Search / H2398
H2398 H2398
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp  |  240× in 9 senses
to sin, miss the mark, purify from sin; moral failure (Qal), causing sin (Hifil), ritual purification (Piel/Hitpael)
The verb chata' (240 occurrences) centers on the concept of missing a goal or standard, most commonly moral transgression. The Qal stem (165x) denotes committing sin against God or ethical law, while the Hifil causative (32x) means to lead another person into sin. The Piel (14x) and Hitpael (9x) flip the semantic polarity entirely, expressing ritual purification from sin—making a sin offering, cleansing the altar, or undergoing ceremonial cleansing. The Qal participle splits into substantival 'sinner' (9x) and verbal 'sinning' (8x) based on syntactic context. Arabic, Korean, and Swahili cognates preserve the moral sense in Qal/Hifil and the purification sense in Piel/Hitpael, confirming these as stable polysemous patterns within the Semitic verbal system.

Senses
1. Qal: to sin, commit sin The Qal finite verb and infinitive (165 passages) express active commission of sin or moral failure. All person/number/gender/tense forms share this core meaning. Cross-linguistic evidence shows dedicated sin vocabulary: pecado (Spanish), péché (French), gesündigt (German), confirming chata' as the standard Hebrew term for moral transgression. 165×
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Sin and Transgression
AR["أخطَأتُ","أخْطَأتُ","أَخطَأتُ","أَخْطَأْتُ","أُخطِئ"]·ben["আমি-পাপ-করেছি","পাপ-করিনি","পাপ-করেছি"]·DE["habe-ich-gesündigt","habe-ich-suendigte","haben-suendigte","ich-habe-suendigte","ich-suendigte","suendigen","suendigte"]·EN["I-have-sinned","I-sin","I-sinned","have-I-sinned","have-sinned","sinned"]·FR["Je-pécha","ai-je-pécha","avoir-Je-pécha","avoir-pécha","je-ai-pécha","je-pécha","pécha","pécher"]·heb["חטא","חטאתי"]·HI["पाप-किया","पाप-किया-मैंने","पाप-किया-है","मैंने-पाप-किया","मैंने-पाप-किया-है","मैने-पअप-किय"]·ID["Aku-berdosa","Aku-telah-berdosa","aku-berdosa","aku-telah-berdosa","berdosa"]·IT["avere-io-peccò","avere-peccò","io-avere-peccò","io-pecco","io-peccò","peccare","peccò"]·jav["Kawula-sampun-nglampahi-dosa","Kula-sampun-dosa","dosa","kawula-dosa","kawula-sampun-damel-dosa","kawula-sampun-dosa","kula-dosa","kula-lepat","kula-nglampahi-dosa","nindakaken-dosa","sampun-nglampahi-dosa"]·KO["내가-범죄했다","내가-범죄했습니다","내가-죄-지었으면","내가-죄를-범했다","내가-죄를-지었나이까","내가범죄하였다","범죄하였나이다","범하였나이다","범하였느냐","범했다","범했다-나는","범했다-죄를-나는","죄를-지었다","죄를-지었다-내가","죄를짓지않았다"]·PT["Pequei","pequei"]·RU["согрешил","согрешил-я"]·ES["He-pecado","Pequé","Si-he-pecado,","he-pecado","peco,","pequé"]·SW["na-wakajaza","nilipiga","nimefanya-dhambi","nimekosa","nimekukosea","nimetenda-dhambi"]·TR["günah-işledim","suç-işledim"]·urd["میں-نے-گناہ-کیا","گناہ-کروں","گناہ-کیا","گناہ-کیا-میں-نے","گناہ-کیا-ہے-میں-نے"]
2. Hifil: to cause to sin The Hifil causative (32 occurrences) introduces a distinct argument structure: X causes Y to sin. Key passages include Exodus 23:33 (foreign gods causing Israel to sin), 1 Kings 14:16 (Jeroboam's sins leading the nation astray). Multilingual glosses preserve causative morphology: caused to sin, hizo pecar, causa à péché. 32×
