H5594 H5594
To wail, lament, or mourn for the dead; by extension a mourner or the act of lamentation itself.
A verb rooted in the physical act of beating the breast in grief, sapad covers the full range of mourning: wailing for a death, ritually lamenting in a funeral procession, or grieving a national calamity. Cognates in Aramaic (sepad) and Akkadian (sapadu) confirm this as a deeply ancient Near Eastern mourning term. When Abraham rises to sapad for Sarah in Genesis 23:2, the word carries the weight of audible, public grief — not private sorrow. Zechariah 12:10 envisions a future day when all Jerusalem will sapad as for an only son, a passage that gave rise to rich messianic interpretation.
3. mourning or lamentation (noun) — The derived noun misped (מִסְפֵּד), denoting a mourning ceremony, occasion of lamentation, or the sound of wailing itself. In Zechariah 12:10 the misped is compared to the grief at Hadad-Rimmon, a place-name tradition of great public mourning. Micah 1:11 pairs it with toponyms, suggesting a ritualized communal event rather than spontaneous weeping. 2×
AR["كَ-نَوْحٍ","مَنَاحَةُ"]·ben["বিলাপ","শোকের-মতো"]·DE["[כמספד]","[מספד]"]·EN["lamentation-of","like-mourning"]·FR["se-lamenter"]·heb["כ-מספד","מספד"]·HI["जैसे-विलाप","विलाप"]·ID["ratapan","seperti-ratapan"]·IT["come-lamento","lamento"]·jav["kados-sesambat","tangis"]·KO["애곡-이","애통-같이"]·PT["como-lamento","lamentação-de"]·RU["как-рыдание","плач"]·ES["como-duelo","lamento-de"]·SW["kama-kuomboleza","maombolezo-ya"]·TR["ağıt-gibi","ağıtı"]·urd["ماتم","ماتم-کی-طرح"]
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
1. mourn or lament (Qal active) — The core active Qal meaning: to mourn, lament, or wail aloud, typically for the dead but also over impending doom or national disaster. This sense accounts for the great majority of occurrences. Spanish consistently renders lamentar, while French uses pleurer ('to weep'), pointing to the audible, demonstrative character of the grief. Key passages include Abraham mourning Sarah (Gen 23:2), David's lament for Abner (2 Sam 3:31), and the land mourning in Micah 1:8. 25×
AR["أَنُوحُ","انْدُبْنَ","تَنْدُبُونَ","تَنْدُبْ","فَنَاحُوا","فَنَاحُوا-","لِ-تَنُوحَ","لِـ-يَنُوحَ","لِلنَّوْحِ","لِيَنُوحَ","نُوحُوا","وَ-نَاحُوا","وَ-يَنُوحُونَ","وَانْدُبُوا","وَناحوا","وَناحَت","يَنُوحُونَ","يَنْدُبُونَ-"]·ben["আমি-বিলাপ-করব","আর-তারা-বিলাপ-করল-","আর-বিলাপ-কর","আর-বিলাপ-করলেন","এবং-তারা-শোক-করবে","এবং-বিলাপ-করলেন-","এবং-শোক-করল","তারা-শোক-করবে","বিলাপ-কর","বিলাপ-করতে","বিলাপ-করবে-","শোক-করতে","শোক-করবে-তুমি","শোক-করবে-তোমরা"]·DE["[אספדה]","[וספדו]","[ספוד]","[תספד]","[תספדו]","klagen","um-zu-klagen","und-mourn","und-mourned","und-sie-hielten-Totenklage","und-sie-mourned","und-sie-mourned-","zu-mourn"]·EN["I-will-lament","and-lamented-","