H2435 H2435
outer, external — describing what lies outside, especially the outer courts and gates of the temple
Chitson is an adjective meaning outer or external, the spatial opposite of penimi ('inner'). Its 25 occurrences cluster overwhelmingly in Ezekiel's great temple vision (chapters 40-46), where it designates the outer court, outer gate, and outer chambers of the ideal sanctuary — the zone of transition between profane space and the sacred interior. The word also appears in the historical books for the outer entry of the king's passage to the Temple (2 Kgs 16:18), the outer wall Manasseh built around the City of David (2 Chr 33:14), and the outer court of Ahasuerus's palace where Haman waited while the king could not sleep (Est 6:4). In 1 Kings 6:29-30, it distinguishes the outer room of Solomon's temple from the inner sanctuary. Spanish 'exterior,' French equivalents, and German 'Aussen-' all capture the spatial contrast cleanly.
Senses
1. outer, external, outside — The spatial adjective marking what lies on the outside of a structure, opposed to penimi ('inner'). Dominant in Ezekiel's temple blueprint, where 'the outer court' (hachatsèr hachitsonah) appears over twenty times to define the publicly accessible zone of the eschatological sanctuary (Ezek 10:5; 40:17, 20, 31; 42:1-14; 44:19; 46:21). Also describes the outer king's entry at the Jerusalem Temple (2 Kgs 16:18), Manasseh's outer fortification wall (2 Chr 33:14), and the palace court in Esther (Est 6:4). Spanish 'exterior' and the cross-linguistic evidence confirm a single architectural-spatial sense. 25×
AR["الْ-خَارِجِيَّةِ", "الْ-خَارِجِيِّ", "الْخَارِجِيَّةِ", "وَ-لِ-الـ-خَارِجِ"]·ben["-বাইরের", "এবং-বাইরে", "বাইরের"]·DE["Aussenmauer", "[החיצונה]", "und-fuer-der-outside", "und-zu-der-outside"]·EN["and-for-the-outside", "and-to-the-outside", "the-outer"]·FR["[החיצונה]", "[החיצנה]", "[החצונה]", "[החצנה]", "et-pour-le-à-l'extérieur", "et-à-le-à-l'extérieur", "l'extérieur"]·heb["ה-חיצון", "ה-חיצונה", "ו-ל-ה-חיצון"]·HI["और-बाहर", "बाहरी"]·ID["dan-ke-luar", "dan-untuk-luar", "luar", "yang-luar"]·IT["[החיצונה]", "e-a-il-fuori", "e-per-il-fuori", "l'esterno", "muro-esterno"]·jav["jawi", "lan-kagem-jawi", "lan-saking-jawi", "njaba"]·KO["그-바깥의", "그-바깥쪽의", "그리고-바깥에서", "바깥쪽의"]·PT["a-exterior", "e-por-fora", "o-exterior"]·RU["внешнего", "внешнему", "внешний", "внешних", "и-снаружи"]·ES["el-exterior", "exterior", "la-exterior", "y-de-afuera"]·SW["la-nje", "na-nje", "wa-nje", "wa-nyumba"]·TR["dış", "dış-", "dıştaki", "dışındaki", "ve-dıştan"]·urd["اور-باہر", "اور-باہر سے", "بیرونی"]
1 Kgs 6:29, 1 Kgs 6:30, 2 Kgs 16:18, 1 Chr 26:29, 2 Chr 33:14, Neh 11:16, Esth 6:4, Ezek 10:5, Ezek 40:17, Ezek 40:20, Ezek 40:31, Ezek 40:34 (+13 more)
Related Senses
H8033 1. There (locative adverb) (835×)H7760a 1. put, place, set physically (444×)H8064 1. heavens / sky (329×)H5439 1. around, all around (spatial) (319×)H4057b 1. wilderness, desert region (270×)H3220 1. sea, body of water (269×)H0520a 1. cubit (unit of length) (246×)H0127 1. ground, land (territory) (210×)H3383 1. Jordan River (proper noun) (183×)G1093 1. earth, the world (176×)H5800a 1. forsake, abandon (Qal active) (166×)H8121 1. sun (celestial body) (133×)H7126 1. offer, present sacrificially (122×)H6828 1. north, cardinal direction (120×)H2351 1. outside, exterior space (119×)H5104 1. river, stream (119×)H7341 1. width, breadth (101×)G1563 1. there (95×)H7126 2. draw near, approach (95×)G2281 1. sea, large body of water (91×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† חִיצוֹן adj. outer, external (opp. פְּנִימִי) f. חִיצוֹנָה (for חוֹצוֹן, by dissim., BaNB xxix PhilBAS ii. 2. 362 Ges§ 27. 3 R 6)— 1. 2 K 16:18 מְבוֹא הַמֶּלֶךְ הַחִיצוֹנָה the outer entry of the king (viz. to the Temple), Ez 44:1 the outer gate of the sanctuary, החצר החיצונה the outer court (of the Temple) Ez 10:5 40:17, 20, 31, 34, 37; 42:1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 14; 44:19, 1; 46:9, 20, 21, cf. Est 6:4…