H0639 H0639
Nariz, rostro; por metonimia ira o furor; en la expresión idiomática אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם, 'tardo para la ira'.
Pocas palabras hebreas ilustran la transición del cuerpo a la emoción tan vívidamente como אַף. Comienza con la nariz física — el órgano por el cual Dios sopla vida en Adán (Gn 2:7) y por el cual sale el viento ardiente de la furia divina (Éx 15:8). De las narices dilatadas, la palabra se desliza hacia 'ira', su sentido más frecuente, apareciendo en la frase חֲרוֹן אַף ('ardor de ira') más de cuarenta veces. La forma dual אַפַּיִם puede significar 'rostro' o funcionar en la gran autodescripción divina אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם — 'tardo para la ira', literalmente 'largo de narices', revelada en Sinaí (Éx 34:6) y repetida en Salmos, Profetas y Sabiduría.
Sentidos
1. ira, furor (general) — El sentido metafórico dominante: ira, furor, cólera, con 210 de 276 ocurrencias. La imagen de narices dilatadas y aliento ardiente está completamente abstraída en la mayoría de contextos. La frase חֲרוֹן אַף ('ardor de ira') aparece predominantemente referida a la ira divina (Éx 32:12; Nm 25:4), aunque la ira humana también se registra (Gn 30:2; 49:6). 0×
AR["أَنْفُ-", "غَضَبُ", "غَضَبُ-", "غَضَبِ-"]·ben["ক্রোধ", "ক্রোধ-", "ক্রোধের-", "রাগ"]·DE["Zorn-von", "Zorn-von-", "der-Zorn", "der-Zorn-von"]·EN["anger-of", "anger-of-", "the-anger-of"]·FR["colère-de", "colère-de-", "le-colère-de"]·heb["אף", "אף-"]·HI["क्रोध", "क्रोध-", "क्रोध-की", "गुस्स"]·ID["kemarahan", "murka", "murka-"]·IT["il-ira-di", "ira-di", "ira-di-"]·jav["bebendu", "bebendu-", "bebendun", "bebendunipun", "duka"]·KO["그-노여움-이", "노여움이", "분노가", "진노(접)", "진노가", "진노가-", "코(접)-", "코-가", "코-의", "코가", "콧", "콧-의"]·PT["ira-de", "ira-de-"]·RU["гнев", "гнев-", "гнева-"]·ES["ira-de", "ira-de-", "la-ira-de", "nariz-de"]·SW["hasira", "hasira-ya"]·TR["burun", "öfkesi", "öfkesi-", "öfkesinin", "öfkesinin-"]·urd["غصہ", "غصہ-", "غضب", "غضب-"]
1. ira divina, furor — La ira de Dios expresada mediante אַף, predominantemente en la frase חֲרוֹן אַף ('ardor de ira'). Aparece de forma abrumadora en contextos de juicio divino (Éx 32:12; Nm 25:4; Dt 29:24). La imagen subyacente es de narices dilatadas y aliento en ráfagas ardientes, aunque el origen anatómico queda completamente abstraído en la mayoría de los contextos. 169×
AR["أَنْفُ-", "غَضَبُ", "غَضَبُ-", "غَضَبِ-"]·ben["ক্রোধ", "ক্রোধ-", "ক্রোধের-", "রাগ"]·DE["-der-Zorn-von", "Zorn-von", "Zorn-von-", "der-Zorn-von"]·EN["-the-anger-of", "anger-of", "anger-of-", "the-anger-of"]·FR["-le-colère-de", "colère-de", "colère-de-", "le-colère-de"]·heb["אף", "אף-"]·HI["क्रोध", "क्रोध-", "क्रोध-की", "गुस्स"]·ID["kemarahan", "murka", "murka-"]·IT["-il-ira-di", "il-ira-di", "ira-di", "ira-di-"]·jav["bebendu", "bebendu-", "bebendunipun", "duka"]·KO["그-노여움-이", "분노가", "진노(접)", "진노가", "진노가-", "코(접)-", "코-가", "코-의", "코가", "코가-", "콧", "콧-의"]·PT["ira-de", "ira-de-"]·RU["гнев", "гнев-", "гнева-"]·ES["ira-de", "ira-de-", "la-ira-de", "nariz-de"]·SW["hasira", "hasira-", "hasira-ya"]·TR["burun", "öfkesi", "öfkesi-", "öfkesinin", "öfkesinin-"]·urd["غصہ", "غصہ-", "غضب", "غضب-"]
