H2552 H2552
To be or become warm; causatively, to heat; reflexively, to warm oneself; figuratively, to be inflamed with passion.
A verb rooted in the simple physical sensation of warmth, ranging from the melting of manna in the morning sun (Exod 16:21) to the intimate scene where Elisha's body warms the dead child back to life (2 Kgs 4:34). Its stem variations trace a natural arc: Qal for becoming warm, Piel for making something warm, Hithpael for warming oneself, and Niphal for being inflamed with desire. Spanish distinguishes nicely between 'se calentó' (became warm) and 'los calienta' (warms them), while the figurative Niphal in Isa 57:5 — 'those inflaming themselves' — reveals how the same root moves from comfort to cultic excess.
Senses
1. be warm or hot — The basic Qal intransitive sense: to be, become, or grow warm or hot. This covers most occurrences, from manna melting when the sun grew hot (Exod 16:21) to the aged David who could not get warm (1 Kgs 1:1), to Elisha lying upon the child until his flesh grew warm (2 Kgs 4:34). Eccl 4:11 observes that two lying together will be warm. The Psalmist's heart grew hot within him as he mused (Ps 39:3). Spanish 'se calentó' and 'arden' reflect both gentle warmth and rising heat. 10×
AR["اِسْتَدْفَأْتُ","حَميَ","فَدَفِئَ","لِـ-يَدْفَئِهِمْ","وَ-حَمِيَتِ","وَيَدْفَأُ","وَيَسْتَدْفِئُ","يَحمَونَ","يَدْفَأُ","يَدْفَئَانِ"]·ben["-তাদের-গরম-করতে","উত্তপ্ত-হয়","এবং-উষ্ণ","এবং-উষ্ণ-হবে","এবং-গরম-করে","এবং-গরম-হল","গরম-হয়","গরম-হয়েছি-আমি","গরম-হল"]·DE["Krieg-hot","[וחם]","[ויחם]","[חמותי]","[יחם]","[יחמו]","[לחמם]","und-es-soll-sein-warm","und-grew-warm","und-war-hot"]·EN["I-am-warm","and-grew-warm","and-it-shall-be-warm","and-warm","and-warms-himself","and-was-hot","are-hot","he-warms-himself","to-warm-them","was-hot"]·FR["Ham","[ויחם]","[חמותי]","[יחם]","[לחמם]","et-cela-devra-être-warm","et-grandit-warm","et-était-hot","et-וחם","être-chaud"]·heb["ו-חם","ו-יחם","חם-","חמותי","יחם","יחמו","ל-חמם"]·HI["और-गर्म-हुआ","और-गर्म-होता-था","और-गर्म-होता-है","और-गर्मी","और-गर्मी-हो","गर्म-हुआ","गर्म-हुआ-मैं","गर्म-होता-है","गर्म-होते-हैं","गर्म-होने-के-लिए"]·ID["ada-kehangatan","aku-hangat","dan-hangatlah","dan-ia-akan-hangat","dan-menghangatkan-diri","dan-panas","ia-menghangatkan-diri","panas","untuk-menghangatkan-mereka"]·IT["[חם]","[יחמו]","e-crebbe-caldo","e-e-warm","e-esso-dovrà-essere-caldo","e-fu-hot","e-riscaldarsi","riscaldarsi"]·jav["Benter","Kula-anget","kanggé-anget","lan-anget","lan-panas","panas","piyambakipun-anget"]·KO["그리고-더우니","그리고-따뜻하게-될-것이다","그리고-따뜻하다","그리고-따뜻하였다","그리고-따뜻해졌다","따뜻하기-위한-그들의","따뜻하며","따뜻하였다-나는","뜨거워지는도다","뜨거웠도다"]·PT["Ardeu","aquecem-se","aqueci-me","e-aquecerá","e-aqueceu","e-esquentou","e-há-calor","e-se-aquece","para-se-aquecer","se-aquece"]·RU["и-когда-пригревало","и-согреется","и-согрелось","и-согрелся","и-тепло","разгораются","разгорячилось","согревается","согрелся-я","согреться-им"]·ES["Se-calentó","arden","me-calenté","para-calentarse","se-calienta","y-calentaba","y-calor","y-dará-calor","y-se-calentó","y-se-calienta"]·SW["Ulikuwa-moto","anaota-moto","na-akaota-moto","na-apate-joto","na-ikapata-joto","na-ilipokuwa-joto","nimeota-moto","wanawaka-moto","watapata-joto","ya-kuota"]·TR["Isındı-","isindim","isiniyor","isinmak-icin","kızışır","ve-isindi","ve-sicak","ve-ısındığında","ve-ısınsın"]·urd["اور-گرم-ہو","اور-گرم-ہوا","اور-گرم-ہوتا-ہے","اور-گرمی","میں-گرم-ہو-گیا","گرم-ہوا","گرم-ہوتا-ہے","گرم-ہوتے-ہیں","گرم-ہونے-کے-لیے"]
