חָזַק291 H2388
to be strong, firm; to seize, grasp; to strengthen, encourage; to repair buildings; to harden (heart); to prevail
Appearing 290 times, this root anchors in firmness and strength but radiates outward into physical seizing, emotional fortification, structural repair, and moral hardening. The Qal stem covers inherent strength ('be strong!'), the Hifil adds intentional grasping ('he seized her hand'), the Piel intensifies into strengthening others or hardening Pharaoh's heart, and the Hitpael turns reflexive ('he strengthened himself'). What makes this verb fascinating is how languages split its semantic load: Arabic uses distinct roots for 'be strong' (قَوِيَ), 'seize' (أَمْسَكَ), 'repair' (رَمَّمَ), and 'harden' (قَسَّى), while Hebrew unifies all under the single concept of firmness—whether of hands, hearts, walls, or wills.
6. Hifil: hold fast, cling to (ongoing) — Hifil 'hold fast, cling to' (25x) describes sustained, ongoing grip—often metaphorical. 'If you refuse to let them go and hold them still' (Exod 9:2), 'he held fast to his deceit' (Jer 8:5). Arabic shifts to تَمَسَّكَ (tamassaka, Form V reflexive of m-s-k, 'cling to, adhere'), Korean 굳게 붙들다 (firmly hold), Spanish mantener/aferrarse (maintain/cling). This Hifil differs from #2's momentary seizure by adding duration and persistence. 25×
AR["المُمْسِكُ","تَتَمَسَّكُ","تَقَوَّيْتُ","تَمَسَّكتُ","مُتَمَسِّكُونَ","مُمْسِكًا","مُمْسِكٌ","مُمْسِكَةٌ","مُمْسِكُونَ","وَ-مُتَمَسِّكِينَ","وَ-مُقَوِّيهَا","وَمُمْسِكٌ","يَتَمَسَّكُ","يَسَعُ","يُعِينُ","يُمْسِكُ"]·ben["-এবং-যারা-ধরে","-যে-ধরে","আমি-ধরেছি","আমি-মেরামত-করেছিলাম","আর-যে-ধরে","ও-যিনি-তাকে-শক্তিশালী-করেছিলেন","কেউ-ধরার","তিনি-ধরে-রাখেন","ধরছে","ধরে-আছ","ধরে-আছে","ধরে-ছিল","ধরে-রাখছ","ধারণ-করত","ধারণ-করেন","যিনি-ধরেন","সে-আঁকড়ে-ধরে"]·DE["er-hielt-fest","holding","oder-eins-holding","staerkte","stark-sein","und-stark-sein"]·EN["He-retains","I-held-fast","I-repaired","am-holding","and-take-hold","and-taking-hold","and-the-one-strengthening-her","he-holds-fast","hold-fast","holding","holding-fast","holds-fast","one-taking-hold","or-one-holding","takes-hold","who-takes-hold"]·FR["et-de-forte","et-fortifier","fortifier","holding","ou-un-tenant"]·heb["החזיק","החזקתי","ו-מחזיק","ו-מחזיקה","ו-מחזיקים","יחזיק","מחזיק","מחזיקים","מחזקת"]·HI["और-थामते-हैं","और-थामनेवाले","और-पकड़नेवाला","और-मज़बूत-करनेवाला-उसे","जो-पकड़ता-है","थामता-है","पकड़ने-वाला","पकड़े-रखता-है","पकड़े-रहते-थे","पकड़े-हुए-है","मैंने-जारी-रखा","मैंने-थामा","ये-जुड़े","वह-पकड़ता","वह-पकड़ेगा","वह-रखता-है","समाते-हुए"]·ID["Dia-mempertahankan","aku-berpegang","aku-memegang-erat","berpegang-teguh","dan-berpegang-teguh","dan-yang-memegang","dan-yang-menguatkannya","ia-berpegang","memegang","memegang-erat","memuat","menopang","yang-berpegang-teguh","yang-memegang"]·IT["e-essere-forte","e-fortificare","essere-forte","fortificare","holding","o-uno-tenendo","rafforzare"]·jav["ingkang-nyepeng","kula-cecekelan","kula-ndandosi","lan-ingkang-ngiyataken","lan-ingkang-nyepeng","lan-nyepeng","nahan","ngemot","ngugemi","nyekel","nyepeng","sami-nyekeli"]·KO["그리고-강하게-하는-자가","그리고-붙잡는","그리고-잡는-자","내가-붙들었다","담고-있는","붙들고-있다","붙잡고-있느냐","붙잡고-있다","붙잡는","붙잡는-자가","붙잡는-자이니라","붙잡았다","붙잡으리라-그가","붙잡으신다-그가","붙잡지-않으신다","잡고-있었다"]·PT["aderindo","agarrar-se-á","contendo","e-agarrando","e-o-que-a-fortaleceu","e-segurando","me-apeguei","o-que-segura","perseverei","que-segura","quem-segura","segura","segurando","sustentará"]·RU["вмещающее","держащая","держащие","держащий","держащийся","держится","держишься","держусь","и-держащиеся","и-держащийся","и-держащихся","и-поддерживающий-её","поддерживает","поддерживающего","присоединяющиеся","удерживает","удерживаешь","укреплял-я","ухватится"]·ES["conteniendo","manteniendo","me-aferré","que-se-aferra","quien-tome","retiene","retienes","se-aferrará","sostengo","sostenía","sostenían","sostiene","trabajé","uniéndose","y-el-que-la-fortalecía","y-el-que-sostiene","y-los-que-se-aferran","y-se-aferran"]·SW["akishika","anashikilia","anayeshika","anayeshikilia","ataishika","hashiki","inashika","na-aliyemsaidia","na-mwenye-kushika","na-wanaoshikilia","nilishikamana","nimeshikilia","ninayeshika","shika","unashikilia","unawashika","wakishika","wakiungana-na","walikuwa-wakishika"]·TR["katılıyorlar","tutacak","tutan","tutar","tuttu","tuttum","tutuyor","tutuyorsan","tutuyorsun","ve-güçlendiren","ve-tutan","ve-tutanlar","ve-tutanlara","çalıştım"]·urd["اور-تقویت-دینے-والا-اُس-کا","اور-پکڑنے-والا","اور-پکڑنے-والے","تھامتا-ہے","سما-سکتا-تھا","شامل-ہوتے-ہیں","میں-نے-تھاما","ٹھامنے-والا","پکڑتا-ہے","پکڑنے-والا","پکڑنے-والا-ہوں","پکڑنے-والے","پکڑی رکھی ہے","پکڑے-جو","پکڑے-رکھتا","پکڑے-ہوئے-ہے"]