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Sin and Transgression
AR["أَخطَأَ","أَخْطَأَ","جَعَلَ-يَخْطَأُ","جَعَلَ-يَخْطَئُ","لِيُخْطِئَ","وَكَلِمَاتٍ"]·ben["পাপ-করাইয়েছিলেন","পাপ-করাতে","পাপ-করায়েছে","পাপ-করিয়েছিল","পাপ-করিয়েছিলেন","সে-পাপ-করিয়েছিল"]·DE["caused-zu-Suende","er-caused-zu-Suende","suendigte","zu-cause-zu-Suende"]·EN["caused-to-sin","he-caused-to-sin","to-cause-to-sin"]·FR["causa-à-péché","il-causa-à-péché","à-cause-à-péché","à-pécher"]·heb["החטיא","ל-החטיא"]·HI["पाप-करवाया","पाप-करवाया-था","पाप-कराने-को","पाप-कराया","हेखती"]·ID["dia-menyebabkan-berdosa","ia-menyebabkan-berdosa","membuat-berdosa","menyebabkan-berdosa","untuk-menyebabkan-berdosa"]·IT["a-causa-a-peccato","causò-a-peccato","egli-causò-a-peccato","per-peccare"]·jav["kangge-ndadosaken-dosa","ndadosaken-dosa","nindakaken","njalari-ndosa","piyambakipun-ndadosaken-dosa","sampun-ndamel-dosa"]·KO["범죄하게-하였던","범하게-하기-위해","범하게-한","범하게-했다"]·PT["fazer-pecar","fez-pecar","para-fazer-pecar"]·RU["-ввёл-в-грех","вводить-в-грех","ввёл-в-грех","чтобы-ввести-в-грех"]·ES["hacer-pecar","hizo-pecar","para-hacer-pecar"]·SW["alimfanya-kutenda-dhambi","aliwafanya-kutenda-dhambi","aliwakosesha","aliyekosesha","kifanye-dhambi","kuwakosesha"]·TR["gunah-isletti","gunaha-sokmak-icin","günah-işletmek-için","günah-işletti","günaha-düşürdü","günaha-soktu","günaha-sürükledi"]·urd["اُس-نے-گناہ-کرایا","اُس-نے-گناہ-کروایا","گناہ-کرانے","گناہ-کرایا","گناہ-کروانے-کو","گناہ-کروایا","گناہ-کروایا-تھا"]
3. Piel: to purify from sin The Piel stem (14 times) flips semantic polarity to purification: making a sin offering, cleansing the altar (Lev 8:15), purifying a house from mildew (Lev 14:49). This factitive/denominative use derives from the noun chatta't (sin offering). Arabic tahhara (to purify), Korean jeongyeolhage hada (to cleanse), confirm the ritual purity domain. 14×
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Sin and Transgression
AR["-المُقَدِّمُ","طَهَّرُوا","طَهِّرْنِي","لِتَطْهِيرِ","مِنَ-التَّطْهِيرِ","وَ-تُخَطِّئُ","وَ-تُطَهِّرُ","وَ-تُطَهِّرُهُ","وَ-جَعَلُوا-خَطِيئَةً","وَ-طَهَّرَ","وَ-طَهَّرَهُ","وَ-يُطَهِّرُ","وَ-يُطَهِّرُهُ","وَ-يُطَهِّرُونَ"]·ben["এবং-তাকে-শুদ্ধ-করবে","এবং-তারা-পাপ-শোধন-করবে","এবং-তুমি-পাপ-শোধন-করবে","এবং-তুমি-পাপমোচন-করবে","এবং-শুচি-করবে","এবং-শুদ্ধ-করবে","এবং-সে-পাপার্থক-বলি-উৎসর্গ-করল","এবং-সে-শুদ্ধ-করল","ও-প্রায়শ্চিত্ত-করল","তারা-পাপ-শোধন-করেছিল","পাপ-শোধন-থেকে","যে-পাপার্থক-বলি-দেয়","শুচি-করতে","শুদ্ধ-কর-আমাকে"]·DE["Sünde","der-offers-es-wie-Suende-Opfergabe","suendigen","und-Suende","und-du-soll-reinigen","und-opferte-es-wie-Suende-Opfergabe","und-reinigen-ihn","und-reinigte","und-soll-reinigen","und-suendigen","zu-reinigen"]·EN["and-made-sin-offering","and-offered-it-as-sin-offering","and-purified","and-purify-him","and-shall-purify","and-they-shall-purify","and-you-shall-purify","from-purifying","purge-me-with-sin-offering","they-purified","to-purify","who-offers-it-as-sin-offering"]·FR["et-devra-purifier","et-offrit-cela-comme-péché-offrande","et-purifia","et-purifier-lui","et-pécher","et-tu---purifier","pécher","qui-offers-cela-comme-péché-offrande","à-purifier"]·heb["ה-מחטא","ו-חטא","ו-חיטאו","ו-חיטאת","חיטאו","ל-חטא","מ-חטא","תחטאני"]·HI["उन्होंने-पाप-से-शुद्ध-किया","और-उनहोने-पअप-बलि-कि","और-तू-पाप-से-शुद्ध-करेगा","और-पाप