H2722 H2722
Horeb — the mountain of God in the wilderness, synonymous with Sinai in the Deuteronomic tradition
Chorev (Horeb) is the proper name of the sacred mountain where God revealed himself to Moses and Israel, appearing 17 times in the Old Testament. The name derives from charav ('to be dry, waste'), evoking the arid desert landscape. In the Elohist source and Deuteronomy, Horeb functions as the primary name for the mountain that the Priestly source calls Sinai — no geographical distinction between the two has ever been convincingly demonstrated. Moses encounters the burning bush at 'the mountain of God, Horeb' (Exod 3:1), and strikes water from 'the rock at Horeb' (Exod 17:6). Deuteronomy concentrates the name heavily: the covenant is made 'at Horeb' (Deut 5:2; 28:69), the golden calf rebellion occurs 'at Horeb' (Deut 9:8), and Moses recalls the theophany 'at Horeb' throughout his farewell addresses (Deut 1:2, 6, 19; 4:10, 15; 18:16). Elijah flees to 'the mountain of God, Horeb' (1 Kgs 19:8), and Malachi closes the prophetic corpus with the command to 'remember the Torah of Moses my servant, which I commanded him at Horeb' (Mal 3:22). Spanish 'Horeb,' French 'Horeb,' and German 'Horeb' all transliterate the name uniformly.
Senses
1. Horeb (Mount Horeb) — The proper name of the sacred mountain in the Sinai wilderness where God appeared to Moses and gave the covenant to Israel. Identified as 'the mountain of God' in Exodus 3:1 (the burning bush) and 1 Kings 19:8 (Elijah's flight), and used as the preferred designation for Sinai throughout Deuteronomy (Deut 1:2, 6, 19; 4:10, 15; 5:2; 9:8, 12, 16; 18:16; 28:69). The etymology from charav ('to be dry') evokes the desert setting. Also referenced in the ark narrative (1 Kgs 8:9; 2 Chr 5:10), the golden calf episode (Ps 106:19), and Malachi's closing exhortation to remember the Torah given at Horeb (Mal 3:22). The LXX renders it Choreb; all major translation traditions preserve the name. 17×
AR["حوريب", "حوريبَ", "حُورِيبَ", "في-حوريب", "في-حوريبَ", "فِي-حُورِيبَ", "مِن-حوريبَ", "وَفِي-حُورِيبَ"]·ben["এবং-হোরেবে", "হোরেব-থেকে", "হোরেব।", "হোরেবে", "হোরেবে-", "হোরেবের"]·DE["Horeb", "Horeb-ward", "Horev", "bei-Chorev", "bei-Horeb", "in-Horeb", "mit-dem-Schwert", "und-bei-Horeb", "von-Horeb"]·EN["Horeb", "Horeb-ward", "Horev", "and-at-Horeb", "at-Chorev", "at-Horeb", "from-Horeb", "in-Horeb"]·FR["Horeb", "Horeb-garde", "Horev", "[בחרב]", "dans-Horeb", "dans-épée", "de-Horeb", "et-à-Horeb", "par-l'épée", "à-Horeb"]·heb["ב-חורב", "ב-חרב", "ו-ב-חורב", "חורב", "חורבה", "מ-חורב"]·HI["-होरेब-में", "-होरेब-से", "और-होरेब-में", "में-होरेब", "होरēब", "होरेब", "होरेब-में", "होरेब-में।"]·ID["Dan-di-Horeb", "Horeb", "dari-Horeb", "di-Horeb"]·IT["Horev", "Oreb", "Oreb-ward", "[בחרב]", "a-Oreb", "con-la-spada", "da-Oreb", "e-a-Oreb", "in-Oreb"]·jav["Horèb", "Horèb.", "Lan-wonten-ing-Horéb", "ing-Horeb", "ing-Horèb", "ing-Horéb", "saking-Horéb", "wonten-ing-Horeb", "wonten-ing-Horéb"]·KO["-에서-호렙", "그리고-호렙에서", "에-호렑", "에-호렙", "에-호렙에서", "에-호렛", "호렑-에서", "호렙-에서", "호렙으로", "호렛"]·PT["Chorev", "Chorev-a", "E-em-Horebe", "de-Horebe", "em-Chorev", "em-Chorev;", "em-Horeb", "em-Horebe", "em-Horev"]·RU["И-в-Хореве", "Хорев", "Хореву", "Хорив", "в-Хореве", "в-Хориве", "на-Хореве", "от-Хорева"]·ES["Horeb", "Joreb", "Jorev", "Y-en-Horeb", "de-Horeb", "desde-Horeb", "en-Horeb", "en-Jorev"]·SW["Horebu", "Na-katika-Horebu", "ambapo", "katika-Horebu", "kumkamata", "kutoka-Horebu"]·TR["-Horev'de", "Horeb'de", "Horeb'in", "Horev", "Horev'de", "Horev'de-", "Horev'den-", "Horev'e", "ve-Horev'de"]·urd["-حوریب-میں", "اور-حورب-میں", "حورب", "حورب-میں", "حوریب", "حوریب-سے", "حوریب-میں", "حوریب-کے"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)G1063 1. (1047×)G3778 1. this thing, these things (1003×)H???? 2. (1002×)G2424 1. (924×)G3754 1. that (content clause) (881×)H2009 1. presentative particle: behold, look (881×)H0589 1. I (first person singular pronoun) (874×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† חֹרֵב, חוֹרֵב n.pr.mont. Horeb (waste, desert)—𝔊 Χωρηβ (v. LagBN 85); אֶל־הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵ֑בָה Ex 3:1 (E), cf. עַד הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵב 1 K 19:8; הַצּוּר בִּחֹרֵב Ex 17:6, הַר חוֹרֵב 33:6 (both E); מֵחֹרֵב, בְּחֹרֵב Dt 1:2, 6, 19; 4:10, 15; 5:2; 9:8; 18:16; 28:69; 1 K 8:9 2 Ch 5:10 ψ 106:19 Mal 3:22; the sacred mountain of the wilderness, no geograph. diff. from סִינַי discoverable, but synonym of it in E and (especially) D (except poem Dt 33:2; vid. סִינַי P).