H3772 H3772
Cortar — físicamente árboles u objetos, cortar un pacto, o ser cortado como castigo divino; abarca Qal, Nifal, Hifil y Hofal.
Un verbo cuya acción física concreta —cortar con una hoja— genera el modismo pactal más importante de la Biblia hebrea y su fórmula de juicio más severa. Cuando Abraham 'corta' un pacto en Gn 15:18, la palabra preserva la memoria de un antiguo ritual en el que los animales se partían literalmente y las partes contratantes caminaban entre los pedazos. Cuando Dios amenaza con que un alma 'será cortada de su pueblo' (Éx 12:15), la misma raíz porta una finalidad letal. La evidencia multilingüe rastrea estas divergencias con precisión: el hindi usa bandha (atar) para cortar un pacto, pero kaata (cortar) para la tala física, mostrando que los traductores reconocen marcos conceptuales radicalmente distintos pese a compartir la misma raíz hebrea.
1. cortar un pacto — El modismo pactal: 'cortar' (כָּרַת) un pacto, tratado o acuerdo. Con 97 ocurrencias, este es el uso más frecuente del verbo, reflejando la centralidad de la alianza en la teología bíblica. Gn 15:18 ('aquel día el SEÑOR cortó un pacto con Abram') es el caso paradigmático, donde el corte literal de animales (Gn 15:10, 17) da origen al modismo. 97×
AR["فَقَطَعَ", "قَطَعَ", "قَطَعَهُ", "وَ-قَطَعَ", "وَقَطَعَ"]·ben["আর-করল", "আর-করলেন", "আর-কেটে-ফেললেন", "এবং-করলেন", "ও-কেটে-দিলেন", "ও-স্থাপন-করলেন", "করলেন-নিয়ম", "করেছিলেন", "কাটলেন", "তিনি-করেছিলেন", "তিনি-কাটলেন", "স্থাপন-করলেন", "স্থাপন-করেছিলেন", "স্থাপন-করেছেন"]·DE["Er-schnitt", "abschneiden", "er-schnitt", "schloss", "schneiden", "schnitt", "und-abschneiden"]·EN["He-cut", "and-cut", "and-cut-down", "and-he-made", "cut", "he-cut", "made"]·FR["Il-couper", "coupa", "couper", "et-retrancher", "il-coupa", "il-couper", "retrancher"]·heb["ו-יכרת", "כרת"]·HI["और-उसने-बाँधी", "और-काटा", "और-बाँधा", "और-बाँधी", "काटा", "बनधि", "बाँधा", "बाँधा-है", "बाँधी", "बांधी"]·ID["Dan-mengadakan", "Dia-buat", "Dia-potong", "Ia-ikat", "Ia-mengadakan", "dan-membuat", "dan-memotong", "dan-menebang", "dan-mengikat", "diadakan", "diikat", "membuat", "membuat-perjanjian", "memotong", "mengadakan-perjanjian"]·IT["Egli-tagliare", "cut", "e-tagliare", "egli-tagliare", "egli-tagliò", "tagliare", "tagliò"]·jav["Lan-ndamel", "Yéhuwah-sampun-damel", "damel", "damel-prejanjian", "dipun-damel", "dipundamel", "dipundamel-prajanjian", "lan-damel-prajanjian", "lan-ndamel", "lan-nukaki", "lan-nyethak", "ndamel", "nganakaken"]·KO["그리고-그가-세웠다", "그리고-그가-쪼었다", "그리고-맺었다", "그리고-잘랐다", "맺었다", "맺으셨다", "맺으셨던", "맺은", "세우셨다", "세우셨던", "세웠다"]·PT["E-cortou", "cortou", "e-cortou"]·RU["заключил", "и-заключил", "и-обрезал", "и-срубил"]·ES["Y-cortó", "cortó", "hizo", "hizo-pacto", "pactó", "y-cortó"]·SW["Na-akafanya", "alifanya", "alifanya-agano", "amefanya", "na-akafanya", "na-akaikata", "na-akakata", "pamoja-na"]·TR["Ve-kesti", "kesti", "ve-kesti", "yaptı"]·urd["اور-باندھا", "اور-کاٹا", "اور-کاٹے", "اُس-نے-باندھا", "باندھا"]
