יוֹמָם51 H3117
día, tiempo, época; período de vida; luz diurna; forma dual: dos días; expresión comparativa: como los días de
La palabra hebrea יוֹם es engañosamente simple —'día'— pero carga un peso semántico enorme en las Escrituras. Puede significar un período literal de 24 horas, las horas de luz en contraste con la noche, una fecha concreta, toda una era ('en los días de') o la vida entera de alguien ('todos los días de su vida'). Combinada con preposiciones forma numerosos modismos: 'en aquel día,' 'en aquellos días,' 'de día en día.' La evidencia multilingüe confirma esta amplitud, mientras que la construcción comparativa 'como los días de' (Gn 29:20) muestra que יוֹם codifica calidad experiencial, no solo cantidad cronológica.
Sentidos
1. día, tiempo específico — Sentido temporal general: un día como unidad de tiempo, una fecha concreta o un período/era marcado por eventos. Este sentido masivamente dominante (2.231 ocurrencias) abarca 'el tercer día' (Gn 2:2), 'en aquel día' (Gn 26:32) y expresiones epocales como 'el día del SEÑOR.' El prefijo preposicional כְּ ('en/el día de') se adjunta con frecuencia. 2231×
AR["في-اليَومِ", "فِي-اليَوْمِ", "فِي-الْ-يَوْمِ", "فِي-الْـ-يَوْمِ", "فِي-الْـيَوْمِ", "فِي-الْيَوْمِ", "فِي-ذٰلِكَ"]·ben["-দিন", "-দিনে", "-সেই-দিনে", "দিনে", "দিনে-(সেই)", "সেই-দিনে"]·DE["am-Tag", "an-dem-Tag", "auf-der-Tag", "in-der-Tag"]·EN["in-the-day", "on-the-day"]·FR["dans-le-jour", "sur-le-jour"]·heb["ב-ה-ביום", "ב-ה-יום", "ב-יום"]·HI["दिन", "दिन-को", "दिन-में", "में-दिन", "याजक"]·ID["pada-hari"]·IT["in-il-giorno", "nel-giorno", "su-il-giorno"]·jav["Ing-dinten", "Wonten-ing-dinten", "ing-dinten", "wonten-dinten", "wonten-ing-dinten"]·KO["그-날-에", "그-날에", "날-에", "에-그-날", "에-날에"]·PT["No-dia", "em-o-dia", "no-dia"]·RU["в-день"]·ES["En-el-día", "en-el-día"]·SW["katika-siku", "katika-siku-hiyo", "siku", "siku-", "siku-hiyo", "siku-ile", "siku-ya"]·TR["-da-gün", "-de-gün", "-de-günde", "-günde", "-gününde", "günde-", "gününde", "gününde-", "yedinci-günde"]·urd["دن", "دن-میں", "دن-کو", "میں-دن"]
Gen 2:2, Gen 26:32, Gen 34:25, Gen 40:20, Gen 48:20, Exod 14:30, Exod 16:22, Exod 19:16, Lev 7:18, Lev 8:34, Lev 13:5, Lev 13:32 (+38 más)
2. días de vida, existencia — Sentido biográfico: 'sus días' como metonimia del tiempo de vida, reinado o período asignado de una persona. Expresiones como 'los días de Péleg' (Gn 10:25), 'todos los días de tu vida' y 'sus días fueron 930 años' emplean יוֹם en plural para abarcar toda una existencia. El sufijo posesivo es clave: 'sus días,' 'tus días.' 52×
AR["أَيَّامِهِ", "بِـ-يَوْمِهِ", "بِيَوْمِهِ", "فِي-أَيَّامِهِ", "فِي-أَيّامِهِ", "فِي-يَوْمِهِ", "مِنْ-أَيَّامِهِ", "يَوْمِهِ"]·ben["-দিনে", "তাঁর-দিন", "তাঁর-দিনগুলি", "তাঁর-দিনগুলিতে", "তাঁর-দিনগুলো", "তাঁর-দিনগুলোতে", "তাঁর-দিনে", "তার-দিনগুলিতে", "তার-দিনগুলো", "তার-দিনে", "দিনে-তাঁর"]·DE["Tag", "auf-sein-Tag", "in-sein-Tag", "in-seine-Tage", "sein-Tage", "seine-Tage", "von-sein-Tage"]·EN["from-his-days", "his-day", "his-days", "in-his-day", "in-his-days", "in-its-day", "on-its-day"]·FR["dans-son-jour", "de-son-jours", "jour", "son-jour-lui", "son-jours", "sur-son-jour"]·heb["ב-יום-ו", "ב-יומו", "יום-ו", "יומו", "ימיו", "מ-ימיו"]·HI["