दूर करेगा","और-पाप-मुक्त-किया","और-पापमुक्त-किया","और-वह-उसे-पवित्र-करे","और-वे-पाप-से-शुद्ध-करेंगे","और-शुद्ध-करना","पाप दूर करने के लिए","पाप-से-शुद्ध-करने-से","पापबलि-चढ़ाने-वाला","शुद्ध-कर-मुझे"]·ID["Dan-mentahirkan","dan-engkau-akan-menyucikan","dan-engkau-mentahirkan","dan-hendaklah-mentahirkannya","dan-membuat-korban-penghapus-dosa","dan-mempersembahkannya-sebagai-korban-penghapus-dosa","dan-menguduskan","dan-mereka-mentahirkan","dari-mentahirkan","mereka-mentahirkan","untuk-mentahirkan","yang-mempersembahkan-korban-penghapus-dosa"]·IT["a-purificare","che-offers-esso-come-peccare-offerta","e-dovra-purificare","e-offri-esso-come-peccare-offerta","e-peccare","e-peccato","e-purificare-lui","e-purifico","e-tu-shall-purificare","peccare"]·jav["Lan-nyucekaken-dosa","kang-nyembelèh-dosa","kangge-nyucekaken-dosa","lah","lan-nindakaken-kurban-dosa","lan-nyaosaken-kangge-dosa","lan-nyucekaken-dosa","lan-nyucekaken-piyambakipun","lan-panjenengan-nucèkaken","lan-sami-nyucekakén-saking-dosa","saking-nyucekakén-saking-dosa","sami-nyucekakén-saking-dosa"]·KO["그것들이-정결하게-했다","그리고-그것들이-정결하게-할-것이다","그리고-네가-정결하게-할-것이다","그리고-속죄했다","그리고-속죄했다-그것을","그리고-정결케-하리라","그리고-정결하게-하라","그리고-정결하게-했다","그리고-정결했다-그를","속죄하는","에-정결하게-하기로부터","우슬초-로","정결케-하려고"]·PT["E-purificará","Purifica-me","de-purificar","e-fez-expiação-com-ele","e-fizeram-expiacão","e-o-purificará","e-purificarás","e-purificarão","e-purificou","o-que-faz-expiação","para-purificar","purificaram"]·RU["для-очищения","и-очистил-от-греха","и-очистил-от-греха-его","и-очистит","и-очистит-его","и-очистишь-от-греха","и-очисть-от-греха","и-очистят-от-греха","и-совершили-очищение","от-очищения-от-греха","очисти-меня","очистили-от-греха","приносящий-жертву-за-грех"]·ES["Y-purificará","de-purificar","el-que-hace-expiación","para-purificar","purificaron","purifícame-del-pecado","y-lo-ofreció-por-el-pecado","y-ofrecieron-por-el-pecado","y-purificará-lo","y-purificarán","y-purificarás","y-purificó"]·SW["Na-atatakasa","Unitakase","anayetoa-sadaka-ya-dhambi","kutakasa","na-akaitakasa","na-akaitoa-sadaka-ya-dhambi","na-amtakase","na-utafanya-upatanisho","na-wakafanya-sadaka-ya-dhambi","utaitakasa","utatakasa","walitakasa","wataitakasa"]·TR["-sunan","arındır-beni","arındırdılar","arındırmak-için","arındırmayı","ve-arındıracak","ve-arındıracaklar","ve-arındıracaksın","ve-arındırdı","ve-arındırsın-onu","ve-günah-sunusu-yaptılar","ve-sundu-onu-günah-için","ve-temizleyeceksin"]·urd["اور-تو-پاک-کرے-گا","اور-پاک-کرو","اور-پاک-کریں-گے","اور-پاک-کرے-اُسے","اور-پاک-کرے-گا","اور-پاک-کرےگا","اور-پاک-کیا","اور-گناہ-کی-قربانی-چڑھائی","اور-گناہ-کی-قربانی-کیا","قربانی-دینے-والا","لئے-پاک-کرنے-کے","پاک-کر-مجھے","پاک-کیا-تھا","گناہ-کی-قربانی-سے"]
4. Hitpael: to purify oneself The Hitpael reflexive (9 passages) expresses self-purification or undergoing ritual cleansing, especially in Numbers 8:21, 19:12-20 (Levitical purification laws). The reflexive morphology corresponds to Arabic yatatahharu (to purify oneself), Korean jeongyeolhaejida (to become clean), showing a productive Semitic pattern.
