Kazav denotes a lie or falsehood as the willful opposite of truth, appearing 29 times with heavy concentration in the prophets and wisdom literature. In Proverbs, the 'false witness who breathes out lies' recurs almost as a refrain (Prov 6:19; 14:5, 25; 19:5, 9), and the sage prays to be kept from 'the word of falsehood' (Prov 30:8). Ezekiel deploys the term with devastating force against prophets who have 'seen lies and divined falsehood' yet claim to speak for YHWH (Ezek 13:6-9; 21:29; 22:28). The Psalms set kazav in opposition to divine faithfulness: 'How long will you love a worthless thing and seek after a lie?' (Ps 4:2). Hosea pairs it with treachery and violence in his indictment of Ephraim (Hos 7:13; 12:1). Daniel uses it of diplomatic dissimulation at a treaty table — 'they will speak lies at one table' (Dan 11:27). Spanish 'mentira' and French 'mensonge' capture the concept cleanly.