2. warm transitively — Piel causative: to make warm, to heat another. Found in Job 39:14, where the ostrich leaves her eggs in the earth and lets the dust warm them (תְחַמְּמֵם). The mother bird's neglect is the point — the sand, not she, provides the heat. Spanish 'los calienta' captures the transitive force clearly. 1×
AR["تُدَفِّئُهُ."]·ben["সে-তাপ-দেয়"]·DE["[תחמם]"]·EN["she-warms-them"]·FR["תחמם"]·heb["תחמם"]·HI["वह-गर्म-करती-है"]·ID["menghangatkannya"]·IT["ella-warms-loro"]·jav["piyambak-ipun-ngenteni-anget"]·KO["따뜻하게-한다"]·PT["aquece."]·RU["согревает"]·ES["los-calienta"]·SW["anayapasha-joto"]·TR["ısıtır"]·urd["گرم-کرتی-ہے"]
3. inflame oneself figuratively — Niphal reflexive-figurative: to inflame oneself, used in Isa 57:5 of those burning with lust among the oaks and under every green tree — a picture of idolatrous frenzy. The root's warmth becomes a consuming, illicit fire. Spanish 'los que se encienden' (those who kindle themselves) conveys the self-directed, passionate intensity of this rare usage. 1×
AR["الْمُتَوَقِّدُونَ"]·ben["-যারা-উত্তেজিত-হয়"]·DE["[הנחמים]"]·EN["the-ones-inflaming-themselves"]·FR["[הנחמים]"]·heb["ה-ניחמים"]·HI["गर्म-होनेवाले"]·ID["yang-memanaskan-diri"]·IT["riscaldarsi"]·jav["Ingkang-murub"]·KO["뛰거워지는-자들이니"]·PT["Os-que-se-inflamam"]·RU["hа-разжигающие-себя"]·ES["Los-que-se-encienden"]·SW["wanaojipasha-moto"]·TR["Isinanlarin"]·urd["جوش-میں-آنے-والے"]
4. warm oneself reflexively — Hithpael reflexive: to warm oneself deliberately. In Job 31:20, Job defends his care for the poor, asking whether the needy man's body was not warmed by the fleece of his sheep. The reflexive stem emphasizes the subject's own experience of receiving warmth. Spanish 'se calentó' parallels the self-directed action. 1×
AR["يَتَدَفَّأُ"]·ben["উষ্ণ-হত"]·DE["[יתחמם]"]·EN["he-was-warmed"]·FR["יתחמם"]·heb["יתחמם"]·HI["गरम-हुआ"]·ID["ia menjadi hangat"]·IT["egli-era-warmed"]·jav["dados-anget"]·KO["그가-따뜻해졌다"]·PT["aquecia-se"]·RU["согревался"]·ES["se-calentó"]·SW["alipata-joto"]·TR["ısınıyordu"]·urd["گرم ہوا"]
Related Senses
H5921a 1. upon, on, over (spatial) (5443×)H0413 1. directional: to, toward (5366×)H1121a 1. son, male offspring, descendant (4914×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H4428 1. king, human ruler (2518×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H6440 1. before, in front of (spatial) (1870×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H3027 1. physical hand (body part) (1596×)H1697 1. word, speech, utterance (1235×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [חָמַם] vb. be or become warm (NH id., Pi., make warm, Aramaic ܚܰܡ, חֲמַם be warm; Arabic حَمَّ become hot, of water; also heat, kindle fire in)— Qal Pf. חַם ψ 39:4; Ex 16:21; וְחַם consec. 1 K 1:2; Ec 4:11; חַמּוֹתִ֫י Is 44:16; Impf. יָחֹם Is 44:16; וַיָּ֫חָם 2 K 4:34; Is 44:15; יִחַם (יֵ K3) 1 K 1:1; יֵחַם Dt 19:6; יֵחָ֑ם Ec 4:11; 3 fs. תֵּחַם Ez 24:11; יֵחַמּוּ Ho 7:7; וַיֶּחֱמוּ Gn 30:39;…