Exod 9:2, Judg 16:26, 2 Sam 3:29, 1 Kgs 9:9, 2 Chr 4:5, 2 Chr 7:22, Neh 4:16, Neh 4:17, Neh 4:21, Neh 5:16, Neh 10:29, Job 2:3 (+13 more)
▼ 17 more senses below
Senses
1. Qal: be strong, be courageous — The stative-intransitive Qal (62x) expresses inherent strength or courage, especially in Moses' exhortations: 'Be strong and courageous!' (Deut 31:6-7). Arabic uses تَشَدَّدَ/تَقَوَّى (reflexive 'steel oneself'), Korean 강하다/용감하다 (be strong/be brave), Spanish ser fuerte/esforzarse (be strong). The sense is not competitive overpowering but inner fortitude—emotional, moral, or physical resilience. 62×
AR["تَشَجَّع","تَشَجَّعْ","تَشَدَّدُوا","تَشَدَّدْ","تَقَوَّ","كُنْ-قَوِيًّا","وَ-تَقَوَّ","وَتَشَدَّدْ"]·ben["এবং-শক্তিশালী-হও","ও-দৃঢ়-হও","দৃঢ়-হও","শক্ত-হও","শক্তিশালী-হও","সাহস-কর"]·DE["Krieg-stark","sein-stark","staerkte","stark-sein","und-staerkte","und-stark-sein"]·EN["Be-strong","and-be-strong","be-strong"]·FR["et-fort","fort","fortifier","sois-fort","être-fort"]·heb["ו-חזק","חזק","חזקו"]·HI["और-मज़बूत-हो","दृढ़-रह","दृढ़-हो","दृढ़़-हो","बलवान-होओ","मजबूत-हो","मज़बूत-हो","शक्तिशाली-हो","हिम्मत-रख"]·ID["Kuatkanlah","dan-kuatkanlah","dan-kuatlah","kuatkan-dirimu","kuatkanlah","kuatlah"]·IT["e-fortificare","essere-forte","forte","fortificare","rafforzare"]·jav["Dados-kiyat","Kawiratna","Kuwata","dados-kiyat","dipunkiyataken","kawiratna","kiyat","kiyata","kuwat","lan-kiyata","lan-kuwat","panjenengan-kedah-kuwat","rosas-a","sami-kiyat","santosa"]·KO["강하고","강하라","강하여져라","그리고-강하라"]·PT["Sê-forte","e-sê-forte","sede-fortes","sê-forte"]·RU["будь-крепким","будь-крепок","будь-сильным","будь-силён","будь-твёрд","и-будь-крепок","и-крепись","крепись","укрепись","укрепитесь"]·ES["Esfuerzate","Sé-fuerte","esfuerzate","esfuérzate","fortalézcanse","sé-firme","sé-fuerte","y-fortalécete","y-sé-fuerte"]·SW["Kuwa-hodari","kuwa-imara","kuwa-na-nguvu","kuweni-hodari","na-kuimarika","na-uwe-imara","uwe-hodari","uwe-imara"]·TR["Güçlü-ol","guclen","güçlen","güçlenin","güçlü-ol","ve-güçlen","ve-güçlenin","ve-güçlü-ol"]·urd["اور-مضبوط-ہو","مضبوط-رہ","مضبوط-ہو","ہمت-رکھ"]
Gen 41:57, Deut 11:8, Deut 12:23, Deut 31:6, Deut 31:7, Deut 31:23, Josh 1:6, Josh 1:7, Josh 1:9, Josh 1:18, Josh 10:25, Josh 17:13 (+38 more)
2. Hifil: seize, grasp, take hold of — The Hifil 'seize, grasp' (46x) marks deliberate physical taking hold. The angels 'seized Lot by the hand' (Gen 19:16), the man 'seized her' (Deut 22:25). Arabic shifts to أَمْسَكَ (amsaka, Form IV, a completely different root m-s-k meaning 'grasp, hold'), Korean 붙잡다 (seize), Spanish asir/agarrar (grasp). This causative Hifil transforms inner firmness into outward grip. 46×
AR["أَمْسَكَنَا","تُمْسِكْ","فَ-أَمْسَكَ","فَأَمسَكَها-","فَأَمْسَكَ","مَنْ-يُمْسِكُ","وَ-أَمْسَكَ","وَ-أَمْسِكِي","وَأَمْسَكَ","وَأَمْسَكْتُ","وَيُمْسِكُ","وَيُمْسِكُونَ","يَتَمَسَّكْ","يُمْسِكُ","يُمْسِكُونَ"]·ben["আমাদের-ধরেছে","এবং-ধরব","এবং-ধরবে","এবং-ধরল","এবং-ধরল-","এবং-ধরলেন","ও-ধরল","ও-ধরলেন","ও-ধরে-রাখো","তারা-ধরবে","তারা-ধরে","ধরবে","ধরুক","ধরে","শক্তিশালী-করল।"]·DE["staerkte","stark-sein","und-er-ergriff","und-er-grasped","und-ergriff","und-ergriffen","und-halte-fest","und-staerkte","und-stark-sein"]·EN["and-I-have-grasped","and-he-grasped","and-he-seized","and-hold-fast","and-seized","and-they-will-seize","and-they-will-take-hold","has-seized-us","let-him-take-hold","seizes","she-strengthened","they-grasp","they-seize","will-take-hold"]·FR["et-fortifier","et-il-saisit","et-saisit","et-tenir-fast","fortifier"]·heb["החזיקה","החזיקתנו","ו-אחזק","ו-החזיק","ו-החזיקו","ו-החזיקי","ו-יחזק","ו-יחזק-","ו-יחזקו","יחזיקו","יחזק","מחזיק"]·HI["और-उसने-पकड़ा","और-उस्ने-पकद","और-पकड़","और-पकड़-लिया","और-पकड़ा","और-पकड़ूँगा-मैं","और-पकड़ेंगे","और-पकद","और-वे-पकड़ेंगे","थामा","पकड़ता","पकड़े","पकड़ेंगे","वे-पकड़ेंगे","हमें-पकड़-लिया"]·ID["Dan-ia-memegang","Memegang","akan-memegang","biarlah-ia-berpegang","dan-Aku-memegang","dan-akan-memegang","dan-ia-memegang","dan-ia-memegangnya","dan-memegang","dan-memeganglah","dan-memegangnya","dan-mereka-memegang","dan-peganglah","ia-kuatkan.","mencengkeram-kami","mereka-pegang"]·IT["e-afferrò","e-egli-afferrò","e-essere-forte","e-fortificare","e-tenere-digiunare","essere-forte","fortificare","rafforzare"]·jav["Lan-nyepengi","lan-badhé-nyepeng","lan-cekelan","lan-nyekel","lan-nyekel-","lan-nyepeng","lan-piyambakipun-nyepengi","lan-sami-nyepeng","nyekel","nyekel-kita","piyambakipun-nguataken","piyambakipun-nyekel","sami-nyepeng","supados-nyekel","tiyang-kang-nyekel"]·KO["그녀가-붙잡았다","그들이-잡는다","그리고-그가-잡았다","그리고-붙잡아라","그리고-붙잡았다","그리고-붙잡았다-","그리고-붙잡으리라","그리고-잡았다","붙잡았다-우리를","붙잡으리니","붙잡으리라","잡는-자는","잡으리라-그들이"]·PT["Agarrador-de","E-seguraram","agarrarão","apoderou-se-de-nós","e-agarrarão","e-agarrou","e-segura","e-segurei","fortaleceu","seguram","segure"]·RU["держат","и-держи","и-держу","и-схватил","и-схватил-","и-схватили","и-схватился","и-схватят","и-схватятся","охватила-нас","пусть-ухватится","схвативший","схватятся","укрепляла"]·ES["El-que-agarra","Y-agarró","Y-asió","asirán","empuñan","empuñarán","fortaleció","nos-apresó","que-se-aferren","y-agarra","y-agarraron","y-agarrarán","y-agarró","y-asirán","y-asió","y-la-agarró","y-se-aferró","y-te-sostengo"]·SW["anayeshika","ashike","mkono","na-akamshika","na-akamshika-kwa-nguvu","na-akashika","na-kamatia","na-nitashika","na-watashika","na-watashikana","saidia","umetushika","wanashika","watashika","za-madhabahu"]·TR["güçlendirdi","tutacaklar","tutan","tutarlar","tuttu-bizi","tutunsun","tutuyorlar","ve-tut","ve-tutacagim","ve-tutacaklar","ve-tuttu","ve-tuttu-","ve-tuttular","ve-tutundu"]·urd["اور-میں-پکڑتا-ہوں","اور-پکڑ","اور-پکڑ-لیا","اور-پکڑا","اور-پکڑا-اُنھوں-نے","اور-پکڑیں-گے","اُس-نے-مضبوط-کیا","پکڑ-لیا-ہم-کو","پکڑنے-والا","پکڑیں-گے","پکڑے"]
Gen 19:16, Gen 21:18, Exod 4:4, Deut 22:25, Deut 25:11, Judg 7:8, Judg 7:20, Judg 19:4, Judg 19:25, Judg 19:29, 1 Sam 15:27, 1 Sam 17:35 (+34 more)
3. Hifil: repair (buildings, as agent noun) — Hifil 'repair buildings' (36x) concentrates in Nehemiah's wall-rebuilding account, where participial forms dominate: 'the repairers of' (Neh 3:4ff). Arabic uses مُرَمِّمِي (murammimī, active participle of رَمَّمَ, 'to repair'—yet another distinct root), Korean 수리하다 (repair), Spanish reparar (repair). The connection to 'strengthen' is metaphorical: making walls firm again. 36×
AR["رَمَّمَ","رَمَّمَهُ"]·ben["মেরামত-করল"]·DE["er-hielt-fest","staerkte"]·EN["repaired"]·FR["fortifier"]·heb["החזיק","החזיקו"]·HI["मरम्मत-की"]·ID["memperbaiki"]·IT["rafforzare"]·jav["ndandosi"]·KO["강화했다"]·PT["repararam","reparou"]·RU["укреплял","укрепляли"]·ES["repararon"]·SW["alikarabati","walikarabati"]·TR["onarım-yaptı","onarım-yaptılar"]·urd["مرمت-کی"]
4. Piel: strengthen, encourage (transitive) — Piel causative/factitive 'strengthen, encourage' (36x) means making someone else strong. 'Strengthen his hands for the work' (Ezra 6:22), God says 'I will strengthen him' (Isa 41:10). Arabic uses قَوَّى (qawwā, Form II causative of q-w-y, 'to strengthen') and شَجَّعَ (shajjaʿa, 'to encourage'), Korean 강하게 하다 (make strong), Spanish fortalecer (fortify). The Piel adds transitive causation to the Qal's intransitive state. 36×
AR["أُقَوِّيهِ","تُقَوِّينَ","شَجِّعْ","شَدِّدُوا","شَدِّي","قَوَّوْا","قَوَّى","قَوِّ","لِـ-أُقَوِّيَ","وَ-رَمَّمَ","وَ-شَدَّدَ","وَ-قَوّى","وَأُقَوِّي","وَحَصَّنَ","وَشَجِّعهُ","وَشَجِّعْهُ","وَقَوَّوا"]·ben["আর-আমি-শক্তিশালী-করব","এবং-শক্তিশালী-কর-তাকে","এবং-শক্তিশালী-করল","ও-শক্তিশালী-করলেন","তোমরা-শক্তিশালী-করেছ","দৃঢ়-করেছেন","শক্ত-করব","শক্তিশালী-কর","শক্তিশালী-করতে","শক্তিশালী-করলেন","শক্তিশালী-করেছিল","শক্তিশালী-করো"]·DE["Krieg-stark","seid-stark","staerken","staerkte","stark-sein","und-encourage-ihn","und-er-strengthened","und-staerken-ihn","und-staerkte","und-stark-sein"]·EN["I-will-strengthen-him","Strengthen","and-I-will-strengthen","and-encourage-him","and-he-strengthened","and-strengthen-him","and-strengthened","he-strengthened","strengthen","strengthened","to-strengthen","you-strengthened"]·FR["et-encourage-lui","et-fortifia","et-fortifier","et-fortifier-lui","et-il-fortifia","fort","fortifia","fortifier","être-fort"]·heb["אחזקנו","ו-החזקתי","ו-חזק-הו","ו-חזקהו","ו-חיזק","ו-חיזקתי","ו-יחזק","ו-יחזקו","חזק","חזקו","חזקי","חיזק","חיזקו","חיזקתם","ל-מחזיק"]·HI["उसने-दृढ़-किया","और-को-बीमार","और-दृढ़-कर","और-मजबूत-कर-उसे","और-मज़बूत-करूंगा-मैं","और-मज़बूत-किया","और-मज़बूत-किया-उन्होंने","और-शक्तिशाली-किया","दृढ़-करो","मजबूत-कर","मजबूत-करूँगा-उसे","मजबूत-किया","मज़बूत-कर","मज़बूत-करनेवाले-के-लिए","मज़बूत-करो","मज़बूत-किया"]·ID["Aku-akan-ikatkan-padanya","Dan-Aku-akan-memperkuat","Dan-Aku-akan-menguatkan","Ia-memperkuat","Kuatkanlah","dan-kuatkanlah-dia","dan-memperkuat","dan-menguatkan","dan-menguatkanlah","kamu-kuatkan,","kuatkanlah","menguatkan","untuk-menguatkan"]·IT["e-egli-fortificò","e-encourage-lui","e-fortificare","e-fortificare-lui","e-rafforzare","e-rafforzò","essere-forte","forte","fortificare","rafforzare","rafforzò","siate-forti"]·jav["Lan-Kawula-badhe-nguataken","Lan-nguataken","Lan-sami-nguataken","Panjenenganipun-ngiyataken","kangge-ngiyataken","kawula-nguataken","kiyatna","kuwatosaken","lan-kuwatna-piyambakipun","lan-kuwatosaken-piyambakipun","lan-nguataken","lan-nyantosakaken","lan-piyambakipun-nguataken","ngiyatna","nguataken","nyengkuyung","panjenengan-kuataken","sami-nguataken"]·KO["강하게-하라","강하게-하리니","강하게-하소서","강하게-하여라","강하게하였다","강하게했다","그가-강하게-하셨다","그리고-강하게-하라-그를","그리고-강하게-할-것이다-내가","그리고-강하게-했다","그리고-강하게했다","그리고-격려하라-그를","그리고-그가-강하게-했다","너희가-강하게-하지","에-강하게-하려고"]·PT["E-fortaleceram","E-fortalecerei","E-fortaleceu","e-fortalece-o","e-fortaleceu","e-fortificou","fortalece","fortalecei","fortaleceram","fortalecestes","fortaleceu","fortalecê-lo-ei","para-fortalecer"]·RU["Укрепите","для-укрепления","и-укрепи-его","и-укрепил","и-укрепили","и-укреплю","опояшу-его","укрепи","укрепил","укрепили","укрепляй","укрепляли"]·ES["Fortaleced","Y-fortaleceré","Y-fortalecieron","Y-fortaleció","fortalece","fortalecieron","fortalecisteis,","fortaleció","lo-ceñiré","para-fortalecer","y-anímalo","y-fortaleció","y-fortalécelo","¡Fortalece"]·SW["Itieni-nguvu","Na-nitaimarisha","ameimarisha","imarisha","kumtia-nguvu","kuwa","na-akaimarisha","na-akamtia-nguvu","na-umtie-moyo","na-wakaimarisha","nitamfunga","umtie-moyo","waimarisha","wakawaimarisha","waliimarisha","waychazeּk"]·TR["Gucendirin","Ve-güçlendirdi","Ve-güçlendirdiler","baglandiracagim","gucerlendirdiler","güçlendir","güçlendirdi","güçlendirdiler","güçlendirdiniz","le-güçlendirmek","ve-güçlendir-onu","ve-güçlendirdi","ve-güçlendireceğim"]·urd["اور-اُسے-مضبوط-کر","اور-تاقتور-کروں-گا-میں","اور-مضبوط-کیا","اُس-نے-مضبوط-کیا","مضبوط-کر","مضبوط-کرو","مضبوط-کیا","مضبوط-کیا-تم-نے","مضبوط-کیے","میں-مضبوط-کروں-گا-اُسے","کو-مضبوط-کرنے"]
Deut 1:38, Deut 3:28, Judg 3:12, Judg 9:24, Judg 16:28, 1 Sam 23:16, 2 Sam 11:25, 2 Sam 11:25, 2 Chr 11:11, 2 Chr 11:17, 2 Chr 29:34, 2 Chr 32:5 (+24 more)
5. Hitpael: strengthen oneself, take courage — Hitpael reflexive 'strengthen oneself, take courage' (28x) marks self-initiated fortification. David 'strengthened himself in the LORD' (1 Sam 30:6), 'the Israelites strengthened themselves for battle' (Judg 20:22). Arabic uses تَشَدَّدَ (tashaddada, Form V reflexive, 'steel oneself') and تَقَوَّى (taqawwā, Form V, 'grow strong'), Korean 스스로 강해지다 (self-strengthen), Spanish fortalecerse (strengthen oneself). The reflexive stem emphasizes self-initiated action. 28×
AR["المُتَشَدِّدُونَ","تَشَجَّعَ","تَشَجَّعُوا","تَشَدَّدَ","تَشَدَّدْتُ","تَقَوَّ","فَتَقَوَّى","فَـ-تَشَدَّدَ","لِ-يَتَشَدَّدَ","لِتَتَقَوَّوا","وَ-تَشَدَّدَ","وَ-تَقَوَّى","وَتَشَدَّدَ","وَتَقَوّى","يَتَقَوَّ"]·ben["-যারা-শক্তিশালী-হলেন","আর-শক্তি-সঞ্চয়-করল","আর-শক্তিশালী-হল","আর-শক্তিশালী-হলেন","আর-সুদৃঢ়-হলেন","এবং-শক্তিশালী-হলেন","ও-শক্তিশালী-হলেন","নিজেকে-শক্তিশালী-কর","শক্তিশালী-করতে","শক্তিশালী-হও","শক্তিশালী-হতে","শক্তিশালী-হলাম","শক্তিশালী-হলেন"]·DE["staerkte","stark-sein","strengthen-dich-selbst","strengthen-euch-selbst","und-es-stärkte-sich","und-stark-sein","und-strengthened-sich-selbst"]·EN["and-became-strong","and-he-strengthened-himself","and-strengthened-himself","he-became-strong","strengthen-yourself","strengthen-yourselves","strengthened-himself","the-ones-strengthening-themselves","to-show-himself-strong","to-strengthen-yourselves","was-strengthened"]·FR["et-fortifia-lui-même","et-fortifier","et-strengthened-lui-même","fortifie-toi-même","fortifie-vous-mêmes","fortifier"]·heb["ה-מתחזקים","החזיק","התחזק","התחזקו","התחזקתי","ו-התחזק","ו-יתחזק","ל-התחזק"]·HI["और-दृढ़-हुआ","और-दृढ़हुआ","और-बलवन्त","और-बलवान-हुआ","और-मज़बूत-हुआ","और-मज़बोओत-हुअ","और-शक्ति-बटोरी","दृढ़-हुआ","दृढ़हुआ","बलवन्त-हुआ","बलवान-करने-के-लिए","बलवान-हुआ","बलवान-होने-के-लिए","मजबूत-होते","मज़बूत-बनो","शक्तिशाली-हो"]·ID["Tetapi-menjadi-kuatlah","dan-dikuatkan","dan-ia-dikuatkan","dan-memperkuat-diri","dan-menguatkan-diri","dan-menguatkanlah-dirinya","dan-menjadi-kuat","dikuatkan","ia-menjadi-kuat","kuatkanlah-dirimu","menguatkan-diri","untuk-menguatkan","untuk-menguatkan-diri","yang-menguatkan-diri"]·IT["e-fortificò-sé-stesso","e-rafforzare","e-rafforzò-se-stesso","fortifica-te-stesso","fortifica-voi-stessi","rafforzare"]·jav["Dipun-kuataken","Lajeng-nguataken","Lan-dados-kiyat","Lan-dados-kuwat","Lan-sami-kiyat","Lan-sami-nguataken","dados-kiyat","dipun-kuataken","ingkang-ngiyataken","kanggé-nguataken","lan-dados-kiyat","lan-nyantosakaken","lan-sami-nguataken","nguataken","sami-kiyat","santosana"]·KO["강하게-하라","강하게되었다","강해져라","강해졌다","강해지기-를","그-강하게-하는-자들","그리고-강하게-했다","그리고-강해졌다","그리고-그-가-강해졌다","그리고-그가-힘을-냈다","그리고-힘을-냈다","에-강해지도록"]·PT["E-fortaleceu-se","e-fortaleceu-se","fortalece-te","fortaleceu-se","fortaleci-me","os-que-se-fortaleciam","para-fortalecer-se","para-fortalecer-vos","se-fortaleceu","¶ Fortalecei-vos"]·RU["и-укрепился","и-усилился","укрепился","укрепись","укрепитесь","укрепляющиеся","усилился","чтобы-укреплять","чтобы-усилиться"]·ES["Fortaleceos","Y-se-fortaleció","fortalécete","los-que-se-fortalecían","me-fortalecí","para-fortalecerse","se-fortaleció","y-se-fortaleció"]·SW["Na-akajiimarisha","akajiimarisha","alijiimarisha","aliwa-hodari","imara","jiimarishe","jipeni-nguvu","kuimarisha","kujiimarisha","na-akaimarika","na-akajiimarisha","nilitiwa-nguvu","waliojiimarisha","wayiּtchazaּk"]·TR["Ve-güçlendi","guclenmiştim","güçlen","güçlendi","güçlendirmek-için","güçlenenler","güçlenin","güçlenmek","ve-güçlendi"]·urd["اور-طاقت-پکڑی","اور-مضبوط-ہوا","تقویت-کرنے-والے","مضبوط-کرنے-کو","مضبوط-ہو","مضبوط-ہو-جاؤ","مضبوط-ہوا","مضبوط-ہونے-کو"]
Gen 48:2, Num 13:20, Judg 20:22, 1 Sam 4:9, 1 Sam 30:6, 2 Sam 3:6, 2 Sam 10:12, 1 Kgs 20:22, 1 Chr 11:10, 1 Chr 19:13, 2 Chr 1:1, 2 Chr 12:13 (+16 more)
7. Piel: repair, restore (buildings/walls) — Piel 'repair, restore buildings' (19x) overlaps with #3 (Hifil repair) but uses Piel stem. Kings 'repaired the temple' (2 Kgs 12:5-8), Josiah 'repaired the house of the LORD' (2 Chr 34:8). Arabic consistently uses رَمَّمَ (rammama, 'to repair, renovate'—a completely distinct root from both قَوَّى 'strengthen' and قَسَّى 'harden'), Korean 수리하다 (repair), Spanish reparar (repair). The Piel may emphasize intensity or plurality of repairs. 19×
AR["تَرْمِيمِ","تُرَمِّمُونَ","فَيُرَمِّمُونَ-","لِتَرْمِيمِ","لِتَقْوِيَةِ","لِيُرَمِّمُوا","وَ-حَصَّنَهَا","وَ-رَمَّمَ","وَ-رَمَّمَهَا","وَ-لِيُرَمِّمُوا","وَحَصَّنَها","وَلِتَقْوِيَةِ","وَلِتُقَوِّيَ","يُرَمِّمُوا","يُرَمِّمُونَ"]·ben["-শক্তিশালী-করতে","আর-মেরামত-করল","আর-শক্তিশালী-করতে","এবং-মেরামত-করতেন-","ও-মেরামত-করতে","ও-মেরামত-করলেন-তাদের","ও-শক্তিশালী-করলেন","ও-শক্তিশালী-করলেন-তাদের","মেরামত-করছ","মেরামত-করতে","মেরামত-করবে","মেরামত-করেছিলেন","শক্তিশালী-করতে","সংস্কার-করার-জন্য"]·DE["sie-strengthened","soll-strengthen","stark-sein","strengthen","strengthening","und-sie-strengthen-","und-staerkte","und-stark-sein","zu-repair","zu-strengthen"]·EN["and-fortified-them","and-repaired","and-repaired-them","and-strengthened-them","and-they-strengthen-","and-to-strengthen","shall-strengthen","strengthen","strengthening","they-strengthened","to-repair","to-strengthen"]·FR["devra-fortifie","et-fortifier","et-ils-fortifie-","et-pour-fort","fortifiant","fortifie","fortifier","ils-fortifia","à-fortifie","à-repair"]·heb["ו-חיזקו-","ו-יחזק","ו-יחזקם-ם","ו-ל-חזק","חזק","חיזקו","יחזקו","ל-חזק","ל-חזק ׀","מחזקים"]·HI["और-उन्हें-मज़बूत-किया।","और-दृढ़-किया-उनको","और-मजबूत-करने","और-मजबूत-किया-","और-मज़बूत-करने","और-मज़बूत-करने-के-लिए","और-मज़बूत-किया-उन्हें","और-मरम्मत-की","दृढ़-करने-को","मजबूत-करते","मजबूत-करने-को","मजबूत-करें","मजबूत-किया","मज़बूत-करने-के-लिए","ल-मज़बूत-करना","लमजबूत-करने-को"]·ID["-memperbaiki","akan-memperbaiki","dan-memperbaiki","dan-memperkuat","dan-memperkuatnya","dan-menguatkan","dan-mereka-memperbaiki-","dan-untuk-memperkuat","dan-untuk-menguatkan","memperbaiki","untuk-memperbaiki","untuk-memperkuat"]·IT["a-fortifica","a-repair","dovrà-fortifica","e-essi-fortifica-","e-fortificare","e-rafforzare","essi-fortificò","fortifica","rafforzare","strengthening"]·jav["Lan-ndandosi","kangge-ndandosi","kanggé-ndandosi","kanggé-ngiyataken","kanggé-ngiyataken-","kanggé-nguwalaken","lan-badhé-nguataken","lan-kanggé-nguataken","lan-ndandosi-piyambakipun","lan-nguataken","lan-nguataken-punika","lan-piyambakipun-sami-ndandosi","lan-sami-ngiyataken-piyambakipun","ndandosi","piyambakipun-sami-ndandosi"]·KO["고치게-하라","고치기-위해","고치지","그리고-강하게-하였다","그리고-강하게-했다","그리고-강화했다","그리고-강화했다-그것들을","그리고-고쳤다","그리고-고쳤다-그것들을","그리고-에-강하게-하다","그리고-을-고치려고","에-강하게-하기로","에-강하게-하다","에게-수리하다","을-고치려고"]·PT["e-consertou-as","e-fortalecer","e-fortificou-os","e-os-fortaleceu","e-para-fortalecer","e-para-restaurar","e-repararam","e-reparou","para-fortalecer","para-reparar","reparando","reparar","repararam","repararão"]·RU["для-укрепления","и-укрепил","и-укрепил-их","и-укрепили-","и-укреплять","и-укрепляя","пусть-укрепят","укрепили","укрепить","укрепляете","укреплять","чинить","чтобы-укрепить"]·ES["Y-repararon","para-fortalecer","para-reparar","reparando","reparar","repararon","repararán","y-las-fortaleció","y-las-fortificó","y-las-reparó","y-para-fortalecer","y-repararán"]·SW["kuiimarisha","kuimarisha","kurekebisha","kutengeneza","lchazeּk","na-akaiimarisha.","na-akaimarisha","na-akaziimarisha","na-alikarabati","na-kuimarisha","na-wakatengeneza-","watatengeneza","wּlchazeּk"]·TR["-onarmak-için","güçlendirmek-için","onaracaklar","onardılar","onarmak","onarmak-için","onarıyorlar","onu","ve-güçlendirdi","ve-güçlendirdi-onları","ve-güçlendirmek","ve-onardı-onları","ve-onardılar","ve-onarmak-için","ve-onarım-yaptı"]·urd["اور-مرمت-کی","اور-مرمت-کی-","اور-مضبوط-کرنا","اور-مضبوط-کرنے-کو","اور-مضبوط-کیا-اُنہیں","مرمت","مرمت-کر-رہے","مرمت-کرنے-کو","مرمت-کریں","مرمت-کی","مضبوط-کرنے","مضبوط-کرنے-کو","مضبوط-کرنے-کے-لیے","کے-لیے-مضبوط-کرنے"]