Gen 15:18, Exod 4:25, Exod 24:8, Deut 4:23, Deut 5:2, Deut 5:3, Deut 19:5, Deut 29:1, Deut 29:1, Deut 29:25, Josh 9:15, Judg 9:48 (+38 más)
▼ 4 sentido(s) más abajo
Sentidos
2. exterminar (Hifil causativo) — Hifil causativo: hacer que sea cortado, es decir, destruir, exterminar o eliminar por autoridad divina o real. Las 81 ocurrencias en Hifil portan el mayor peso teológico: Dios cortando activamente a los idólatras (Lv 20:3, 5, 6), el culto falso (Lv 26:30) y naciones enteras. El árabe أَبادَ (aniquilar) capta la agencia intensificada del tronco causativo. 81×
AR["فَأَقْطَعُ", "وَ-أَقْطَعُ", "وَأَقْطَعُ"]·ben["আর-আমি-উচ্ছেদ-করব", "আর-উচ্ছেদ-করব", "এবং-আমি-উচ্ছেদ-করব", "এবং-উচ্ছিন্ন-করব", "এবং-উচ্ছেদ-করব", "এবং-উচ্ছেদ-করব-আমি", "এবং-নির্মূল-করব", "এবং-বিচ্ছিন্ন-করব", "ও-আমি-উচ্ছেদ-করব"]·DE["und-abschneiden", "und-ich-wird-schnitt-ab", "und-schnitt-ab"]·EN["and-I-cut-off", "and-I-will-cut-off"]·FR["et-je-fera-coupa-au-loin", "et-retrancher"]·heb["ו-היכרתי", "ו-הכרתי", "וְ-הִכְרַתִּי"]·HI["और-काट-डालूँगा", "और-काट-डालूंगा", "और-काट-दूँगा-मैं", "और-काट-दूंगा", "और-मैं-काट-डालूंगा", "तो-काट-डालूँगा", "मारे-हुओं", "वहिख्रत्ती"]·ID["Dan-Aku-akan-melenyapkan", "dan-Aku-akan-melenyapkan", "dan-Aku-melenyapkan", "maka-Aku-akan-melenyapkan"]·IT["e-io-vorrà-tagliò-via", "e-tagliare"]·jav["lan-Aku-badhé-ngirat", "lan-Aku-badh鱮umpes", "lan-Ingsun-ngiris", "lan-Kawula-badhe-ngirès", "lan-Kawula-badhe-ngundhat", "lan-Kawula-badhé-ngiris", "lan-Kawula-badhé-nyirnakaken", "lan-Kawula-numpes", "lan-Kula-badhé-ngirat", "lan-Kula-badhé-ngèlèk", "lan-badhé-ngiris", "lan-kawula-badhé-ngilangi", "lan-kawula-badhé-nugel"]·KO["그리고-끊겠다", "그리고-끊어리리라", "그리고-끊으리라", "그리고-끊을-것이다-내가", "그리고-내가-끊으리라", "끊으리라"]·PT["E-cortarei", "e-cortarei"]·RU["И-истреблю", "и-истреблю", "и-отсеку", "и-отсеку-Я", "из-ножен-его"]·ES["Y-cortaré", "y-cortaré"]·SW["Na-nitamkatilia-mbali", "na-nitakatilia-mbali", "na-nitamkatilia-mbali", "na-nitawakatilia-mbali"]·TR["Ve-yok-edeceğim", "ve-kesecegim", "ve-keseceğim", "ve-keserim", "ve-kesersem", "ve-yok-edeceğim"]·urd["اور-میں-کاٹ-ڈالوں-گا", "اور-کاٹ-دوں-گا", "اور-کاٹ-دوں-گا-میں", "اور-کاٹ-ڈالوں", "اور-کاٹ-ڈالوں-گا", "اور-کاٹ-ڈالوں-گا-میں"]
Lev 17:10, Lev 20:3, Lev 20:5, Lev 20:6, Lev 26:30, Deut 12:29, Deut 19:1, 1 Sam 20:15, 1 Sam 24:21, 1 Kgs 9:7, 1 Kgs 14:10, 1 Kgs 21:21 (+38 más)
3. ser cortado (Nifal) — Nifal pasivo-reflexivo: ser cortado del propio pueblo, tierra o vida. Con 74 ocurrencias, constituye la fórmula penal estándar de la legislación sacerdotal: 'aquella persona será cortada de Israel' (Éx 12:15, 19; 30:33, 38). La voz pasiva enfatiza el resultado más que el agente, aunque se sobrentiende a Dios como causa implícita. 74×
