אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא H0783a
Artaxerxes — Persian royal name; the Achaemenid king(s) under whom Ezra and Nehemiah served
The name אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא (Artachshasta), rendered 'Artaxerxes' following the Greek form, identifies one or possibly two Persian monarchs who authorized Jewish restoration projects. Artaxerxes I Longimanus (465-424 BCE) is most commonly identified: he commissioned Ezra's mission to restore Torah observance (Ezra 7:1, 7, 11-12) and granted Nehemiah leave to rebuild Jerusalem's walls (Neh 2:1; 5:14; 13:6). The name also appears in the correspondence of Ezra 4:7-23, where opponents appeal to the king to halt rebuilding. Spanish 'Artajerjes' and French 'Artaxerxès' both derive from the Greek intermediary rather than the Aramaic original.
Senses
1. Artaxerxes (Persian king, form I) — The Persian royal name Artaxerxes, referring primarily to Artaxerxes I Longimanus (465-424 BCE), the Achaemenid emperor who authorized both Ezra's priestly-scribal mission to Jerusalem (Ezra 7:1, 7, 11-12, 21) and Nehemiah's governorship and wall-building project (Neh 2:1; 5:14; 13:6). Also appears in the adversarial correspondence of Ezra 4:7-8, 11, 23, where provincial officials persuade the king to suspend Jewish construction. Spanish 'Artajerjes,' English 'Artaxerxes,' and German 'Artaxerxes' all derive from the Greek Ἀρταξέρξης rather than the Semitic form. 10×
AR["أَرْتَحْشَسْتا", "أَرْتَحْشَسْتَا", "لِ-أَرْتَحْشَسْتا", "لِأَرْتَحْشَسْتَا", "لِـ-أَرْتَحْشَسْتَا"]·ben["-অর্তক্ষর্ক্ষেসের", "-অর্তখশস্তের", "অর্তক্ষস্ত", "অর্তক্ষস্তের", "অর্তহশস্তা", "অর্তহশস্তার"]·DE["Artahsasta", "[(ארתחששת)]", "[[ארתחששתא]]", "[ארתחששתא]", "zu-Artahsasta"]·EN["Artachshashta", "Artachshasta", "[ketiv]", "of-Artachshasta", "of-Artaxerxes"]·FR["Artaxerxès", "zu-Artaxerxès"]·heb["(ארתחששת)", "[ארתחששתא]", "ארתחשסתא", "ארתחששתא", "ל-ארתחשסתא"]·HI["अर्तक्षत्र", "अर्तक्षत्र-के", "अर्तक्षस्त", "अर्तक्षस्त-के", "अर्तक्षस्त-ने", "अर्तक्षस्ता-के"]·ID["Artahsasta", "[kere]", "bagi-Artahsasta"]·IT["Artaserse", "a-Artaserse"]·jav["Artahsasta", "Persia", "dhateng-Artahsasta", "lan-seratan"]·KO["(아르다셔스다)", "[아르다셔스다]", "아닥사스다-의", "아닥사스다의", "아르다셔스다", "에-아닥사스다", "에게-아닥사스다", "의-아르다셔스다"]·PT["(Artachshasta)", "Artachshashta", "Artachshasta", "[Artachshasta]", "de-Artachshashta", "de-Artahshasta"]·RU["[кетив]", "Артахшасты", "Артахшашта", "Артахшаште", "Артахшашты"]·ES["(Artajerjes)", "Artajerjes", "Artaĥshashta", "Artaḥshashta", "[Artajerjes]", "de-Artajerjes", "de-Artaĥshashta"]·SW["Artashasta", "[Artashasta]", "wa-Artashasta"]·TR["Artahsasta", "Artahsastanin", "Artahsastaya", "Artahşasta'nın", "K"]·urd["(ارتخشستا)", "[ارتخشستا]", "ارتحشستا-کے", "ارتخشستا", "ارتخشستا-کے", "اَرتَخشَستا", "لے-ارتخشستا", "کے-لیے-ارتخشستا"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)G1063 1. (1047×)G3778 1. this thing, these things (1003×)H???? 2. (1002×)G2424 1. (924×)G3754 1. that (content clause) (881×)H2009 1. presentative particle: behold, look (881×)H0589 1. I (first person singular pronoun) (874×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא n.pr.m. Artaxerxes (Pers. Artakhshatrâ, SpiegAPK 68, 207 𝔊 Ἀρταξερξης, cf. BeRy on Ezr 4:23; 7:1 f. Ne 1:1) א׳ Ezr 4:7 v. BD 102; אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא Ezr 4:7, 23, אַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא Ezr 7:1, 11; 8:1 Ne 2:1; 5:14; 13:6; Artaxerxes I, or Longimanus, son & successor of Xerxes, regined b.c. 465–424.