2 Kgs 12:5, 2 Kgs 12:6, 2 Kgs 12:7, 2 Kgs 12:8, 2 Kgs 12:12, 2 Kgs 12:14, 2 Kgs 22:5, 2 Kgs 22:6, 1 Chr 26:27, 1 Chr 29:12, 2 Chr 11:12, 2 Chr 24:5 (+7 more)
8. Piel: harden (heart, face) — Piel 'harden (heart, face)' (11x) appears especially in Exodus Pharaoh narratives. 'I will harden his heart' (Exod 4:21, 9:12, 10:20, 10:27, 11:10, 14:4, 14:8, 14:17). Arabic uses قَسَّى (qassā, 'make hard/callous' from root q-s-w), categorically different from قَوَّى ('strengthen'), Korean 완고하게 하다 (make stubborn), Spanish endurecer (harden). Hebrew's metaphor connects firmness (strength) to obstinacy (hardness). 11×
AR["أُقَسِّي","صَلَّبُوا","فَقَسَّى","قَسَتْ","لِ-يُقَسّيَ","مُقَسٍِّ","وَ-أُقَسِّي","وَ-قَسَّى"]·ben["এবং-আমি-কঠোর-করব","এবং-কঠিন-করলেন","এবং-কঠোর-করলেন","কঠিন-করব","কঠিন-করা","কঠিন-করেছে","কঠোর-করছি","কঠোর-হয়েছে"]·DE["hardening","ich-wird-verhaerten","seid-stark","staerkte","und-ich-wird-verhaerten","und-staerkte","und-verhaertete","zu-verhaerten"]·EN["Have-been-strong","I-will-harden","and-I-will-harden","and-hardened","and-strengthened","hardening","they-have-made-hard","to-harden"]·FR["Je---endurcir","et-Je---endurcir","et-endurcit","et-strengthened","fortifier","hardening","à-endurcir"]·heb["אחזק","ו-חיזק","ו-חיזקתי","חזקו","חיזקו","ל-חזק","מחזק"]·HI["उन्होंने-कठोर-किया","और-कठोर-करूँगा","और-कठोर-किया","कठोर-कर-रहा-हूँ","कठोर-करना","कठोर-करू̃गा","कठोर-थे"]·ID["Dan-Aku-akan-mengeraskan","Dan-mengeraskan","Dan-mengeraskanlah","Keras","Mereka-mengeraskan","akan-mengeraskan","dan-mengeraskan","untuk-mengeraskan"]·IT["a-harden","e-indurì","e-io-will-indurire","e-rafforzò","fortificare","hardening","io-will-indurire","siate-forti"]·jav["Kula-badhé-ngatos-atosaken","Lan-Kawula-badhe-mangakenaken","Lan-Yéhuwah-mangakenaken","Lan-ngatos-atosaken","kanggé-nekadaken","keras","lan-Yéhuwah-mangakenaken","mangakenaken","piyambakipun-ngeras-aken"]·KO["강하게-하나니","강하게-하리라","굳게-했다","그리고-강하게-하셨다","그리고-내가-강하게-하리라","그리고-완고하게-하셨다","세졌다","에게-강하게-하려고"]·PT["E-endurecerei","E-endureceu","Endureceram","Forçaram-se","e-fortaleceu","endurecendo","endurecerei","para-endurecer"]·RU["И-ожесточил","И-ожесточу","Укрепились","и-укрепил","ожесточающий","ожесточить","ожесточу","укрепили"]·ES["Endurecieron","Se-fortalecieron","Y-endureceré","Y-endureció","Y-fortaleció","endureceré","para-endurecer","y-endureció"]·SW["Na-akaufanya-kuwa-mgumu","Na-nitaufanya-kuwa-mgumu","kuifanya-ngumu","na-akasema","na-akauimarisha","ninaufanya-kuwa-mgumu","nitauimarisha","wamefanya-ngumu","yamekuwa-makali"]·TR["Sertleşti","Ve-güçlendirdi","Ve-güçlendireceğim","Ve-sertleştirdi","güçlendiriyorum","için-katılaştırmak","sertleştireceğim","sertlikleştirdiler","ve-güçlendirdi"]·urd["اور-سخت-کروں-گا-میں","اور-سخت-کیا","سخت-کرتا-ہوں","سخت-کرنا","سخت-کروںگا","سخت-کیے","سخت-ہوے"]
9. Qal: prevail, overpower — Qal 'prevail, overpower' (8x) marks competitive superiority. 'David prevailed over the Philistine' (1 Sam 17:50), 'Amnon overpowered Tamar' (2 Sam 13:14). Arabic shifts to غَلَبَ/تَغَلَّبَ (ghalaba, 'overcome, defeat'—a completely different root gh-l-b), Korean 이기다 (defeat), Spanish prevalecer/forzar (prevail/force). This Qal sense implies contest and victory, not mere strength. 8×
AR["فَقَوِيَ","قَوِيتَ-عَلَيَّ","وَ-تَغَلَّبَ","وَ-غَلَبَ","وَ-يَظْفَرُ","وَتَغَلَّبَ"]·ben["এবং-জয়-করল","এবং-প্রবল-হল","এবং-শক্তিশালী-হল","ও-জয়-করলেন","ও-জয়ী-হবে","ও-জয়ী-হলেন","তুমি-শক্তিশালী-ছিলে-আমার-চেয়ে"]·DE["stark-sein","und-er-overpowered","und-es-prevailed","und-prevailed","und-stark-sein"]·EN["You-overpowered-me","and-he-overpowered","and-it-prevailed","and-prevail","and-prevailed"]·FR["et-cela-prévalut","et-fortifier","et-il-overpowered","et-prévalut","fortifier"]·heb["ו-החזיק","ו-התחזק","ו-חזק","ו-יחזק","חזקתני"]·HI["और-जेएत-गय","और-प्रबल-हुआ","और-बल-किया","और-शक्तिशाली-होगा","बलवान-था-तूने-मुझे"]·ID["Engkau-telah-kuasa-atasku","dan-dia-akan-menang","dan-lebih-kuat","dan-menang","dan-mengalahkan","dan-menguasainya","dan-menguat"]·IT["e-egli-overpowered","e-esso-prevalse","e-fortificare","e-prevalse","e-rafforzare","essere-forte"]·jav["Nanging-dawuhipun","Panjenengan-sampun-ngrebat-kawula","lan-dados-kiyat","lan-langkung-kiyat","lan-menang","lan-ngawon","lan-nguwasani","lan-unggul"]·KO["강하게-하셨다-나를","그리고-강해졌다","그리고-그-가-이겼다","그리고-이겨냈다","그리고-이겼다","그리고-이기리라","그리고-정복했다"]·PT["E-prevaleceu","e-foi-mais-forte","e-prevalecerá","e-prevaleceu","seguraste-me","¶ E-prevaleceu"]·RU["и-одолел","и-пересилил","и-превозмогло","и-укрепился","и-усилится","одолел-Меня"]·ES["Y-prevaleció","me-forzaste","y-fue-más-fuerte","y-prevalecerá","y-prevaleció","y-venció"]·SW["lakini-likashinda","na-akaishinda","na-akashinda","na-akawa-na-nguvu","na-akawashinda","na-atashinda","na-wakashinda","umenishinda"]·TR["Ve-güçlü-oldu","güçlü-oldun-bana","ve-güçlendi","ve-güçlenecek","ve-güçlü-oldu"]·urd["اور-زبردستی-کی","اور-غالب-آئے","اور-غالب-آئے-گا","اور-غالب-آیا","اور-مضبوط-ہوا","زبردست-کیا-مجھے"]
10. Qal: be severe, intensify — Qal 'be severe, intensify' (7x) describes conditions, not persons. 'The famine was severe' (Gen 41:56), 'Pharaoh's heart was hardened' (Exod 7:13). Arabic uses اشْتَدَّ (ishtadda, Form VIII of sh-d-d, 'become intense/severe'), Korean 심하다 (be severe), Spanish endurecer (harden). The stative Qal describes worsening circumstances—famine, plague, battle—reaching critical intensity. 7×
AR["فَتَقَسَّى","وَ-اشْتَدَّ","وَاشْتَدَّ"]·ben["আর-শক্তিশালী-হল","এবং-কঠিন-হল","এবং-তীব্র-হল","ও-কঠিন-হল"]·DE["und-er-ergriff","und-stärker-wurde","und-war-stark"]·EN["and-grew-strong","and-was-severe","and-was-strong"]·FR["et-crût-fort","et-fortifier","et-fut-fort","et-était-fort"]·heb["ו-חזק","ו-יחזק"]·HI["और-कठोर-हो-गया","और-प्रबल-हुआ","और-बढ़-गया","और-बढ़ा"]·ID["Dan-menjadi-keraslah","dan-menghebat","dan-menjadi-hebat","dan-menjadi-keraslah"]·IT["e-afferro","e-crebbe-forte","e-era-forte","e-fu-forte"]·jav["Lan-atos","lan-atos","lan-dados-sanget","lan-kiyat","lan-saya-awrat"]·KO["그리고-강해졌다","그리고-완고해졌다"]·PT["e-endureceu","e-fortaleceu","e-fortaleceu-se"]·RU["И-ожесточилось","и-ожесточилось","и-усилился"]·ES["Y-se-endureció","Y-se-fortaleció","y-prevaleció","y-se-agravó","y-se-endureció","y-se-fortaleció"]·SW["na-ikawa-kali","na-ilikuwa-kali","na-ukawa-mgumu"]·TR["Ve-güçlendi","ve-güçlendi","ve-siddetlendi","ve-şiddetlendi"]·urd["اور-بڑھا","اور-سخت-ہو-گیا","اور-شدید-ہو-گئی","اور-شدید-ہوا"]
11. Piel: fasten, secure (objects) — Piel 'fasten, secure objects' (4x) applies to physical fixtures. 'They fasten the idol so it will not move' (Isa 41:7, Jer 10:4), 'that the peg may not move' (Isa 33:23). Arabic uses ثَبَّتَ (thabbata, 'fix in place, fasten' from root th-b-t), distinct from both رَمَّمَ (repair) and قَوَّى (strengthen), Korean 고정하다 (fasten), Spanish asegurar (secure). The Piel makes objects firm/immovable. 4×
AR["لِتَثْبِيتِ","وَثَبَّتَهُ","يُثَبِّتُونَ","يُثَبِّتُونَهُ"]·ben["এবং-শক্তিশালী-করল-তাকে","তারা-শক্তিশালী-করে","দৃঢ়-করতে","শক্ত-করে-তাদের"]·DE["stark-sein","und-stark-sein","zu-strengthen"]·EN["so-that-not","they-fasten-them","they-hold-firm","to-strengthen"]·FR["et-fortifier","fortifier","à-fortifie"]·heb["ו-יחזקהו","יחזקו","יחזקום","ל-החזיק"]·HI["और-मज़बूत-करता-है-उसे","जकड़ते-हैं-उन्हें","लमजबूत-करने-को","वे-कसेंगे"]·ID["dan-menguatkannya","mereka-dapat-menguatkan","mereka-mengokohkan","untuk-memperkuat"]·IT["a-fortifica","e-essere-forte","essere-forte"]·jav["lan-nguataken-piyambakipun","nyantosakaken","piyambakipun-sami-ngenceng-piyambakipun","sami-nyekel"]·KO["굳게-하려고","굳세게-하지","그들이-고정하니","그리고-굳게-하였느니라-그것을"]·PT["e-firmou-o","firmarão","fixam-nos","para-fortalecer"]·RU["и-укрепил-его","укрепить","укрепляют-их","укрепят"]·ES["asegurarán","lo-afirman","para-fortalecer","y-lo-aseguró"]·SW["imarisha","kuithibitisha","na-akaimarisha","wanauimarisha"]·TR["guclendirirler","güçlendirmek-için","sağlamlaştırırlar","ve-sabitliyorr-onu"]·urd["اور-مضبوط-کیا-اُسے","مضبوط-کرتے-ہیں-اُنہیں","مضبوط-کرنے-کو","مضبوطی-سے-پکڑیں-گے"]
12. Hifil: prevail, be victorious — Hifil 'prevail, be victorious' (2x) adds resultative force beyond Qal #9. 'The snare prevails against him' (Job 18:9), 'those who know their God shall be strong and prevail' (Dan 11:32). Arabic uses يَظْفَرُ (yaẓfaru, 'triumph') and يَتَقَوَّى (yataqawwā, 'grow powerful'), Korean 승리하다 (be victorious), Spanish prevalecer (prevail). The Hifil emphasizes achieving dominance. 2×
AR["يَتَقَوَّوْنَ","يَتَقَوَّى"]·ben["শক্ত-হবে","শক্তিশালী-হবে"]·DE["staerkte","stark-sein"]·EN["prevails","shall-be-strong"]·FR["fortifier"]·heb["יחזיקו","יחזק"]·HI["और-थामेगा","मज़बूत-होंगे"]·ID["akan-menjadi-kuat","menguasai"]·IT["fortificare","rafforzare"]·jav["badhé-dados-kiyat","dipuncepeng"]·KO["강하여지리라","강해지리라"]·PT["o-segurará","se-fortalecerá"]·RU["удержит","укрепится"]·ES["prevalece","se-fortalecerán"]·SW["litamkamata","watakuwa-na-nguvu"]·TR["güçlenecekler","güçlenir"]·urd["مضبوط پکڑے","مضبوط-رہیں-گے"]
