H1715 H1715
grain, cereal crop — especially wheat and barley as agricultural produce, frequently paired with new wine
Dagan is a masculine noun for grain or cereal crops, appearing 40 times and consistently referring to cultivated produce — wheat, barley, and similar crops — rather than any specific variety. Its most characteristic usage is in the formulaic triad dagan, tirosh, veyitshar ('grain, new wine, and oil'), which recurs across Deuteronomy (7:13; 11:14; 12:17; 14:23; 18:4; 28:51), the prophets (Hos 2:8-9, 22; Joel 1:10; 2:19), and Nehemiah (5:11; 10:39; 13:5, 12). This triad represents the complete agricultural bounty of the land — the staff of life, the fruit of the vine, and the produce of the olive. Isaac's blessing gives Jacob 'the dew of heaven and the fatness of the earth, and abundance of grain and new wine' (Gen 27:28). The uniform translations across languages — English 'grain,' Spanish 'grano,' French 'ble,' German 'Getreide/Korn' — confirm a single semantic profile throughout.
Senses
1. grain, cereal crop — Cultivated cereal produce (especially wheat and barley) as a category of agricultural wealth and divine blessing. Characteristically appears in the triad dagan-tirosh-yitshar ('grain, new wine, oil') representing the full bounty of the Promised Land (Deut 7:13; 11:14; 28:51; Hos 2:8-9; Joel 2:19). Isaac's blessing invokes dagan as a mark of divine favor (Gen 27:28, 37). Prophets use its withdrawal as a sign of judgment (Hos 2:9; Joel 1:10; Hag 1:11) and its restoration as a sign of redemption (Jer 31:12; Zech 9:17). The Phoenician cognate in the expression 'land of grain' (erets dagan) points to deep Canaanite agricultural vocabulary. All six translation languages render it with a single equivalent throughout, confirming semantic unity. 40×
AR["ال-حِنْطَةِ", "الحِنطَةَ", "الحِنطَةِ", "القَمْحَ", "القَمْحُ", "الْحِنْطَةِ", "حِنطَةٍ", "حِنْطَةً", "حِنْطَةٌ", "حِنْطَةٍ", "قَمْحًا"]·ben["-শস্যের", "শস্য", "শস্য-সেই-", "শস্যকে-সেই-", "শস্যের", "শস্যের-জন্য-"]·DE["Getreide", "Korn", "[דגן]", "an-Korn", "das-Korn", "grain"]·EN["grain", "the-grain"]·FR["[דגן]", "blé", "der-blé", "grain"]·heb["דגן", "ה-דָּגָן", "ה-דגן"]·HI["अनाज", "अनाज-का", "अनाज।", "अन्न", "अन्न-की"]·ID["Gandum", "gandum", "gandum,", "gandum-itu", "gandum."]·IT["[דגן]", "grain", "grano", "il-grano"]·jav["gandum", "kang-gandum", "sami-kempalan"]·KO["곡식-과", "곡식-을", "곡식-이", "곡식과", "곡식을", "곡식의", "곡식이", "그-곡식-을", "그-곡식과", "그-곡식의"]·PT["cereal", "grão", "o-cereal", "o-grão", "o-trigo", "trigo"]·RU["зерна", "зерно", "зерну", "хлеб", "хлеба", "хлебу"]·ES["el-grano", "está-el-grano", "grano", "trigo"]·SW["nafaka", "ngano", "wa-nafaka", "ya-nafaka"]·TR["Tahıl", "buğdayın", "tahıl", "tahıla", "tahıla-", "tahılı", "tahılın"]·urd["اناج", "غلّہ", "غلّے-پر", "غلہ", "غلہ-کی"]
Gen 27:28, Gen 27:37, Num 18:12, Num 18:27, Deut 7:13, Deut 11:14, Deut 12:17, Deut 14:23, Deut 18:4, Deut 28:51, Deut 33:28, 2 Kgs 18:32 (+28 more)
Related Senses
H3754 1. vineyard, cultivated grape plot (92×)H0730 1. cedar tree or wood (73×)H1612 1. vine, grapevine (55×)H3293a 1. forest, wood, thicket (55×)H5560 1. fine flour (53×)H5193 1. plant vegetation (48×)H2232 1. sow seed, plant crops (41×)H7114b 1. reap, harvest grain (36×)H2132 1. olive tree (34×)H8184 1. barley (34×)H2406 1. wheat (grain crop) (30×)H7070 1. reed, cane (plant) (30×)H7848 1. acacia (28×)H8328 1. root of a plant (28×)H8384 1. fig tree (25×)H5488 1. reeds, rushes (in 'Sea of Reeds') (24×)G0290 1. a vineyard (23×)G2325 1. reap, harvest a crop (21×)G4687 1. sow seed, plant (21×)G0837 1. grow, increase (intransitive) (20×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† דָּגָן n.m. corn, grain (of cereals) (NH id., Sam. ࠃࠂࠍ v. Thes.; cf. Ph. ארצת דגן)—דָּגָן Gn 27:28 + 29 times; cstr. דְּגַן ψ 78:24; sf. דְּגָנִי Ho 2:11, דְּגָֽנְךָ Dt 7:13; 12:17; 14:23; 18:4, דְּגָנֶ֑ךָ Dt 11:14, דְּגָנֵךְ Is 62:8, דְּגָנָם ψ 4:8; 65:10—corn, c. תִּירוֹשׁ must, q.v., Gn 27:28, 37 (both J) ψ 4:8 Is 62:8 Ho 2:11; 7:14; 9:1 Zc 9:17; cf. also Nu 18:27 (P; here, for תירושׁ,…