AR["فَ-تُقْطَعُ", "وَ-تُقطَعُ", "وَ-تُقْطَعُ", "وَ-يُقْطَعُ", "وَتُقْطَعُ", "يُقْطَعُ"]·ben["উচ্ছেদ-হবে", "এবং-উচ্ছিন্ন-করা-হবে", "এবং-উচ্ছেদ-হবে", "এবং-কেটে-ফেলা-হবে", "এবং-ছিন্ন-হবে", "এবং-ছেদন-হবে"]·DE["abschneiden", "und-ausgerottet-werden-soll", "und-es-soll-sein-schnitt-weg", "und-soll-sein-schneiden-weg", "und-soll-sein-schnitt-weg"]·EN["and-it-shall-be-cut-off", "and-shall-be-cut-off", "and-will-be-cut-off", "will-be-cut-off"]·FR["et---être-couper-dehors", "et-cela-devra-être-couper-off", "et-devra-être-couper-off", "retrancher"]·heb["ו-ניכרתה", "ו-נכרתה", "יכרת"]·HI["और-कअत-दिय-जयेग", "और-काट-दिया-जाए", "और-काट-दिया-जाएगा", "और-काट-दी-जाएगी", "और-काटा-जाए", "और-काटा-जाएगा", "काटा-जाएगा", "टूटेगा", "तो-काट-डाले-जाएंगे", "तो-काट-दिया-जाए", "तो-काट-दिया-जाएगा", "तो-काटा-जाए"]·ID["akan-dilenyapkan", "akan-terputus", "dan-akan-dilenyapkan", "dan-dilenyapkan", "dan-dilenyapkanlah", "dan-diputus", "dan-diputuskanlah", "maka-dilenyapkanlah"]·IT["e-dovra-essere-tagliare-via", "e-esso-dovra-essere-tagliare-via", "e-shall-essere-cut-off", "e-will-essere-cut-off", "tagliare"]·jav["badhé-dipunpegat", "lan-badhe-kasirnakaken", "lan-badhé-kasirnakaken", "lan-dipun-pegataken", "lan-dipun-punggel", "lan-dipun-tugel", "lan-dipunpunggel", "lan-dipuntigas", "mila-dipun-sirnakaken"]·KO["그리고-끊겨질-것이다", "그리고-끊어지리라", "그리고-끊어질-것이다", "끊어지겠다", "끊어지다"]·PT["e-será-cortada", "e-será-cortado", "e-serão-cortadas", "será-cortado"]·RU["будет-отсечён", "и-будет-истреблена", "и-истребится", "и-истребятся"]·ES["será-cortado", "te-faltará", "y-será-cortada", "y-será-cortado", "y-serán-cortadas"]·SW["atakatiliwa-mbali", "kukatwa", "na-atakatiliwa", "na-atakatiliwa-mbali", "na-itakatiliwa-mbali", "na-watakatiliwa-mbali"]·TR["kesilecek", "ve-kesilecek"]·urd["-کاٹا-جائے-گا", "اور-کاٹ-دی-جائیں", "اور-کاٹ-دی-جائے", "اور-کاٹ-دی-جائے-گی", "اور-کاٹ-دیا-جائے", "اور-کاٹ-دیا-جائے-گی", "اور-کاٹ-دیا-جائےگا", "اور-کاٹا-جائے", "اور-کاٹا-جائے-گا", "اور-کاٹی-جائے", "اور-کاٹی-جائے-گی"]
Gen 17:14, Exod 12:15, Exod 12:19, Exod 30:33, Exod 30:38, Exod 31:14, Lev 7:20, Lev 7:21, Lev 7:25, Lev 7:27, Lev 17:4, Lev 17:9 (+38 más)
4. cortar físicamente — Qal literal: cortar, talar o derribar físicamente árboles, ramas u objetos materiales. Las 35 ocurrencias incluyen talar postes de Aserá (Éx 34:13), cortar un racimo de uvas (Nm 13:23-24), cortar árboles para obras de asedio (Dt 20:19-20) y la prohibición de castración (Lv 22:24). El hindi kaata, el suajili -kata y el coreano jallada emplean verbos básicos de corte físico. 35×
AR["اقْطَعْ", "الْقَاطِعُ", "بِقَطعي", "تَقْطَعُ", "فَـ-قَطَعُوا", "فَقَطَعَهُ", "فَقَطَعُوا", "قَطَعَ", "قَطَعُوهُ", "لِـ-يَقْطَعَ-", "لِيَقْطَعَ-", "وَ-أَقْطَعُ", "وَ-قَطَعَ", "وَ-قَطَعَ-", "وَ-يَقْطَعُوا-", "وَأَقْطَعُ", "وَقَطَعَ"]·ben["-কাটুরে", "আমার-কাটার-দ্বারা", "আর-কেটে-ফেলল-তাকে", "এবং-কাটল", "এবং-কাটলেন", "এবং-কেটে-দিলেন", "এবং-কেটে-ফেলব", "এবং-কেটে-ফেলল", "এবং-কেটে-ফেললেন", "এবং-তারা-কাটল", "ও-আমি-কাটব", "ও-কাটবে", "কাটতে-", "জানে", "তারা-কেটেছে", "তুমি-কাটবে", "সে-কেটেছিল", "সে-কেটেছে"]·DE["abschneiden", "der-schnitt-ab", "du-soll-schnitt-hinab", "er-schnitt", "er-schnitt-hinab", "in-mein-schneidend", "und-abschneiden", "und-er-schnitt-hinab", "und-ich-wird-schnitt-hinab", "und-lass-ihnen-schnitt", "und-schnitt", "und-schnitt-ab", "und-schnitt-hinab", "und-sie-schnitt-ab", "zu-schnitt", "zu-schnitt-ab"]·EN["To-cut-down", "and-I-cut-down", "and-I-will-cut-down", "and-cut", "and-cut-down", "and-cut-it-down", "and-cut-off", "and-he-cut-down", "and-let-them-cut", "and-they-cut-off", "he-cut", "he-cut-down", "in-my-cutting", "the-cutter", "they-cut", "to-cut", "you-shall-cut-down"]·FR["dans-mon-coupant", "et-coupa-au-loin", "et-coupa-en-bas", "et-couper", "et-il-coupa-en-bas", "et-ils-coupa-au-loin", "et-je-fera-coupa-en-bas", "et-que-eux-coupa", "et-retrancher", "il-coupa", "il-couper-en-bas", "retrancher", "tu-devra-couper-en-bas", "à-coupa"]·heb["ב-כרת-י", "ה-כורת", "ו-אכרות", "ו-יכרות", "ו-יכרתו", "ו-יכרתוהו", "ו-כרת", "ו-כרתו", "כרת", "כרתו", "ל-כרות", "ל-כרות-", "תיכרות", "תכרות"]·HI["उसने-काटा", "और-कअतअ-", "और-काट-डाला", "और-काट-डाला-उसे", "और-काट-दिया", "और-काटा", "और-काटूँगा", "और-काटें", "और-मैं-काटूँगा", "काट", "काटने-के-लिए-", "काटने-को", "काटने-में-मेरे", "काटने-वाला", "काटा", "काटा-उन्होंने", "काटेगा", "काटेगा-तू"]·ID["-penebang", "Dan-menebanglah", "Untuk-menebang-", "dan-aku-akan-menebang", "dan-aku-menebang", "dan-biarlah-mereka-menebang-", "dan-ia-menebang", "dan-memotong", "dan-menebang", "dan-mereka-memotong", "dia-memotong", "kamu-tebang", "ketika-aku-memotong", "menebang-", "mereka-potong", "tebanglah", "telah-menebang"]·IT["a-taglio", "a-tagliò", "e-egli-tagliò-giù", "e-essi-tagliò-via", "e-io-vorrà-tagliò-giù", "e-lascia-loro-tagliò", "e-tagliare", "e-tagliò-giù", "e-tagliò-via", "egli-tagliare-giù", "egli-tagliò", "il-taglio", "in-mio-tagliando", "tagliare", "tu-dovere-tagliare-giù", "tu-dovra-tagliare-giu"]·jav["Kanggé-nebang-", "Lan-negor", "Libanon", "ingkang-negor", "lan-kula-negor", "lan-mugi-negor", "lan-negor", "lan-ngiris", "lan-nugel-", "lan-piyambakipun-nebèngi", "nalika-kawula-nugel", "negor", "panjenengan-negor", "panjenengan-tegor", "piyambakipun-sampun-nugel", "piyambakipun-sigar", "tegor"]·KO["그가-찍었다", "그들이-갈랐던", "그리고-베었다", "그리고-베었다-그것을", "그리고-자르게-하라", "그리고-잘라냈다", "그리고-잘랐다", "그리고-잘랐다-", "내가-찍겠다", "네가-찍을", "베기-위하여-", "베는-자가", "베리라", "에-잘랑을-때", "자르기를", "잘랐다", "쳠라", "켼다"]·PT["E-cortaram", "E-cortaram-o", "E-cortarei", "cortar-", "cortaram", "cortarás", "cortou", "e-cortaram", "e-cortarei", "e-cortarão-", "e-cortou", "e-cortou-", "o-cortador", "para-cortar-", "quando-cortei"]·RU["И-срубили", "дровосек", "и-нарубят-", "и-отрубили", "и-отсек-", "и-срубил", "и-срубили-его", "и-срублю", "когда-отрезал-я", "отрезал", "рассекли", "рубить", "рубить-", "срубай", "сруби", "срубил", "срубишь"]·ES["Y-cortaron", "Y-lo-cortaron", "al-cortar-yo", "cortar", "cortar-", "cortaron", "cortarás", "cortó", "el-cortador", "talarás", "y-cortaron", "y-cortaré", "y-corten-", "y-cortó", "y-cortó-"]·SW["Kukata", "Na-waliukata", "alikata", "amekata", "dhidi-yetu", "kukata", "mkate", "na-akakata", "na-nikatema", "na-nitakata", "na-wakakata", "na-wanikatie", "nilipokata", "uikate", "utaikata", "walikata"]·TR["-kestiğimde", "Kesmek-icin-", "keseceksin", "kesmeyi", "kesti", "kestiler", "oduncu", "sunağını", "ve-kesecegim", "ve-keserim", "ve-kessinler", "ve-kesti", "ve-kesti-", "ve-kestiler", "ve-kestiler-onu", "yaptı"]·urd["اور-میں-کاٹوں-گا", "اور-کاٹ-دیا", "اور-کاٹ-دیا-اُسے", "اور-کاٹ-ڈالا", "اور-کاٹا", "اور-کاٹوں-گا-میں", "اور-کاٹیں", "اور-کاٹے", "تُو-کاٹے", "کاٹ", "کاٹا", "کاٹا-اُس-نے", "کاٹنا", "کاٹنے-میں-میرے", "کاٹنے-والا", "کاٹنے-کے-لیے-", "کاٹے-گا-تو"]
Exod 34:13, Lev 22:24, Num 13:23, Num 13:24, Deut 20:19, Deut 20:20, Deut 23:1, Judg 6:25, Judg 6:26, Judg 6:30, Judg 9:49, 1 Sam 17:51 (+23 más)
5. haber sido cortado (Hofal) — Hofal causativo pasivo y Qal pasivo: haber sido cortado o talado, enfatizando el estado consumado de separación o destrucción. Solo 3 ocurrencias: Jue 6:28 (la Aserá 'había sido derribada'), Ez 16:4 ('tu cordón umbilical no fue cortado') y Jl 1:9 ('la ofrenda de cereal fue cortada de la casa del SEÑOR'). 3×
AR["اِنْقَطَعَتِ", "تُقْطَعْ", "مَقْطوعَةٌ"]·ben["কাটা-হয়েছে", "কাটা-হল", "ছিন্ন-হয়েছে"]·DE["abschneiden", "der-schnitt-ab", "war-schnitt-hinab"]·EN["is-cut-off", "was-cut", "was-cut-down"]·FR["il-a-retranché", "le-il-a-retranché", "était-couper-en-bas"]·heb["הוכרתה", "כורתה", "כרת"]·HI["काट-दिया-गया", "काटा-गया", "काटी-गई"]·ID["Terputus", "dipotong", "tertebanglah"]·IT["fu-tagliare-giù", "tagliare"]·jav["dipun-keroki", "dipun-tegor", "dipunpedhot"]·KO["끊어졌다", "끊어졌으니라", "켐다"]·PT["Foi-cortada", "cortada", "foi-cortado"]·RU["Отрезано", "обрезана", "срублена"]·ES["Fue-cortada", "cortada", "fue-cortado"]·SW["Imekatwa", "imekatwa", "katwa"]·TR["kesildi", "nasıl-ki"]·urd["کاٹ-دی-گئی", "کاٹی-گئی", "کاٹی-گئی-تھی"]
Sentidos Relacionados
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)H7665 1. Qal: break, shatter (50×)H8628 1. blow a trumpet/horn (49×)H3615 2. consume, destroy (Piel) (47×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
† כָּרַת291 vb. cut off, cut down (NH id.; Assyrian karâtu, ii. hew off Dl HWB 357);— Qal Pf. כ׳ Gn 15:18 + 19 times; 2 ms. כָּרָ֑תָּ Dt 20:20; 1 s. כָּרַתִּי Ex 34:27 + 15 times; + 8 times Pf.; Impf. יִכְרֹת Jb 40:28 + 21 times; 2 ms. תִּכְרָת־ Is 57:8; 1 s. אֶכְרוֹת Is 61:8; 1 S 11:2; אֶכְרְתָה Is 55:3; 3 mpl. יִכְרֹ֑תוּ Ho 12:2 ψ 83:6; 1 pl. נִכְרְתָה Gn 26:28; 31:44; sf. נִכְרְתֶנּוּ Je…