13. sense 13 — The Egyptians 'urged the people' to leave quickly (Exod 12:33, 1x). Spanish apremiar (press, urge), Korean 재촉하다 (urge), French urgent (urged). The single occurrence in the exodus narrative suggests pressing/compelling action. The connection to 'strengthen' may be intensifying pressure, though some lexicons question the root assignment. 1×
AR["وَ-ضَغَطَتْ"]·ben["এবং-জোর-করল"]·DE["und-urged"]·EN["and-urged"]·FR["et-urged"]·heb["ו-חזקה"]·HI["और-ज़ोर-दिया"]·ID["dan-mendesak"]·IT["e-urged"]·jav["Lan-tiyang-Mesir-ngegla-ngegla"]·KO["그리고-재촉했다"]·PT["e-urgiu"]·RU["И-усиливали"]·ES["Y-apremiaba"]·SW["Na-wakasisitiza"]·TR["Ve-zorladı"]·urd["اور-زور-دیا"]
14. sense 14 — Hezekiah 'had recovered from his illness' (Isa 39:1, 1x). Spanish fortalecer (strengthen), Korean 회복하다 (recover), French fortifier (strengthen). The single occurrence describes regaining strength after sickness. The Qal perfect suggests completed recovery to a state of firmness/health. 1×
AR["وَتَقَوَّى"]·ben["এবং-সুস্থ-হল"]·DE["und-er-ergriff"]·EN["and-had-recovered"]·FR["et-fortifier"]·heb["ו-יתחזק"]·ID["dan-ia-pulih"]·IT["e-afferro"]·jav["lan-kuwat"]·KO["그리고-강하여졌다"]·PT["e-fortaleceu-se"]·RU["и-выздоровел"]·ES["y-se-había-fortalecido"]·SW["na-akapona"]·TR["ve-iyilesmisti"]·urd["اور-صحت-یاب-ہوا"]
15. sense 15 — Tiglath-Pileser 'strengthened him' (2 Chr 28:20, 1x, ironically troubled rather than helped). Spanish fortalecer (strengthen), Korean 강하게 하다 (strengthen), French fortifier (strengthen). Context shows intended strengthening that backfired. Unique historical reference with ironic outcome. 1×
AR["يُقَوِّهِ"]·ben["শক্তিশালী-করলেন"]·DE["stark-sein"]·EN["he-strengthened-him"]·FR["fortifier"]·heb["חזקו-ו"]·HI["दृढ़-किया-उसे"]·ID["menguatkannya"]·IT["rafforzare"]·jav["ngiyataken-piyambakipun"]·KO["그-를-강하게-함"]·PT["fortaleceu-o"]·RU["укрепил-его"]·ES["lo-fortaleció"]·SW["imarisha"]·TR["güçlendirdi"]·urd["مضبوط-کیا-اُسے"]
16. sense 16 — Widow 'urged' Elisha to stay (2 Kgs 4:8, 1x). Spanish insistir (insist), Korean 재촉하다 (urge), French urgent (urged). Similar to #13 (Exod 12:33), the widow presses/compels the prophet to accept hospitality. The sense connects to applying firm pressure or persistent invitation. 1×
AR["فَأَلَحَّتْ-"]·ben["এবং-ধরল"]·DE["und-sie-urged"]·EN["and-she-urged"]·FR["et-elle-urged"]·heb["ו-החזיקה"]·HI["और-ज़ोर-दिया"]·ID["dan-ia-mendesak"]·IT["e-ella-insistette"]·jav["lan-meksa-piyambakipun"]·KO["그리고-붙잡았다"]·PT["e-constrangeu"]·RU["и-уговаривала-"]·ES["Y-lo-insistió"]·SW["na-akamsisitiza-"]·TR["ve-zorladi-"]·urd["اور-اصرار-کیا"]
17. sense 17 — 'You shall strengthen the stranger and sojourner' (Lev 25:35, 1x). Spanish sostener (sustain), Korean 돕다 (help), French fortifier (strengthen). Command to support/sustain the vulnerable. The Hifil causative means causing the weak to become firm/stable, overlapping with #4 (Piel strengthen) but in Hifil stem. 1×
AR["وَتُعِينُهُ"]·ben["এবং-সাহায্য-করবে"]·DE["und-du-soll-staerken"]·EN["and-you-shall-strengthen"]·FR["et-tu-devra-fortifier"]·heb["ו-החזקת"]·HI["और-संभालेगा"]·ID["orang-asing"]·IT["e-tu-dovra-fortificare"]·jav["mila-sami-kukuhaken"]·KO["그리고-너는-붙잡을지니라"]·PT["e-fortalecerás"]·RU["и-поддержи"]·ES["y-lo-sostendrás"]·SW["na-utamsaidia"]·TR["ve-destekleyeceksin"]·urd["اور-سہارا-دے"]
18. sense 18 — Absalom's head 'caught fast in the oak' (2 Sam 18:9, 1x). Spanish atorar (get stuck), Korean 걸리다 (catch), French attraper (catch). Unique occurrence describing entanglement. The connection to 'firm' is being held fast/stuck, unable to move—an involuntary seizing. 1×
AR["وَ-عَلِقَ"]·ben["এবং-আটকে-গেল"]·DE["und-caught"]·EN["and-caught"]·FR["et-attrapa"]·heb["ו-יחזק"]·HI["और-फँसा"]·ID["dan-tersangkut"]·IT["e-caught"]·jav["lan-nyandhak"]·KO["그리고-걸렸다"]·PT["e-prendeu-se"]·RU["и-зацепилась"]·ES["y-se-atoró"]·SW["na-likakamatika"]·TR["ve-takıldı"]·urd["اور-پھنس-گیا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
חָזַק291 vb. be or grow firm, strong, strengthen (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܙܰܩ, חֲזַק bind on or about, gird on, cf. Arabic حَزَقَ bind, squeeze)— †Qal Pf. ח׳ Gn 41:57 + 4 times; חָזָק֑ 2 Ch 26:15; sf. חֲזָקוֹ 2 Ch 28:20, etc.; Impf. יֶחֱזַק 2 Ch 28:7 (Baer) + 2 times; וַיֶּחֱזַק Gn 41:56 +; יֶחֶזְקוּ 2 S 10:11 + 2 times; יֶחְזְקוּ Is 28:22; Imv. חֲזַק Dt 12:23 +; חִזְקוּ Dt 31:6 +; Inf. cstr. לְחָזְקָה…