H3420 H3420
mildew / blight (agricultural disease); paleness / jaundice (of human complexion)
1. mildew / blight (agricultural disease) — A plant disease (mildew, blight) that destroys crops, frequently paired with 'shiddaphon' (scorching/blasting) as a divine judgment on agriculture (Deut 28:22, 1 Kgs 8:37, Amos 4:9). The multilingual pattern confirms the agricultural sense: eng 'mildew', spa 'anublo' (blight), hin 'phaphundi' (फफूँदी, mold), arb 'yaraqan' (يَرَقَانٌ), kor 'goksik-nurim-byeong' (곡식누림병, grain-blight disease) and 'kkambuggi-byeong' (깜부기병, smut disease), swa 'kutu/ukungu' (blight/mildew). This is the dominant sense, occurring in covenant curse and prayer contexts. 5×
AR["وَ-بِ-الاصْفِرارِ","وَ-يَرَقَانٌ","وَبِ-الْيَرَقَانِ","وَبِالْيَرَقَانِ","يَرَقَانٌ"]·ben["এবং-চিটায়","এবং-ছত্রাকে","ও-ছত্রাকে","ও-ছাতা-পোকা","ছত্রাকরোগ"]·DE["[ובירקון]","[וירקון]","mildew","und-mit-Schimmel"]·EN["and-mildew","and-with-mildew","mildew"]·FR["[וירקון]","et-avec-mildew","et-verdure","mildew"]·heb["ו-ב-ירקון","ו-ירקון","וּ-ב-ירקוֹן","ירקון"]·HI["और-पीलापन","और-पीलिया-से","और-में-पीलेपन","और-से-फफूँदी","फफूँदी"]·ID["dan-dengan-penyakit-kuning","dan-jamur","penyakit-kuning"]·IT["[וירקון]","e-con-muffa","e-muffa","ruggine"]·jav["jamur","lan-ing-kuning","lan-jamur","lan-mawi-jamur"]·KO["그리고-곡팝이병으로","그리고-곰팡이병으로","그리고-곱럭병","그리고-에-곡식누림병","깜부기병이"]·PT["e-com-ferrugem","e-com-míldio","e-ferrugem","ferrugem"]·RU["и-болезнью-хлеба","и-желтухой","и-ржавчина","и-ржавчиной","ржавчина"]·ES["añublo","o-añublo","y-con-añublo","y-con-palidez"]·SW["akiwa","na-kutu","na-kwa-kutu","na-kwa-ukungu"]·TR["sarılık","ve-küf","ve-küfle","ve-küfle-"]·urd["اور-زردی-سے","اور-پیلی-سے","اور-کنگی","اور-کنگیای-سے","سُوکھا"]
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. paleness / jaundice (of human complexion) — A sickly yellowish pallor or jaundice of the human face, used metaphorically in Jeremiah 30:6 to describe the terror of men whose faces turn pale like those in labor pains. Multilingual evidence distinguishes this from the agricultural sense: eng 'paleness', spa 'palidez' (pallor), hin 'pilapa' (पीलापन, yellowness), arb 'isfiraar' (اصْفِرَارٍ, yellowing/jaundice), kor 'changbaekhage' (창백하게, palely), swa 'rangi ya njano' (yellow color). The semantic shift from plant yellowing to human facial pallor is shared across Semitic cognates. 1×
AR["إِلَى-اصْفِرَارٍ"]·ben["ফ্যাকাশে-সেই"]·DE["[לירקון]"]·EN["to-paleness"]·FR["[לירקון]"]·heb["ל-ירקון"]·HI["को-पीलापन"]·ID["menjadi-pucat"]·IT["[לירקון]"]·jav["dados-pucet"]·KO["창백하게"]·PT["em-palidez"]·RU["бледностью"]·ES["a-palidez"]·SW["kuwa-rangi-ya-njano"]·TR["solgunluğa"]·urd["زردی-میں"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† יֵרָקוֹן n.m. mildew, paleness, lividness; 1. rust Am 4:9 Dt 28:22 1 K 8:37 Hg 2:17 2 Ch 6:28 (all ‖ שִׁדָּפוֹן). 2. paleness (of face) Je 30:6.