جا-سکتیں", "گنے-جا-سکتے"]
4. ser relatado (Pual) — Pual: ser relatado, ser declarado — 5 ocurrencias en el pasivo del Piel, recibiendo la narración en vez de realizarla. '¿Se le contará que yo quisiera hablar?' (Job 37:20); 'lo que no se les había contado verán' (Is 52:15); 'una posteridad le servirá; será contada al Señor por generación' (Sal 22:30). 5×
AR["أُخبِرَ", "هَلْ-يُحَدَّثُ", "هَلْ-يُخْبَرُ-", "يُحْكَى", "يُخْبَرْ"]·ben["কি-বলা-হবে-", "বর্ণনা-করা-হলেও", "বর্ণনা-হবে", "বর্ণনা-হবে-কি", "বলা-হয়েছিল"]·DE["Buch", "der-er-erzaehlt", "er-erzaehlt", "es-soll-sein-told", "wird-es-sein-declared"]·EN["it-shall-be-told", "it-were-told", "shall-it-be-told-", "was-told", "will-it-be-declared"]·FR["il-comptera", "il-racontera", "le-il-racontera", "livre", "raconter"]·heb["ה-יסופר", "יסופר", "סופר"]·HI["उनको", "क्या-बताया-जाए", "क्या-वर्णित-होगी", "बताया-जाए", "वर्णन-किया-जाएगा"]·ID["Apakah diberitahukan-", "Apakah-diceritakan", "diceritakan", "diceritakan."]·IT["contare", "narro'"]·jav["Menapa-badhé-dipun-cariyosaken", "Punapa-dipuncariosaken", "dipun-cariyosaken", "dipuncariyosaken"]·KO["선포되리이까", "전할지라도", "전해지겠느냐", "전해지리로다", "전해진"]·PT["Será-contado-", "Será-declarada", "for-contada", "lhes-foi-contado", "será-contado"]·RU["будет-ли-рассказано-", "будет-поведано", "было-рассказано", "неужели-будет-поведано", "расскажут"]·ES["les-fue-contado", "se-contará", "sea-contada", "¿Acaso-se-contará", "¿Le-será-contado-"]·SW["Je-itasimuliwa", "ambiwa", "ikiambiwa", "itasimiliwa", "je-aambiwe"]·TR["anlatilan", "anlatılacak", "anlatılsa", "anlatılır-mı", "mı-Anlatılır-"]·urd["بتایا-گیا", "بیان-کیا-جائے", "شمار-کیا-جائے-گا", "کیا بتایا جائے گا", "ہَ-کیا-بیان-ہو-گی"]
5. enumerar exhaustivamente (Piel) — Piel con fuerza de enumeración exhaustiva: contar minuciosamente, enumerar por completo — 3 ocurrencias donde la intensificación piel empuja a סָפַר de vuelta hacia su sentido de contar, pero con énfasis en la exhaustividad o en la imposibilidad declarada. '¿Quién puede contar las nubes?' (Job 38:37); 'puedo contar todos mis huesos' (Sal 22:17). 3×
AR["أُحْصِي", "عَنِ-الإِحْصاءِ", "يُحْصِي"]·ben["আমি-গণনা-করতে-পারি", "গণনা-করবে", "গণনা-থেকে"]·DE["als-kann-sein-gezählt", "er-erzaehlt", "ich-kann-zählen"]·EN["I-can-count", "can-count", "than-can-be-numbered"]·FR["de-raconter", "raconter"]·heb["אספר", "יספור", "מ-ספר"]·HI["गिन-सकता-हूँ", "गिन-सकता-है", "गिनने-से"]·ID["menghitung"]·IT["contare", "narro'"]·jav["Kula-nètung", "kanggé-dipun-itang", "ngetang"]·KO["-세기-에서", "세겠느냐", "셀수-있음이라"]·PT["Conto", "contará", "do-que-contar"]·RU["исчислит", "свыше-счёта", "считаю"]·ES["de-contar", "puede-contar", "puedo-contar"]·SW["Ninaweza-kuhesabu", "anahesabu", "kuliko-kuhesabu"]·TR["-saymaktan", "sayabilirim", "sayar"]·urd["شمار-سے-زیادہ", "میں-گن-سکتا-ہوں", "گنتا ہے"]
Sentidos Relacionados
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Referencia BDB / Léxico
סָפַר107 vb. count, Pi. recount, relate (prob. ancient denom. from סֵפֶר; NH = BH; Ethiopic ሰፈረ; measure Di404);— Qal27 Pf. 3 ms. ס׳ 2 S 24:10, 2 ms. סָפַרְתָּה ψ 56:9, וְסָפַרְתָּ֫ Lv 25:8, etc.; Impf. יִסְפֹּר ψ 87:6 + Jb 38:37 where read prob. יִסְפֹּר (Bu) for MT יְסַפֵּר, יְסְפּוֹר Jb 31:4, וַיִּסְפֹּר 2 Ch 2:1, 16, sf. וַיִּסְפְּרֵם Ezr 1:8; 2 ms. תִּסְפֹּר Jb 39:2, תִּסְפּוֹר 14:16,…