H4093 H4093
knowledge, learning, science; thought, inner awareness, mind
Senses
1. knowledge, learning, science — The masculine noun מַדָּע (madda) in its primary sense of 'knowledge, learning, understanding', denoting acquired intellectual content or educated awareness. Found in Daniel 1:4, 17 and 2 Chronicles 1:10-12, referring to the knowledge and learning that Daniel and his companions possessed, and the knowledge that God gave Solomon. The translations converge on formal/academic knowledge: eng 'knowledge/learning', spa 'conocimiento/ciencia', hin 'ज्ञान/विज्ञान', arb 'عِلْمٍ/مَعْرِفَةً', kor '지식/학문', swa 'maarifa/elimu'. The conjunctive-waw forms (S109874, 'and knowledge/and the knowledge') are syntactically conditioned variants of the same noun and merge naturally with the bare forms (S109875, 'knowledge/learning'). 5×
AR["عِلْمًا","عِلْمٍ","وَ-الْمَعْرِفَةُ","وَ-مَعْرِفَةً"]·ben["আর-জ্ঞান","আর-সেই-জ্ঞান","জ্ঞান","বিজ্ঞান"]·DE["[והמדע]","[ומדע]","[מדע]"]·EN["and-knowledge","and-the-knowledge","knowledge","learning"]·FR["connaissance","et-intelligence"]·heb["ו-ה-מדע","ו-מדע","מדע"]·HI["और-ज्ञान","ज्ञान","विज्ञान"]·ID["dan-pengetahuan","ilmu"]·IT["[מדע]","e-intelligenza"]·jav["lan-pangertosan","ngelmu"]·KO["그리고-그-지식","그리고-지식","지식과","학문을"]·PT["ciência","e-conhecimento","e-o-conhecimento"]·RU["и-знание","науку","познание"]·ES["ciencia","conocimiento","y-conocimiento","y-el-conocimiento"]·SW["elimu","maarifa","na-maarifa"]·TR["bilgi","ilim","ve-bilgi"]·urd["اور-علم","دانش"]
2. thought, inner awareness, mind — A secondary, more internalized sense of מַדָּע (madda) meaning 'thought, inner awareness, mental consciousness', found in Ecclesiastes 10:20 in the phrase 'even in your thought (bemaddaakha) do not curse the king'. Here the word denotes not acquired learning but the private inner workings of the mind -- one's silent, internal cognition. This usage is distinct from the academic/formal 'knowledge' sense because it refers to unexpressed mental activity rather than accumulated learning. The multilingual evidence supports a distinct semantic nuance: eng 'in your thoughts', spa 'en tu pensamiento', hin 'अपने मन में' (in your mind), arb 'بِ مَدَّعَكَ', kor '생각 너의 에서' (in your thoughts), swa 'katika mawazo yako' (in your thoughts). The Hindi 'मन में' and Swahili 'mawazo yako' both use words for 'mind/thoughts' rather than 'knowledge', confirming the semantic distinction. 1×
AR["بِ-مَدَّعَكَ"]·ben["তোমার-মনে"]·DE["[במדעך]"]·EN["in-your-thoughts"]·FR["dans-ton-במדעך-toi"]·heb["ב-מדעך"]·HI["अपने-मन-में"]·ID["dalam-pikiranmu"]·IT["in-in-tuo-thoughts-tuo"]·jav["ing-pamikir-panjenengan"]·KO["생각-너의-에서"]·PT["em-pensamento-teu"]·RU["в-мыслях-твоих"]·ES["en-tu-pensamiento"]·SW["katika-mawazo-yako"]·TR["dusuncende"]·urd["اپنے-خیال-میں"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† מַדָּע n.m. 2 Ch 1:12 knowledge, thought (late); מַדָּע 2 Ch 1:10 + 4 times; מַדָּֽעֲךָ Ec 10:20;— 1. knowledge (‖ חָכְמָה) of Solomon, 2 Ch 1:10, 11, 12 Dn 1:4 (‖ חָכְמָה and דַּעַת), v 7 (‖ הַשְׂכֵּל). 2. place of knowledge, mind, (in our idiom also) thought Ec 10:20.