अपने-दिन-को", "अपने-दिन-में", "उसके-दिन", "उसके-दिन-में", "उसके-दिनों", "उसके-दिनों-में", "कभी-उसे", "चकित-होंगे", "दिन-उसके-में", "दिन-का", "दिन-में-उसके", "दिनों-अपने", "दिनों-उसके", "ब-दिनों-उसके", "ब-योम-उसके"]·ID["-hari-harinya", "Pada-harinya", "dari-hari-harinya", "hari-harinya", "harinya", "pada-hari-harinya", "pada-harinya"]·IT["da-suo-giorni", "giorno", "giorno-suo", "in-suo-giorno", "su-suo-giorno", "suo-giorni"]·jav["Ing-dintenipun", "dinten-dintenipun", "dintenipun", "ing-dinten-dintenipun", "ing-dintenipun", "ngantos-sadinten", "saben-dinten-ipun", "saben-dintenipun", "wonten-dinten-ipun."]·KO["-에-그-날에", "그-날-에", "그-날에", "그의-날들", "그의-날들로부터", "그의-날들에", "그의-날들을", "그의-날을", "에-그-의-날", "에-그의-날", "에-날들-그의"]·PT["desde-seus-dias", "dia-dele", "em-dia-dele", "em-dia-seu", "em-seu-dia", "em-seu-dia,", "em-seus-dias", "seu-dia", "seus-dias", "¶ no-seu-dia"]·RU["В-день-его", "в-день-его", "в-дни-его", "во-дни-его", "день-его", "дни-его", "днём-его", "от-дней-его"]·ES["En-su-día", "desde-sus-días", "días-de-él", "días-sus", "en-día-de-él", "en-días-de-él", "en-su-día", "en-sus-días", "su-día", "sus-días"]·SW["akisema", "katika-siku-yake", "katika-siku-zake", "kwa-siku-yake", "siku-yake", "siku-zake", "yamayw", "za-maisha-yake", "za-siku-zake"]·TR["-de-gününde", "günleri", "günlerinde", "günlerinde-onun", "günlerinden", "günü", "gününde"]·urd["اُس-کے-دنوں", "اُس-کے-دنوں-میں", "اُسی-دن", "اپنے-دن", "اپنے-دن-میں", "دن-اُس-کے", "دن-اپنے-میں", "دنوں", "دنوں-میں", "دنوں-میں-اُس-کے", "میں-دن-اُس"]
Gen 10:25, Exod 5:13, Exod 5:19, Exod 16:4, Lev 23:37, Deut 22:19, Deut 22:29, Deut 24:15, 1 Sam 25:28, 1 Kgs 1:6, 1 Kgs 8:59, 1 Kgs 15:14 (+38 más)
3. como los días de — Expresión comparativa-temporal 'como los días de,' usando el prefijo כְּ para trazar una analogía entre la experiencia presente y un tiempo recordado o anticipado. Los siete años de Jacob parecieron 'como unos pocos días' por su amor a Raquel (Gn 29:20); 'como tus días, así será tu fuerza' (Dt 33:25). La estructura de símil es inconfundible. 14×
AR["كَ-يَوْمٍ", "كَ-يَوْمِ", "كَأَيَّامٍ", "كَالْأَيَّامِ", "كَـ-يَوْمِ", "كَيَومِ", "كَيَوْمِ", "كَ‒الأَيَّامِ", "وَكَأَيّامِ", "وَكَـ-أَيَّامِكَ"]·ben["-দিনগুলোর-মতো", "এবং-তোমার-দিনের-মতো", "এবং-দিনগুলির-মতো", "দিনের-মতো", "দিনের-মতো-", "যেন-দিনে", "যেমন-দিনে", "সেই-দিনের-মতো"]·DE["und-wie-Tage-von", "und-wie-dein-Tage", "wie-Tag", "wie-Tage", "wie-auf-dem-Tag-", "wie-der-Tage", "wie-ein-Tag"]·EN["and-as-your-days", "and-like-days-of", "as-day-of", "as-days", "as-on-the-day-of", "as-the-day", "as-the-days", "like-a-day", "like-a-day-of-", "like-the-day", "like-the-days"]·FR["comme-jour", "comme-jours", "comme-le-jours", "et-comme-ton-jours", "et-jour", "wie-jours"]·heb["ו-כ-ימי", "ו-כ-ימיך", "כ-ה-יום", "כ-ה-ימים", "כ-יוֹם", "כ-יום", "כ-ימים"]·HI["और-जैसे-तेरे-दिन", "और-दिनों-की-तरह", "जैसे-दिन", "जैसे-दिन-", "जैसे-दिन-में", "जैसे-दिनों", "दिनों-की-तरह"]·ID["dan-seperti-hari-hari", "dan-seperti-harimu", "seperti