דָּחָה H1760a
To push, thrust, drive away by force; (Nifal ptc.) outcast, banished one; (passive) be toppled, thrust down.
A verb of forceful physical impact -- pushing, shoving, driving someone off their feet. In Psalm 118:13, the psalmist cries 'You pushed me hard so that I was falling,' using the infinitive absolute for emphasis. The Nifal participle becomes a poignant noun: the 'outcasts' of Israel whom God promises to gather (Isa 11:12; 56:8; Ps 147:2). In its passive forms, the verb describes being toppled or overthrown -- the wicked 'thrust down' in their calamity (Prov 14:32), or a tottering wall about to collapse (Ps 62:4). Arabic daha ('to throw, propel') preserves the root's kinetic energy, while Korean 'chochyeonan ja' (the expelled one) captures the exilic overtone of the Nifal participle.
Senses
1. Qal: push, thrust, drive away — Active pushing, thrusting, or driving away a person by physical force. Psalm 118:13 uses the doubled infinitive absolute for violent shoving ('you pushed me hard, to make me fall'), and Psalm 140:5 describes schemes 'to push aside my feet.' Arabic daha ('to throw, propel') and Spanish empujar both preserve the raw kinetic force of this sense. 4×
AR["دَفعًا","دَفَعتَني","لِـ-يُزِيحُوا","يَطْرُدُهُم"]·ben["তাড়িয়ে-দিক","তুমি-ধাক্কা-দিয়েছ","ধাক্কা-দিয়ে","হোঁচট-খাওয়াতে"]·DE["driving-weg","du-pushed-mich","pushing","zu-push-aside"]·EN["driving-away","pushing","to-push-aside","you-pushed-me"]·FR["[דוחה]","[דחה]","[דחיתני]","[לדחות]"]·heb["דוחה","דחוה","דחיתני","ל-דחות"]·HI["गिराने","धकेलते","धकेला-मुझे","धकेले"]·ID["engkau-mendorong-aku","sangat","untuk-menjatuhkan"]·IT["spinse"]·jav["Sundhul","ingkang-nyundhang","kanggo-nyorongaken","kula-dipunsundhul"]·KO["밀어내게","밀쳤도다-나-를","밀침-을-당하여","쓰러뜨리려고"]·PT["Empurrar","fazer-tropecar","me-empurraste","os-empurrando"]·RU["Сильно-","гонящий","сбить-с-ног-","толкнул-ты-меня"]·ES["Empujando","empujándoles","me-empujaste","para-hacer-tropezar"]·SW["akiwasukuma","kuangusha","kusukuma","ulinisukuma"]·TR["iten","iterek","ittin-beni","kaydırmak-için"]·urd["دھکیلا-گیا","دھکیلا-گیا-مجھے","دھکیلتا-ہوا","گرانے-کو"]
2. Nifal: outcast, banished one — Nifal participle used as a substantive: an outcast or banished person, one who has been driven into exile. Isaiah 11:12 and 56:8 promise that God will gather 'the outcasts of Israel,' and Psalm 147:2 celebrates the same ingathering. Spanish desterrados ('exiled ones') and Korean 쫓겨난 자 ('expelled ones') both highlight the settled state of displacement rather than the act of pushing. 3×
AR["مَطْرُودِي","مَنْفِيِي-","مَنْفِيِّي"]·ben["তাড়িতদের","বিতাড়িতদের","বিতাড়িতদেরকে"]·DE["[נדחי]","outcasts-of"]·EN["outcasts-of"]·FR["[נדחי]"]·heb["נדחי","נידחי"]·HI["तितर-बितरोंको","निकाले-हुओं-","निकाले-हुओं-को"]·ID["orang-buangan","orang-orang-buangan"]·IT["[נדחי]","spinse"]·jav["Tiyang-ingkang-kabucal","ingkang-katundhung","tiyang-kabucal"]·KO["쫓겨난-자들을","촛겨난-자들을","흙어진-자들을-"]·PT["dispersos-de","os-dispersos"]·RU["изгнанников","рассеянных"]·ES["a-los-desterrados-de","a-los-dispersos-de","dispersos-de"]·SW["waliofukuzwa","waliofukuzwa-wa-","waliotawanyika-wa"]·TR["daginiklarini-","surulmuslerini","sürülmüşlerini-"]·urd["نکالے-ہوئوں","نکالے-ہوئوں-کو"]
3. Nifal/Pual: be thrust down, be toppled — Passive forms indicating being forcefully knocked down, overthrown, or made to totter. The wicked are 'thrust down' in their calamity (Prov 14:32), evildoers fall and 'are thrust down' unable to rise (Ps 36:12), and a leaning wall is likened to something about to be 'toppled' (Ps 62:4). Arabic yutrahu ('he is thrown down') and Spanish derribados ('knocked down') confirm the downward trajectory. 3×
AR["طُرِحوا","مَدفوعٍ","يُطْرَحُ"]·ben["ঠেলা-দেওয়া।","ঠেলে-দেওয়া-হয়েছে","তাড়িত-হয়"]·DE["[ידחה]","sie-sind-thrust-hinab","tottering"]·EN["is-thrust-down","they-are-thrust-down","tottering"]·FR["[דחו]","[הדחויה]","ידחה"]·heb["דחו","ה-דחויה","יידחה"]·HI["गिरती-हुई","ढकेले-गए","धकेला-जाएगा"]·ID["dijatuhkan","yang-terdorong"]·IT["spinse","è-thrust-giù"]·jav["dipun-dorong","dipun-sundhang","ingkang-roboh"]·KO["내쪼기다","밀린","밀침-을-당하였도다"]·PT["empurrado","foram-derrubados","é-derrubado"]·RU["низвержены","опрокидывается","подтолкнутая"]·ES["es-derribado","fueron-derribados","la-empujada"]·SW["anasukumwa-chini","unaoyumba","wamesukumwa"]·TR["itildiler","itilir","sarsılmış"]·urd["دھکیلا-جائے-گا","گرائے-گئے","ہَ-گِری"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
דָּחָה vb. push, thrust (NH id. Aramaic דְּחִי, דְּחָא, ܕܚܳܐ; cf. also Arabic دَحَا spread, extend, also throw, propel)— Qal Pf. 2 ms. sf. דְּחִיתַנִי ψ 118:13; Inf. cstr. לִדְחוֹת ψ 140:5; abs. דָּחֹה ψ 118:13; Pt. act. דֹּחֶה ψ 35:5 (read דֹּחָם 𝔊 De Che); pass. f. הַדְּחוּיָה ψ 62:4;—push, דָּחֹה דָחָה push violently fig. c. acc. ψ 118:13 sq. cl. of purpose לִנְפֹּל, cf. לִדְחוֹת פעמי ψ 140:5…