H4334 H4334
A level plain or tableland; smooth, even ground; uprightness or equity in judgment
From the high plateau east of the Jordan to the moral landscape of just governance, this noun traces a path from geography to ethics. Deuteronomy and Joshua use it repeatedly for the Transjordanian tableland between the Arnon and Heshbon, a specific elevated plain familiar to ancient Israel. The Psalms extend the image: the worshiper prays for a level path free of stumbling (Ps 27:11), and Isaiah envisions God making rough terrain smooth (Isa 40:4). At its most abstract, it describes uprightness in rule, the scepter of equity in Psalm 45:6 and the fair judgment of Malachi 2:6.
Senses
1. plain, tableland, plateau — A geographical plain, tableland, or plateau, especially the elevated Transjordanian region between the Arnon and Heshbon. Spanish meseta and llanura confirm the terrain reference. Deuteronomy 3:10 and Joshua 13:9-21 anchor this sense in concrete topography, contrasting the plain with the hill country and the valley. 14×
AR["السَّهْلُ", "السَّهْلِ", "الْ-سَهْلِ", "سَهْلًا", "في-ال-سَّهْلِ", "في-الْ-سَهْلِ", "فِي-السَّهْلِ", "وَ-بِـ-الْمُسْتَوِي"]·ben["-সমতলের", "ও-সমতলে", "সমতল", "সমতলে", "সমতলের", "সমভূমি", "সমভূমিতে", "সমভূমির"]·DE["[המישר]", "[ובמישור]", "[למישר]", "der-Hochebene", "der-tableland", "in-der-Ebene", "in-der-plain", "in-der-tableland"]·EN["and-in-the-plain", "in-the-plain", "in-the-tableland", "the-plain", "the-plateau", "the-tableland", "to-a-plain"]·FR["[המישר]", "[ובמישור]", "dans-le-plain", "dans-le-plaine", "dans-le-tableland", "le-plateau", "le-tableland", "pour-la-plaine"]·heb["ב-מישור", "ה-מישור", "ו-ב-ה-מישור", "ל-מישור"]·HI["और-मैदान-में", "और-रामोत", "के-लिए-समतल।", "मैदान", "मैदान-का", "मैदान-के", "मैदान-में", "समतल-का"]·ID["dan-di-dataran-tinggi", "dataran-tinggi", "di-dataran", "di-dataran-tinggi", "menjadi-dataran"]·IT["[ובמישור]", "il-plateau", "il-tableland", "in-il-pianura", "in-il-tableland", "pianura", "rettitudine"]·jav["dados-rata", "dataran", "dataran-inggil", "ing-dataran-inggil", "ing-dhataran", "lan-wonten-ing-dataran"]·KO["그-평원의", "그-평지를", "그-평지의", "그리고-에-그-고원", "에-평지로", "에-평지에", "평지-에", "평지가", "평지에서-", "평지의"]·PT["a-planície", "a-planície-de", "e-no-planalto", "na-planície", "o-planalto", "para-planície", "planalto"]·RU["-равнины", "в-равнину", "и-на-равнине", "на-равнине", "равнина", "равнину", "равнины"]·ES["en-el-llano", "en-la-llanura", "en-la-meseta", "la-llanura", "la-llanura-de", "la-meseta", "y-en-la-llanura", "¡una-llanura!"]·SW["katika-ha-uwanda", "katika-tambarare", "na-katika-uwanda", "tambarare", "utakuwa-tambarare", "uwanda", "uwandani", "ya-uwanda"]·TR["-de-ovada", "Ova-olarak", "a-ova", "ova", "ovada", "ovanın", "ovası", "ve-düzlüklerde"]·urd["-میدان", "اور-میدان-میں", "میدان", "میدان-میں", "میدان-کی", "میدان-کے", "میدان-ہو"]
Deut 3:10, Deut 4:43, Josh 13:9, Josh 13:16, Josh 13:17, Josh 13:21, Josh 20:8, 1 Kgs 20:23, 1 Kgs 20:25, 2 Chr 26:10, Jer 21:13, Jer 48:8 (+2 more)