hari-hari", "seperti-hari", "seperti-hari-hari", "seperti-pada-hari"]·IT["come-giorni", "come-giorno", "come-il-giorni", "e-come-giorno", "e-come-tuo-giorni"]·jav["Kados-dinten", "kados-dinten", "kados-dinten-dinten", "kados-ing-dinten", "lan-kados-dinten-dinten-panjenengan", "lan-kados-dinten-dintenipun"]·KO["~의-날처럼", "같은-날들", "과-같이-날", "그-날들과-같이", "그리고-같다-날들이", "그리고-같이-네-날들", "날-같이", "날-에-처럼", "날-처럼", "날들-같이", "대로-날들", "어제-날-같으니", "처럼-날"]·PT["como-dia-de", "como-dias", "como-no-dia-de", "como-os-dias", "e-como-dias-de", "e-como-teus-dias", "são-como-o-dia-de"]·RU["Как-дни", "и-как-дни", "и-как-дни-твои", "как-в-день", "как-в-дни", "как-день", "как-дни"]·ES["Como-los-días", "Y-como-días-de", "como-día", "como-día-de", "como-días", "como-en-día-de", "como-los-días", "y-como-tus-días"]·SW["kama-siku", "kama-siku-ya", "na-kama-siku-za", "na-kama-siku-zako"]·TR["dün-gibi", "gununde-gibi", "gün-gibi", "günler-gibi", "günler-gibi-", "günü-gibi", "ve-günleri-gibi", "ve-günlerin-gibi"]·urd["اور-جیسے-تیرے-دن", "اور-دنوں-کی-طرح", "جیسے-دن", "دنوں-کی-طرح", "کے-مطابق-دنوں"]
4. dos días — La forma dual יוֹמָיִם que indica exactamente dos días: una distinción gramatical que el hebreo marca morfológicamente. Aparece en regulaciones sobre un siervo que sobrevive 'un día o dos' (Éx 21:21), el pueblo recogiendo maná por 'dos días' (Nm 11:19), y la nube demorándose 'dos días' (Nm 9:22). 4×
AR["يَومَينِ", "يَوْمَيْنِ"]·ben["দুই-দিন", "দুই-দিনের"]·DE["Tage-zwei", "von-zwei-Tage", "zwei-Tage"]·EN["days-two", "of-two-days", "two-days"]·FR["de-deux-jours", "deux-jours", "jours-deux"]·heb["יומיים", "יומים", "ימים"]·HI["दो-दिन", "दो-दिन-की"]·ID["dua hari", "dua-hari"]·IT["di-due-giorni", "due-giorni", "giorni-due"]·jav["kalih-dinten"]·KO["이틀", "이틀-분의"]·PT["de-dois-dias;", "dois-dias"]·RU["два", "два-дня", "двух-дней"]·ES["dos-días"]·SW["siku", "siku-mbili", "wa-siku-mbili"]·TR["iki-gün", "iki-günlük"]·urd["دو-دن", "دو-دن-کی"]
5. luz del día, jornada — Sentido de luz diurna: la porción luminosa del ciclo de 24 horas en contraste con la noche. Jacob declara: 'de día me consumía el calor y de noche la helada' (Gn 31:39). Esto contrasta con el sentido 1, donde 'día' es una unidad calendárica; aquí es la mitad luminosa del ciclo diario. 3×
AR["نَهارٍ", "وَ-النَّهَارَ", "يَوْمًا-"]·ben["এবং-দিনে", "দিনে", "দিনে-"]·DE["Tag", "am-Tag", "und-der-Tag"]·EN["and-the-day", "day"]·FR["et-der-jour", "jour"]·heb["ו-ה-יום", "יום"]·HI["और-दिन-को", "दिन-की", "दिन-में"]·ID["dan-siang", "pada-siang", "siang"]·IT["e-il-giorno", "giorno"]·jav["ing-siyang", "ing-wanci-siyang", "lan-rina"]·KO["그리고-그-낮-에는", "날-에", "낮의"]·PT["de-dia", "dia", "e-o-dia"]·RU["днём", "днём-", "и-днём"]·ES["día", "día-", "y-el-día"]·SW["mchana", "na-mchana"]·TR["gün", "gündüz", "ve-gündüz"]·urd["اور-دن-کے", "دن"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H5704 1. until, unto, as far as (1238×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8141 1. year, unit of time (880×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
יוֹמָם51 subst. and adv. daytime, by day (cf. Aramaic יְמָמָא, ܐܻܝܡܳܡܳܐ day (as opp. to night); 𝔗 יֵמָם by day; perhaps Ph. ימם (in dates, before num.), CISI. i. 10. 1(see note); so NöZDMG 1886, 721: on ם—ָ, v. sub חִנָּם)— 1. subst. daytime (rare) Je 15:9 בעוד יומם while it is yet daytime, 33:20b לְבִלְתִּי הֱיוֹת יומם ולילה daytime and night, v 25 בְּרִיתִי י׳ ולילה (? read יוֹם as v 20a); Ez…