Israel (Yisra'el) serves as both a personal name and a national designation. Given to the patriarch Jacob after his nocturnal wrestling at Peniel (Gen 32:28), the name is traditionally parsed as 'he strives with God' or 'God persists.' From that point forward it designates Jacob's descendants collectively -- the twelve tribes, the united monarchy, and later the northern kingdom specifically. With 2,507 occurrences, it is the second most frequent proper noun in the Hebrew Bible after Yahweh, appearing in every genre from Torah narrative to prophetic oracle. Its persistence across languages is notable: Spanish, French, German, and English all retain the form virtually unchanged.