H0818 H0818
guilty, bearing guilt that requires atonement or restitution; liable for offense
An adjective describing the state of being guilty and therefore obligated to make restitution or offer sacrifice. Joseph's brothers confess they are guilty concerning Joseph (Genesis 42:21). David's parable makes a point about guilt (2 Samuel 14:13). Those who married foreign wives in Ezra's time are described as guilty, requiring a guilt offering. The term carries both moral culpability and ritual obligation—guilt that must be addressed through proper channels.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The condition of guilt requiring atonement. Joseph's brothers declare 'we are guilty (ashemin) concerning our brother' (Genesis 42:21), acknowledging their offense. In David's reign, a case is presented about bearing guilt (2 Samuel 14:13). The returned exiles who had married foreign women are 'guilty' and must offer a ram as a guilt offering (Ezra 10:19), showing the ritual dimension of the term. 3×
AR["كَمُذنِبٍ", "مُذْنِبُونَ", "وَ-مُذْنِبِينَ"]·ben["আর-দোষী", "দোষী", "দোষীর-মতো"]·DE["[ואשמים]", "ist-wie-guilty", "schuldig"]·EN["and-being-guilty", "guilty", "is-as-guilty"]·FR["[ואשמים]", "coupable", "est-comme-guilty"]·heb["אשמים ׀", "ו-אשמים", "כ-אשם"]·HI["और-दोषी-होने-के-कारण", "दोषी", "दोषी-जैसे"]·ID["bersalah", "dan-karena-bersalah", "seperti-bersalah"]·IT["[ואשמים]", "guilty", "è-come-guilty"]·jav["kados-ingkang-lepat", "kalepatan", "lan-tiyang-kang-lepat"]·KO["그리고-죄있는", "죄-있는-자같이", "죄있다"]·PT["como-culpado", "culpados", "e-culpados"]·RU["виновны", "и-виновные", "как-виновный"]·ES["como-culpable", "culpables", "y-siendo-culpables"]·SW["hatusiwi", "kama-mwenye-hatia", "na-wenye-hatia"]·TR["suçlu", "suçlu-gibi", "ve-suclu"]·urd["اور-مجرم", "قصوروار", "مجرم-جیسا"]
Related Senses
H3548 1. priest, cultic officiant (750×)G5547 1. Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (540×)H5030 1. Prophet, divine spokesperson (317×)H5930a 1. burnt offering (sacrifice) (286×)H3881 1. Levites (priestly class) (283×)G4396 1. prophet, spokesperson of God (146×)H6944 1. sanctuary, holy place (129×)G0749 1. high priest, chief priest (123×)H6944 2. holiness, sacredness (abstract quality) (123×)G5330 1. Pharisee (99×)G4336 1. pray to God (86×)H6944 3. holy things, sacred offerings (plural) (86×)H3722a 1. make ritual atonement (Piel) (85×)H6912 1. bury (Qal active) (82×)H6419 1. pray (Hitpael) (80×)H6944 4. holiness (with possessive pronoun) (77×)H6942 1. sanctify, consecrate (Piel factitive) (76×)H2930a 1. Qal: be/become unclean (75×)H7819a 1. slaughter an animal (Qal active) (72×)H1486 1. lot (object cast for decisions) (71×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† אָשֵׁם adj. guilty, א׳ abs. 2 S 14:13; pl. אֲשֵׁמִים עַל־אָחִינוּ Gn 42:21 (E); guilty, and so bound to offer a trespass-offering Ezr 10:19; but read prob. וַאֲשָׁמָם, so KueChronol. v. h. Perzishce Tijdvak, 1890, 43.