2. level ground, smooth path — Level, even ground understood figuratively as a smooth and safe path, free from obstacles and dangers. The Psalms ask God for an even road (Ps 27:11; 143:10), and Isaiah 40:4 promises that crooked places will become straight. The metaphor maps physical terrain onto the experience of divine guidance and security. 5×
AR["فِي-اسْتِقَامَةٍ", "مُسْتَقِيمًا", "مُسْتَقِيمٍ", "مُسْتَوِيَةٍ"]·ben["সমতল।", "সমতলে", "সমতলের"]·DE["[למישור]", "auf-level-ground", "level", "level-ground"]·EN["into-level-ground", "level", "level-ground", "on-level-ground"]·FR["[למישור]", "dans-plaine", "de-plaine"]·heb["ב-מישור", "ל-מישור", "מישור"]·HI["में-समतल-जगह", "समतल", "समतल-की"]·ID["dataran", "menjadi-lurus", "yang-rata"]·IT["pianura"]·jav["ing-papan-rata", "rata"]·KO["평탄한", "평탄한-곳-에", "평탄함으로"]·PT["em-lugar-plano", "em-plano", "para-plano", "plana"]·RU["на-ровном-месте", "прямым", "равнины", "ровной"]·ES["en-llano", "en-llanura", "en-lugar-recto", "rectitud"]·SW["kuwa-sawa", "mahali-tambarare", "tambarare", "ya-usawa"]·TR["duz-olacak", "düzlükte-", "düzlüğün", "ova-olacak"]·urd["-ہموار-زمین-پر", "سیدھے", "ہموار"]
3. uprightness, equity, fairness — Uprightness, equity, or fairness in moral and judicial contexts, the abstract extension of physical levelness into ethical straightness. Psalm 45:6 speaks of a scepter of equity, Isaiah 11:4 of judging the poor with fairness, and Malachi 2:6 of walking with God in peace and uprightness. Spanish equidad and rectitud capture this ethical dimension. 4×
AR["اسْتِقامَةٍ", "بِ-اسْتِقامَةٍ", "بِـ-الاسْتِقَامَةِ", "وَبِالاسْتِقَامَةِ"]·ben["-সরলতায়", "এবং-ন্যায়ে", "ন্যায়ের", "সরলতায়"]·DE["[במישור]", "[ובמישור]", "mit-equity", "uprightness"]·EN["and-in-uprightness", "uprightness", "with-equity", "with-fairness"]·FR["dans-la-plaine", "de-plaine", "et-dans-la-droiture"]·heb["ב-מישור", "ו-ב-מישור", "מישור"]·HI["और-में-सीधाई", "न्याय-का", "सीधाई-से", "सीधापन-से"]·ID["dan-dalam-kelurusan", "dengan-keadilan", "dengan-kejujuran"]·IT["e-rettitudine", "pianura", "rettitudine"]·jav["ing-leres", "kabeneran", "lan-ing-leres", "mawi-adil"]·KO["공정-의", "공평-으로", "공평함-으로", "그리고-에-정직함"]·PT["com-equidade", "e-em-retidão", "retidão"]·RU["в-справедливости", "и-в-правде", "справедливо", "справедливости"]·ES["con-equidad", "equidad", "y-en-rectitud"]·SW["kwa-unyofu", "kwa-usawa", "na-kwa-unyofu", "unyofu"]·TR["doğruluk", "doğrulukla", "duzluk-ile", "ve-doğrulukta"]·urd["انصاف-سے", "اور-راستی-میں", "دیانت-سے", "راستی-کا"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† מִישׁוֹר n.m. Je 48:8 level place, uprightness;—מ׳ ψ 27:11 + 9 times; מִישֹׁר Zc 4:7 (v. Baer) + 12 times;— 1. 3 antith. הר(ים) 1 K 20:23, 25 Zc 4:7; עָקֹב Is 40:4; מַעֲקַשִּׁים 42:16; + שְׁפֵלָה 2 Ch 26:10; ‖ עֵמֶק Je 21:13; הַמִּישׁוֹר specifically of the elevated plateau or 3 between the Arnon and Heshbon Dt 3:10; 4:43 Jos 13:9, 16, 17, 21; 20:8 Je 48:8, 21. 2. level place (free from…