H2932 H2932
Uncleanness, impurity; ritual defilement or moral corruption rendering one unfit for sacred contact
The abstract noun for the state of being impure, covering the full spectrum of biblical defilement. In Leviticus and Numbers it denotes ritual uncleanness from bodily discharges, contact with the dead, skin disease, or other sources that bar a person from the sanctuary (Lev 5:3, 7:20-21, 14:19). In the prophets, especially Ezekiel, it extends to moral and spiritual corruption—idolatry, bloodshed, and covenant unfaithfulness that defile the land and people (Ezek 22:15, 36:25, 39:24). Zechariah 13:2 uses it in the striking phrase 'spirit of uncleanness,' connecting impurity to false prophecy. German 'Unreinheit' mirrors the Hebrew abstraction precisely.
Senses
1. ritual or moral uncleanness — The state of being ritually or morally impure, rendering a person, object, or place unfit for sacred contact. The Levitical usage covers bodily contamination—discharges (Lev 15), corpse contact (Num 19:13), and dietary violations (Lev 7:20-21). The prophetic extension applies to idolatry and covenant betrayal (Ezek 36:25, 29). Lamentations 1:9 uses it of Jerusalem's moral degradation. German 'Unreinheit' and Spanish 'impureza' both capture the abstract quality, while French paraphrases with contextual renderings. 36×
AR["بِ-نَجَاسَةِ", "كَ-نَجَاسَةِ", "كَنَجَاسَةِ", "مِنْ-نَجَاسَاتِ", "نَجاسَةٍ", "نَجَاسَاتِكُمْ", "نَجَاسَتُهُ", "نَجَاسَتِهَا", "نَجَاسَتِهِ", "وَ-نَجَاسَتُهُ", "وَنَجَاسَتُهُ"]·ben["-অশুচিতায়", "অশুচিতা", "অশুচিতা-থেকে", "অশুচিতার-মতো", "অশুচিতে", "এবং-তার-অশুচিতা", "তার-অপবিত্রতার", "তার-অশুচিতা", "তার-অশুচিতার", "তোমাদের-অশুচিতার"]·DE["Unreinheit", "Unreinheit-ihr", "Unreinheit-von", "ihr-Unreinheit", "in-Unreinheit-von", "sein-Unreinheit", "und-sein-Unreinheit", "von-uncleannesses-von", "wie-Unreinheit-von"]·EN["and-his-uncleanness", "as-uncleanness-of", "from-uncleannesses-of", "her-uncleanness", "his-uncleanness", "in-uncleanness-of", "like-uncleanness-of", "uncleanness", "uncleanness-her", "uncleanness-of", "your-uncleannesses"]·FR["comme-uncleanness-de", "dans-uncleanness-de", "de-uncleannesses-de", "et-son-uncleanness", "impureté", "sa-uncleanness", "son-uncleanness", "uncleanness", "uncleanness-de", "uncleanness-sa"]·heb["ב-טומאת", "ו-טומאה", "ו-טומאתו", "טומאה", "טומאותיכם", "טומאתו", "כ-טומאה", "כ-טומאת", "מ-טומאה"]·HI["अशुद्धता", "अशुद्धता-उसकी", "अशुद्धता-में", "अशुद्धताओं", "उसका