and-mourn","and-mourned","and-she-mourned","and-they-mourned","and-they-mourned-","and-they-will-mourn","lament","they-will-lament","to-lament","to-mourn","you-shall-lament"]·FR["et-elle-pleura","et-ils-pleura","et-ils-pleura-","et-pleura","et-pleure","et-se-lamenta-","et-se-lamenter","se-lamenter","à-pleure","à-pleurer"]·heb["אספדה","ו-יספדו","ו-ספדו","ו-ספדו-","ו-ספדו־","ו-תספוד","יספדו","ל-ספד","ל-ספוד","ספדו","ספוד","ספודנה","תספדו","תספוד"]·HI["और-विलअप-किय-","और-विलाप-करो","और-विलाप-किया","और-विलाप-किया-","और-वे-विलाप-करेंगे","और-शोक-किया","मैं-विलाप-करूंगा","विलाप-करने-को","विलाप-करेंगे-","विलाप-करो","शोक-करने-के-लिए","शोक-करेंगे","शोक-का"]·ID["akan-meratapi","aku-akan-meratap","berkabunglah","dan-dia-meratapi","dan-meratapi-","dan-merataplah","dan-mereka-akan-meratapi","dan-mereka-meratap","dan-mereka-meratapi","engkau-meratap","kamu-akan-meratap","mereka-akan-meratapi-","rataplah","untuk-berkabung","untuk-meratap","untuk-meratapi"]·IT["a-fa-cordoglio","a-fare-cordoglio","a-mourn","e-ella-fece-cordoglio","e-essi-fece-cordoglio","e-essi-fece-cordoglio-","e-fa-cordoglio","e-fece-cordoglio","e-lamentò-","e-piangere","lamentarsi","piangere"]·jav["Lan-sesambat","badhe-sami-nangisi","kangge-nangisi","kanggé-nangisi,","kula-badhé-sambat","lajeng-ratap","lan-nangisi","lan-piyambakipun-sami-mratelakaken","lan-sesambat","lan-sesambat-","lan-sesambata","panjenengan-nangis","panjenengan-sedaya-nangis","piyambakipun-badhé-nangisi-","prihatin","sambat-sambata","sesambata"]·KO["그들이-애곡하리라","그들이-애도하리라-","그리고-슬퍼하였다-","그리고-슬퍼했다","그리고-애곡하라","그리고-애곡하였다-","그리고-애곡했다","그리고-애도했다","그리고-애통하리라","슬퍼하기-위해","슬퍼하려고","슬피-울겠다","애곡하라","애곡하러","애공하기-위한","애통하라","애통하여라"]·PT["E-lamentaram","e-lamentai","e-lamentaram","e-lamentaram-","e-lamentarão","e-lamentou","lamentai","lamentarei","lamentareis","lamentarás","lamentarão","lamentarão-","para-lamentar","para-prantear","para-prantear,"]·RU["буду-плакать","будут-оплакивать","будут-оплакивать-","и-будут-рыдать","и-не-","и-оплакивала","и-оплакивали","и-оплакивали-","и-рыдайте","и-рыдали-","и-скорбели","на-ногах","оплакать","оплакивать","рыдайте","скорбеть","скорбеть,"]·ES["Y-lamentaron","a-lamentar","harás-lamento","haréis-lamento","lamentad","lamentarán","lamentaré","laméntense","le-lamentarán","para-lamentar","para-lamentarse","y-harán-duelo","y-hicieron-duelo-","y-lamentad","y-lamentaron","y-lamentó","y-lo-lloraron","y-se-lamentaron"]·SW["Na-wakaomboleza","akamkalia","akaomboleza","kulia","kumomboleza","kuomboleza","mwombolezea","na-wakamlilia","na-wakamomboleza","na-wataomboleza","nitaomboleza","omboleza","omboleze","ombolezeni","wa-kuomboleza","watakulilia"]·TR["ağlayacağım","ağlayın","ağıt-yakacaklar-","ağıt-yakın","için-ağlamak","ve-ağladı","ve-ağıt-yakacaklar","ve-yas-tuttular","ve-yas-tuttular-","ve-yas-tutun","yas-tutacaklar","yas-tutacaksın","yas-tutacaksınız","yas-tutmak-icin","yas-tutmak-için"]·urd["اور-ماتم-کرو","اور-ماتم-کریں-گے","اور-ماتم-کیا","اور-ماتم-کیا-","روؤ","ماتم-کا","ماتم-کرنا","ماتم-کرنے-کو","ماتم-کرنے-کے-لیے","ماتم-کرو","ماتم-کروں-گا","ماتم-کریں-گے","ماتم-کریں-گے-"]