DISCOURSE_NAMES Discourse Referentials Reflexive Pronouns
AR["تَتَطَهَّرُونَ","وَ-تَطَهَّرَ","يَتَطَهَّرُ","يَتَطَهَّرُ-","يَتَطَهَّرُونَ."]·ben["এবং-শুদ্ধ-হলেন","তারা-পবিত্র-হয়","নিজেকে-শুদ্ধ-করবে-","নিজেকে-শুদ্ধ-করে","শুদ্ধ-করবে","শুদ্ধ-হবে"]·DE["er-purifies-sich-selbst","es-soll-sein-reinigte","purifies-sich-selbst","reinigen-euch-selbst","soll-reinigen-sich-selbst-","suendigte","und-reinigte-sich-selbst"]·EN["and-purified-themselves","he-purifies-himself","it-shall-be-purified","purifies-himself","purify-yourselves","shall-purify-himself-","they-are-beside-themselves"]·FR["cela-devra-être-purifia","devra-purifier-lui-même-","et-purifia-eux-mêmes","il-purifies-lui-même","purifier-vous-mêmes","purifies-lui-même","pécher"]·heb["ו-חטא","חטא","יתחטאו"]·HI["अपने-आपको-शुद्ध-करे-","और-शुद्ध-हुए","वह-अपने-आपको-शुद्ध-करता-है","वह-अपने-आपको-शुद्ध-करे","वे-घबरा-जाते-हैं","शुद्ध-करो","शुद्ध-होगी"]·ID["dan-menyucikan-diri","ditahirkan","hendaklah-mentahirkan-diri-","mentahirkan-diri","mereka bingung","sucikan-dirimu"]·IT["dovra-purificare-se-stesso-","e-purifico-se-stessi","egli-purifies-se-stesso","esso-dovra-essere-purifico","peccare","purificare-voi-stessi","purifies-se-stesso"]·jav["Lan-piyambakipun-nucekaken","nucèkna","nucèkna-dhiri","nyucekaken","sami-bingung.","sami-nyucekaken"]·KO["그리고-정결하게했다","너희는-정결하게-할지니라","놓친다","자신을-정결할-것이다","정결해지니라"]·PT["E-purificaram-se","purificai-vos","purificareis","se-purificam.","se-purificar","se-purificará","será-purificado"]·RU["и-очистились-от-греха","очистите","очиститесь","очистится","очищаются"]·ES["Y-se-purificaron","os-purificaréis","purificaréis","se-confunden","se-purifica","se-purificará","será-purificado"]·SW["ajitakase-","jitakase","kitakaswe","mtajitakasa","na-wakajitakasa","wanajisafisha"]·TR["arınacak","arınacaksınız","arındıracaksınız","arınsın-","arınırsa","ve-arındılar","şaşkın-kaliyorlar"]·urd["اور-پاک-ہوئے","اپنے-آپ-کو-پاک-کرو","وہ-گھبرا-جاتے-ہیں","پاک-کرو","پاک-کرے-اپنے-آپ-کو","پاک-کی-جائے"]
5. Qal participle: sinner (substantival) The Qal participle used substantively (9 times) denotes 'the sinner' as a noun class in Wisdom literature (Proverbs, Ecclesiastes). Arabic al-khaati' (the sinner), Korean joein (sinner), Swahili mwenye dhambi (one with sin), Hindi paapi (sinner) show consistent nominalization of the verbal root.
