H5050 H5050
To shine, give light, illuminate — of light breaking forth (Qal) or causing brightness to dispel darkness (Hifil).
A verb meaning to shine or give light, appearing in both Qal (intransitive: light shines forth) and Hifil (causative: to enlighten, cause to shine). In its most celebrated use, Isaiah 9:2 declares that upon those walking in darkness 'light has shone' — a passage central to messianic expectation. The Hifil form in Psalm 18:28 and 2 Samuel 22:29 expresses God's personal illumination: 'the LORD lights up my darkness.' Job 18:5 uses the negative — the flame of the wicked will not shine — as a metaphor for the extinction of hope. The consistent rendering across Spanish (brillar, alumbrar) and French (briller) captures the radiant, breakthrough quality of this verb.
Senses
1. shine, give light — To shine forth or cause to give light, spanning the intransitive Qal (light shining of its own accord, as in Isa 9:2 and Job 22:28) and the causative Hifil (God illuminating human darkness, as in 2 Sam 22:29 / Ps 18:28, or the moon failing to give its light, Isa 13:10). The verb carries strong theological resonance: divine light breaking into human darkness. Spanish 'brillar/alumbrar' and French 'briller' consistently render the luminous, hope-bearing quality. Job 18:5 uses the negative to devastating effect — the wicked person's flame will not shine. 6×
AR["أَشْرَقَ", "يَتَوَهَّجُ", "يُشِرِقُ", "يُضِيءُ", "يُنِيرُ"]·ben["আলোকিত-করেন", "উজ্জ্বল-করেন", "উজ্জ্বল-হবে", "উজ্জ্বল-হয়েছে", "জ্বলবে", "দেবে"]·DE["[יגה]", "[יגיה]", "[נגה]", "illumines", "macht-hell"]·EN["has-shone", "illumines", "makes-bright", "will-make-bright", "will-shine"]·FR["[יגיה]", "[נגה]", "briller", "illumines", "יגה", "נגה"]·heb["יגה", "יגיה", "נגה"]·HI["चमकाएगा", "चमकी", "चमकेगी", "प्रकाश-देगा", "प्रकाशित-करेगा", "लौ"]·ID["bersinar", "mencerahkan", "menerangi", "telah-bersinar"]·IT["[יגיה]", "[נגה]", "brillo'", "illumines", "will-shine"]·jav["Panjenengan-padhangi", "badhe-sumunar", "badhé-madhangi", "madhangi", "sampun-sumorot", "sumunar"]·KO["밝히신다", "비추리라", "비추었도다", "빛나리라", "빛나지-않으리라", "환하게-하시나이다"]·PT["brilhará", "brilhou", "fará-resplandecer", "ilumina", "iluminará"]·RU["будет-светить", "воссиял", "засияет", "излучит", "освещает"]·ES["alumbrará", "brillará", "hará-brillar", "iluminará", "resplandecerá", "resplandeció"]·SW["anaangaza", "ataangazia", "haitaangaza", "imewang'azia", "itaangaza", "nuru"]·TR["aydınlatır", "parladi", "parlar", "parlayacak"]·urd["روشن-کرتا-ہے", "چمکائے-گا", "چمکی", "چمکے گی"]
Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)H2822 1. darkness, absence of light (80×)G5457 1. light (illumination) (71×)G0450 1. rise, stand up (physical) (69×)H6965b 2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid (50×)H6999a 2. burn sacrifice on altar (Hifil) (45×)H5553 1. rock, cliff (physical feature) (43×)H6965b 4. Hifil: to establish, confirm (covenant/kingdom/word) (40×)H1197a 1. burn, be on fire (39×)H4306 1. rain, showers (38×)H1653 1. rain, precipitation (34×)G4655 1. darkness (30×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† נָגַהּ vb. shine (Assyrian nagû, shine, beam, be joyful, DlHWB 446; Ethiopic ነግሀ: Aramaic ܢܓܰܗ; NH 𝔗 נוֹגְהָא planet Venus)— Qal Pf. ועל־דרכיך נ׳ אוֹר Jb 22:28; אור נ׳ עליהם Is 9:1; Impf. ולא־יִגַּהּ שְׁבִיב אִשּׁוֹ Jb 18:5. Hiph. Impf. 1. enlighten ויהוה יַגִּיהַּ חָשְׁכִּי 2 S 22:29 = יהוה אלהי יַגִּהַּ חשׁכי ψ 18:29. 2. cause to shine (of moon) וְיָרֵחַ לא־יַגִּיהַּ אוֹרוֹ׃ Is 13:10 (‖ חָשַׁך).