Gen 23:2, Gen 50:10, 1 Sam 25:1, 1 Sam 28:3, 2 Sam 1:12, 2 Sam 3:31, 2 Sam 11:26, 1 Kgs 13:29, 1 Kgs 13:30, 1 Kgs 14:13, 1 Kgs 14:18, Eccl 3:4 (+13 more)
2. be lamented (Nifal passive) — The Niphal (passive) form: to be lamented or mourned. In Jeremiah 16:4 and 16:6, those who die will 'not be lamented' — the passive construction emphasizing not the mourner's action but the absence of any mourner for the dead. Spanish captures this with the reflexive serán llorados ('they will be wept for'), reflecting the shift from agent to patient. 3×
AR["يُنَاحُونَ","يُنْدَبُونَ"]·ben["শোক-করা-হবে"]·DE["klagen"]·EN["they-will-be-lamented","they-will-lament"]·FR["se-lamenter"]·heb["ייספדו"]·HI["विलाप-किया-जाएगा","शोक-मनाया-जाएगा"]·ID["akan-diratapi","diratapi"]·IT["lamentarsi"]·jav["badhe-dipun-tangisi","dipuntangisi"]·KO["애곡되지"]·PT["prantearão","serão-pranteados"]·RU["будут-оплаканы","будут-оплакивать"]·ES["los-lamentarán","serán-llorados"]·SW["ombolezwa"]·TR["ağlanacak","yas-tutulacak"]·urd["ماتم-کیا-جائے-گا","نوحہ-کیا-جائے-گا"]
4. mourner (participle substantivized) — The substantivized participle: a mourner, one who beats the breast in professional or ritual lamentation. Isaiah 32:12 pictures mourners striking themselves over fertile fields turned desolate. Ecclesiastes 12:5 places the sofdim in the street as part of its haunting portrait of death, where the professional mourners circling the market become an image of life's end. 2×
AR["تَلْطُمُونَ","هَ-سُوفْدِيم"]·ben["বিলাপ-করো","বিলাপকারীরা"]·DE["[הספדים]","klagen"]·EN["beating","the-mourners"]·FR["le-se-lamenter","se-lamenter"]·heb["ה-סופדים","סופדים"]·HI["पीटो","विलाप-करनेवाले"]·ID["memukul-mukul","orang-orang-yang-meratap"]·IT["il-il-mourners","lamentarsi"]·jav["ingkang-sesambat","sami-nangis"]·KO["애공하는-자들-그","치며"]·PT["lamentando","os-pranteadores"]·RU["бейтесь","плакальщики."]·ES["golpeándose","los-plañideros"]·SW["ombolezeni","waombolezaji"]·TR["dovunerek","yas-tutanlar"]·urd["ماتم-کرنے-والے","پیٹو"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [סָפַד] vb. wail, lament (NH id.; 𝔗 סְפַד, ChrPal Aramaic ܣܦܕ id., SchwallyIdiot. 64; Assyrian [sapâdu], sipdu, sipittu, mourning DlHWB 507; cf. Amhar. ሰደፌ dirge PräZMGxxxv(1881), 762);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְסָֽפְדָה consec. Zc 12:12, 3 pl. וְסָֽפְדוּ consec. 1 K 14:13 Zc 12:10; Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּסְפֹּד 2 S 11:26, 2 ms. תִּסְפֹּד Ez 24:16, 1 s. cohort. אֶסְפְּדָה Mi 1:8, 3 mpl. יִסְפְּדוּ Je 6:16 +,…