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Sin and Transgression
AR["خاطِئٍ","خَاطِئٌ","كَ-حُوطِيء","مِنْهَا","وَ-الْخَاطِئُ","وَ-الْمُخْطِئُ-إِلَيَّ","وَ-خاطِئٌ","وَفَرَحًا","وِ-حُوطِيء"]·ben["-এবং-পাপী","এবং-পাপী","এবং-যে-পাপ-করে-আমার-বিরুদ্ধে","কিন্তু-পাপী","কিন্তু-পাপীকে","পাপী","পাপীর","পাপীর-মতো"]·DE["suendigte","und-suendigen","und-suendigte","wie-suendigte"]·EN["and-sinner","and-the-sinner","and-to-the-sinner","but-he-who-sins-against-me","like-the-sinner","sinner","the-sinner"]·FR["et-pécher","et-pécher-moi","pécher"]·heb["ו-ה-חוטא","ו-חוטא","ו-חוטאי","ו-ל-חוטא","חוטא","כ-חוטא"]·HI["और-पाप-करनेवाला-मेरे-विरुद्ध","और-पापी","और-पापी-को","पापी","पापी-का","पापी-के-समान"]·ID["Tetapi-yang-berdosa-terhadapku","dan-orang-berdosa","orang-berdosa","seperti-yang-berdosa","tetapi-kepada-orang-berdosa","tetapi-orang-berdosa"]·IT["come-il-peccare","e-al-peccare","e-peccare","e-peccare-mio","peccare"]·jav["kados-tiyang-dosa","lan-dhateng-tiyang-dosa","lan-ingkang-dosa","lan-tiyang-dosa","lan-tiyang-kang-luput-saking-kula","nanging-tiyang-dosa","tiyang-dosa"]·KO["같이-죄인","그러나-범하는-자-는","그리고-그-죄인이","그리고-죄인","그리고-죄인-에게","그리고-죄인-은","죄인","죄인-의"]·PT["E-quem-peca-contra-mim","assim-o-pecador","e-ao-pecador","e-o-pecador","e-pecador","pecador"]·RU["А-грешащий-против-меня","а-грешник","а-грешнику","грешит","грешника","и-hа-грешник","и-грешнику","но-грешник","так-грешнику;"]·ES["como-el-pecador","pecador","y-al-pecador","y-el-pecador","y-el-que-peca-contra-mí","y-pecador"]·SW["hivyo-mwenye-dhambi","lakini-anayekosea-dhidi-yangu","lakini-kwa-mwenye-dhambi","lakini-mwenye-dhambi","mwenye-dhambi","na-mwenye-dhambi"]·TR["gunahkar","gunahkar-gibi","günahkarın","ve-gunah-isleyen","ve-gunahkar","ve-gunahkara","ve-günahkar","ve-ıskalayanlar-beni"]·urd["اور-خطا-کرنے-والا-میرے-خلاف","اور-گناہگار","اور-گنہگار-کو","جیسے-گناہگار","گناہگار","گناہگار-کی"]
6. Qal participle: sinning (verbal) The Qal participle used verbally (8 occurrences) describes ongoing sinful action in predicate position: 'he is sinning' (1 Sam 14:33), 'the one sinning against' (Prov 14:21, 19:2). Context distinguishes this from the substantival use; translations reflect verbal aspect: sinning, pecando, péchant.
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Sin and Transgression
AR["الَّتِي-تُخْطِئُ","خاطِئٌ","خَاطِئَةٌ","وَ-خاطِئٍ","يُخْطِئُونَ"]·ben["এবং-পাপ-করছ","পাপ-করছে","পাপ-করে","পাপী","যে-পাপ-করছে"]·DE["der-Suende","suendigend","suendigte","und-suendigte"]·EN["and-sinning-against","sinning","sins","the-sinning"]·FR["et-pécher","péchant","pécher","péché"]·heb["ה-חוטאת","ו-חוטא","חוטא","חוטאים"]·HI["और-पाप-करने-वाला","पाप-करता-है","पाप-करते-हैं","पाप-करनेवाला","पापी","पापी-है"]·ID["berdosa","berdosa-terhadap","dan-berdosa-terhadap","yang-berbuat-dosa","yang-berdosa"]·IT["e-peccare","il-peccato","peccando","peccare"]·jav["dosa","ingkang-dosa","lan-dosa","nglanggar"]·KO["그-죄-짓는","그리고-범죄하였도다","범하느니라","범하는-자이니라","죄를-짓고-있다","죄를-짓는","죄인-이다"]·PT["a-que-peca","e-pecando","erra","peca","pecadora","pecando"]·RU["грешащему","грешит","и-согрешающий","согрешает","согрешающая","согрешающий-против"]·ES["la-que-peca","peca","peca-contra","pecadora","pecando","y-pecando-contra-"]·SW["anafanya-dhambi","anakosea","hukosa","inayotenda-dhambi","lenye-dhambi","mnatenda-dhambi","na-kutenda-dhambi-dhidi-ya"]·TR["gunah-işleyen","günah-işler","günah-işleyen","günahkârdır","ve-günah-işleyen"]·urd["اور-گناہ-کر-رہا-ہے","گناہ-کر-رہے-ہیں","گناہ-کرتا-ہے","گناہ-کرنے-والی","گناہگار","گناہگار-ہے"]
7. sense 7 A single uncertain occurrence at Judges 20:16, where Benjamin's slingers 'do not miss' (lo' yachti'), may preserve the original physical sense of missing a target. Translations diverge: miss, erraban (erred), confirming ambiguity about whether this is literal marksmanship or a figurative extension.
