H3302 H3302
Verb meaning 'to be beautiful, be fair' (Qal); 'to beautify, adorn' (Piel); 'to make oneself beautiful' (Hitpael).
The verbal root behind the famous adjective yafeh ('beautiful'), this word moves from describing inherent beauty to the active creation of it. In the Qal stem it celebrates natural loveliness: the beloved's caresses in Song of Solomon 4:10, the graceful feet of the Shulammite in 7:1, and Jerusalem's transformation into breathtaking beauty in Ezekiel 16:13. The Piel and Hitpael stems shift to intentional beautification: craftsmen adorning an idol with silver in Jeremiah 10:4, and Judah painting her eyes and decking herself out to attract allies in Jeremiah 4:30. The Spanish hermosa and French belle consistently render the stative beauty, while the reflexive te-embelleces captures the self-adornment vividly.
Senses
1. be beautiful, be fair — To be beautiful, to be fair in appearance (Qal). Describes intrinsic or God-given beauty. Song of Solomon 4:10 exclaims 'how beautiful are your caresses,' and 7:6 declares 'how beautiful you are, O loved one.' Ezekiel 16:13 narrates Jerusalem becoming exceedingly beautiful under God's adornment, while Ezekiel 31:7 describes Egypt's greatness under the figure of a magnificent tree. Psalm 45:2 praises the king as 'fairer than the sons of men.' French tu-es-belle and Spanish hermosa reflect the stative, descriptive force. 5×
AR["أَجْمَلَكِ","جَميلٌ-أَنْتَ","فَجَمُلَ","فَجَمُلْتِ","يَفُو"]·ben["আর-সুন্দর-হলে","আর-সে-সুন্দর-হয়েছিল","সুন্দর","সুন্দরতম-তুমি","সুন্দরী"]·DE["[וייף]","[ותיפי]","[יפו]","[יפית]","du-sind-fairer"]·EN["You-are-fairer","and-it-was-beautiful","and-you-became-beautiful","beautiful"]·FR["et-être-beau","sont-belles","tu-es-belle","être-beau"]·heb["ו-ייפה","ו-תיפי","יפו","יפיפית","יפית"]·HI["और-सुंदर-था","और-सुंदर-हुई-तू","सुंदर-हैं","सुंदर-हो-तू","सुन्दर-है-तू"]·ID["Dan-jadilah-indah","cantik-engkau","dan-engkau-menjadi-cantik","indah"]·IT["[וייף]","[ותיפי]","[יפיפית]","beautiful"]·jav["Lan-dados-éndah","Panjenengan-paling-bagus","lan-panjenengan-dados-ayu","éndah","éndah-panjenengan"]·KO["그리고-너는-아름다웠다","그리고-아름다웠다-그것이","아름다운가","아름답도다"]·PT["E-era-belo","belos","e-ficaste-bela","formosa","s-mais-formoso"]·RU["и-стал-красивым","и-стала-прекрасной","прекрасна-ты","прекраснейший","прекрасны"]·ES["Eres-hermoso","Y-era-hermoso","hermosa","hermosos","y-te-embelleciste"]·SW["Na-ulikuwa-mzuri","Wewe-ni-mzuri","na-ukapendeza","ulivyo-mzuri"]·TR["En-güzelsin","guzel","guzelsin","ve-güzel-oldu","çok"]·urd["اور-تُو-خوبصورت-ہوئی","اور-خوبصورت-ہوا","تُو-خوبصورت-ہے","خوبصورت-ہے","خوبصورت-ہے-تُو"]
2. make beautiful, adorn — To beautify, adorn, or make beautiful, covering the Piel causative and Hitpael reflexive stems. In Jeremiah 10:4 the Piel yeyappehu describes craftsmen beautifying an idol with silver and gold overlays. In Jeremiah 4:30 the Hitpael tittyappi portrays Judah adorning herself, painting her eyes and decking herself in crimson to attract lovers who will ultimately reject her. Spanish lo-embellecen and te-embelleces effectively distinguish the transitive and reflexive applications of this active beautification sense. 2×
AR["تَتَجَمَّلِينَ","يُزَيِّنُونَهُ"]·ben["সাজায়-তাকে-সে","সুন্দরী-করবে"]·DE["[ייפהו]","[תתיפי]"]·EN["they-beautify-it","you-make-yourself-beautiful"]·FR["[ייפהו]","[תתיפי]"]·heb["ייפהו","תתיפי"]·HI["सजाते-हैं-उसे","सुंदर-बनाएगी-तू"]·ID["kamu-mempercantik-diri","mereka-memperindahnya"]·IT["[ייפהו]","[תתיפי]"]·jav["panjenengan-ngayu","piyambakipun-ngias-piyambakipun"]·KO["그것을-꾸미고","아름답게-하려는가"]·PT["embelezam-no","embelezas-te"]·RU["украшаешься","украшают-его"]·ES["lo-embellecen","te-embelleces"]·SW["unajipamba","wanaupamba"]·TR["güzelleştirirler","güzelleştiriyorsun"]·urd["خوبصورت-بنے-گی","سجاتے-ہیں-اُسے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H5921a 1. upon, on, over (spatial) (5443×)H0413 1. directional: to, toward (5366×)H1121a 1. son, male offspring, descendant (4914×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H???? 1. (4670×)H4428 1. king, human ruler (2518×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H6440 1. before, in front of (spatial) (1870×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H3027 1. physical hand (body part) (1596×)H1697 1. word, speech, utterance (1235×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [יָפָה] vb. be fair, beautiful (NH id. Pi. and deriv.; Aramaic Aph. ܐܰܘܦܺܝ is suffice, finish, fail; cf. Aramaic ܦܶܐܐ (PS 3015) beautiful, fit, Nö§ 172 C. Anm. G H [offmann] LCB 1882, 321; Arabic وَفَى fulfil, perform; Ethiopic አወፈየ: II. 2, give (entirely) over to, into power of, Di 949)— Qal Pf. יָפִיתְ Ct 7:7; יָפוּ 4:10; 7:2; Impf. 2 fs. וַתִּ֫יפִי Kö Lgb. i. 581) Ez 16:13; 3 ms. apoc.…