शरीर", "उसकी-अशुद्धता", "उसकी-अशुद्धता-की", "और-उसकी-अशुद्धता", "और-कर्मों", "से-अशुद्धताओं"]·ID["dan-kenajisannya", "dari-kenajisan", "dengan-kenajisan", "kenajisanmu", "kenajisannya", "kenajisannya.", "najis", "sementara-kenajisannya", "seperti-kenajisan"]·IT["come-impurita-di", "da-uncleannesses-di", "e-suo-impurita", "impurita-di", "impurita-lei", "impurità", "in-impurita-di", "lei-impurita", "suo-impurita", "uncleanness"]·jav["kados-najis-", "kados-najis-nipun", "kenajisanipun", "lan-najis", "lan-najisipun", "najis", "najis-panjenengan", "najisipun", "najisipun.", "saking-najis-", "wonten-ing-najis"]·KO["그-의-부정함", "그-의-부정함-이", "그녀-의-부정함", "그녀-의-부정함-의", "그녀의-부정함", "그리고-그-부정함이", "그리고-그의-부정함", "그의-부정함", "너희의-부정함들의", "부정함-에서", "부정함-처럼", "부정함에", "부정함으로", "부정함을", "처럼-부정함의"]·PT["como-impureza-de", "de-impurezas-de", "e-sua-impureza", "em-impureza-de", "impureza", "impureza-sua", "impurezas-vossas", "sua-impureza"]·RU["и-нечистота-его", "к-нечистоте", "как-нечистота", "нечистого", "нечистот-ваших", "нечистота-его", "нечистоте-его", "нечистоты-её", "от-нечистот"]·ES["como-impureza-de", "de-impurezas-de", "e-impureza-suya", "en-impureza-de", "impureza", "impureza-de", "impureza-de-él", "impureza-suya", "su-impureza", "vuestras-impurezas", "vuestras-impurezas;", "y-su-impureza"]·SW["kama-unajisi-wa", "kama-unajisi-wa-", "kutoka-unajisi-wa-", "kwa-uchafu", "na-uchafu-wake", "na-unajisi-wake", "uchafu", "uchafu-wa", "uchafu-wake", "unajisi-wake", "unajisi-wenu"]·TR["-da-kirlilik", "kirliliklerinden", "kirliliklerinizden", "kirliliği", "kirliliği-gibi", "kirliliğinin", "kirliği", "murdarlk", "murdarlık", "murdarlığının", "murdarlığıyla", "ve-kirliği", "ve-murdarlığı"]·urd["اس-کی-ناپاکی-کے", "اور-اُس-کی-ناپاکی", "اور-ناپاکی-کے-اس", "اُس-کی-ناپاکی", "اُس-کی-ناپاکی-کے", "تمہاری-ناپاکیوں", "جیسے-ناپاکی", "ناپاکی", "ناپاکی-جیسے", "ناپاکی-میں", "ناپاکی-کو", "ناپاکیوں-سے"]
Related Senses
H3548 1. priest, cultic officiant (750×)G5547 1. Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (540×)H5030 1. Prophet, divine spokesperson (317×)H5930a 1. burnt offering (sacrifice) (286×)H3881 1. Levites (priestly class) (283×)G4396 1. prophet, spokesperson of God (146×)H6944 1. sanctuary, holy place (129×)G0749 1. high priest, chief priest (123×)H6944 2. holiness, sacredness (abstract quality) (123×)G5330 1. Pharisee (99×)G4336 1. pray to God (86×)H6944 3. holy things, sacred offerings (plural) (86×)H3722a 1. make ritual atonement (Piel) (85×)H6912 1. bury (Qal active) (82×)H6419 1. pray (Hitpael) (80×)H6944 4. holiness (with possessive pronoun) (77×)H6942 1. sanctify, consecrate (Piel factitive) (76×)H2930a 1. Qal: be/become unclean (75×)H7819a 1. slaughter an animal (Qal active) (72×)H1486 1. lot (object cast for decisions) (71×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† טֻמְאָה n.f. uncleanness;—abs. ט׳ Nu 5:19 + 4 times; cstr. טֻמְאַת Lv 5:3 + 4 times; sf. טֻמְאָתֵךְ Ez 22:15 + 2 times etc., + 18 times sfs.; pl. טֻמְאֹת Lv 16:16, 19; sf. טֻמְאוֹתֵיכֶם Ez 36:25, 29; טֻמְאֹתָם Lv 16:16;— 1. sexual Nu 5:19 (P), La 1:9. 2. of a foul or filthy mass Ez 24:11 (in a caldron), 2 Ch 29:16 (in the temple). 3. ethical and religious Lv 16:16 (P), Ez 22:15; 24:13; 39:24;…