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Sin and Transgression
AR["يُخْطِئُ"]·ben["লক্ষ্যচ্যুত-হত"]·DE["miss"]·EN["miss"]·FR["miss"]·heb["יחטיא"]·HI["चूकते"]·ID["meleset"]·IT["miss"]·jav["mèleset"]·KO["빗나가다"]·PT["errava"]·RU["промахивающихся"]·ES["erraban"]·SW["shabaha"]·TR["ıskalamazlardı"]·urd["چُوکتے"]
8. sense 8 Genesis 31:39 presents a unique usage: Jacob 'bore the loss' (achatenah) of stolen sheep. The gloss 'bore loss of it' (expiaba la, enfanta loss de cela, musste es büßen) suggests a commercial or legal sense of bearing liability, possibly related to missing/lacking the stolen item.
PHYSICAL_ACTION Physical Impact Striking and Reference
AR["أُكَفِّرُ-ها"]·ben["বহন-করতাম-সেটা"]·DE["musste-es-büßen"]·EN["bore-loss-of-it"]·FR["enfanta-loss-de-cela"]·heb["חטא"]·HI["भरता-था-उसे"]·ID["menanggung-nya"]·IT["portò-loss-di-esso"]·jav["nanggelaken-piyambakipun"]·KO["보상했다-그것을-내가"]·PT["pagava-o"]·RU["возмещал-его"]·ES["expiaba-la"]·SW["nilibeba-hasara"]·TR["öderdim-onu"]·urd["بھرتا-تھا-اُسے"]
9. sense 9 Isaiah 29:21 uses a Hifil participle in an unusual construction: 'those making a man [an offender]' (machatiem adam). The context suggests causing someone to sin or treating them as guilty, but the syntactic frame is unique, and translations struggle: making a man, los que hacen pecar.
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Sin and Transgression
AR["الْمُخْطِئِينَ-إِنْسَانًا"]·ben["পাপ-করানেওয়ালাদের"]·DE["suendigen"]·EN["Those-making-a-man"]·FR["pécher"]·heb["מחטיאי"]·HI["पाप-कराने-वाले"]·ID["Yang-menjadikan-berdosa"]·IT["peccare"]·jav["tiyang-ingkang-ndadosaken"]·KO["범죄하게-하는-자들이"]·PT["Os-que-fazem-pecar"]·RU["Обвиняющие-"]·ES["Los-que-hacen-pecar"]·SW["Wanaowafanya-watu-kutenda-dhambi"]·TR["Gunahkar-edenler"]·urd["گناہگار-کرنے-والے"]

BDB / Lexicon Reference
חָטָא238 vb. miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin (NH id.; Aramaic חֲטָא, ܚܛܳܐ; Assyrian ḫaṭû, ZimBP 46; Sab. חֿטא, החֿטא, id., DHM in MV; Arabic خَطِىَٔ do wrong, commit a mistake or an error; ii. make to miss the mark; iv. miss the mark, miss the way; Ethiopic ኀጥአ fail to find or have; sometimes sin, especially in deriv.)— Qal Pf. ח׳ Ex 32:31 + 29 times, 3 fs. חָֽטְאָה Lv 5:15 La 1:8, חָטָ֑אָה