2. nariz, narices — El sentido anatómico literal: nariz, narices u hocico, con 30 ocurrencias que preservan la referencia corporal original. Dios sopla en las narices de Adán (Gn 2:7), el aliento de vida está en las narices de toda carne (Gn 7:22) y Rebeca recibe un anillo en su nariz (Gn 24:47). El dual אַפַּיִם a veces especifica las dos fosas nasales explícitamente. 30×
AR["أَنْفٍ", "أَنْفَكِ", "أَنْفَهُ؟", "أَنْفُكِ", "أَنْفِكَ", "أَنْفِكِ", "أَنْفِهِ", "بِ-أَنْفِي", "فِي-أَنفِهِ", "فِي-أَنْفِكَ", "فِي-أَنْفِهِ", "فِي-أَنْفِي", "مِنْ-أَنْفِكُمْ"]·ben["-তার-নাকে", "আপনার-নাকের", "আমার-নাকে", "আমার-নাসায়।", "তাঁর-নাকে", "তাদের-নাকে", "তার-নাক", "তার-নাকের", "তার-নাসিকায়", "তোমাদের-নাক-থেকে", "তোমার-নাক", "তোমার-নাকে", "তোমার-নাকের", "তোমার-নাসিকার", "নাক-তোমার", "নাকের"]·DE["Dein-nostrils", "Zorn", "auch", "dein-nostrils", "in-His-nostrils", "in-dein-Nase", "in-dein-nose", "in-seine-Nase", "in-seiner-Nase", "sein-nose", "von-dein-nostrils"]·EN["Your-nostrils", "from-your-nostrils", "he", "his-nose", "in-His-nostrils", "in-My-nostrils", "in-his-nose", "in-his-nostrils", "in-my-nostrils", "in-your-nose", "into-nostrils-his", "its-nose", "nose-your", "the-nose", "your-nose", "your-nostrils"]·FR["Ton-narines", "colère", "dans-Son-nostrils", "dans-narines-son", "dans-son-narines", "dans-son-nez-lui", "dans-ton-nez", "dans-ton-nose", "de-ton-nez", "de-ton-nostrils", "narine", "nez", "ton-nez"]·heb["אף", "אפו", "אפיך", "אפך", "ב-אף-ו", "ב-אפ-ו", "ב-אפו", "ב-אפי", "ב-אפך", "מ-אפכם"]·HI["अपनी-नाक-में", "उसकी-नाक", "उसकी-नाक-में", "उसकी-नाक-में-है", "उसकी-नाक-से", "उस्की-नाक-मेइन", "तुम्हारी-नाकों-से", "तेरी-नाक", "तेरी-नाक-की", "तेरी-नाक-में", "नाक-का", "नाक-तेरी", "नाक-मेरी-में", "में-उसकी-नाक", "में-नाक-तेरे", "मेरे-नथुनों-में"]·ID["-hidungmu,", "Hidungmu", "dalam-hidung-Ku", "dari-hidung-Nya", "dari-hidungmu", "di-hidung-Ku", "di-hidung-Mu", "di-hidungmu", "di-hidungnya", "hidung", "hidung-Mu", "hidungmu", "hidungnya", "ke-dalam-hidungnya", "napasmu"]·IT["Tuo-nostrils", "da-tuo-nostrils", "in-His-nostrils", "in-ira-suo", "in-nostrils-suo", "in-suo-nostrils", "in-tuo-naso", "in-tuo-nose", "ira", "ira-tua", "nella-mia-ira"]·jav["grana", "grana-panjenengan", "gràna-panjenengan", "grànà-Panjenengan", "grànà-ipun", "ing-grana-Kawula", "ing-grana-Kula", "ing-grana-panjenengan", "ing-grananipun", "ing-irung-Panjenengané", "ing-irung-panjenengan", "irung-panjenengan", "irungipun?", "panglanging-irung-Panjenengan", "saking-grana-panjenengan-sedaya", "saking-granganipun", "wonten-ing-grananipun", "wonten-ing-irungipun"]·KO["그-켧구멍-에", "그것-의-콧-에", "너희의-콧-에서", "네-코-가", "네-코-의", "네-코를", "네-코와", "네-콧구멍에", "에-그의-콧구멍", "에-나의-콧에서", "에-너의-코에", "주의-콧김의", "코-니의-에", "코-의", "코를", "콧-나의-안에서", "콧-의", "콧을"]·PT["de-Seu-nariz", "de-narizes-vossos", "de-tuas-narinas", "do-seu-rosto", "em-nariz-meu", "em-nariz-seu", "em-nariz-teu", "em-seu-nariz?", "nariz", "nariz?", "nas-narinas-dele", "nas-suas-narinas", "nas-tuas-narinas", "no-nariz-teu", "teu-nariz", "tuas-narinas"]·RU["в-гневе-Моём", "в-ноздри-его", "в-ноздри-твои", "в-ноздрях-Его", "в-ноздрях-Моих", "в-ноздрях-его", "в-нос-его", "в-нос-твой", "в-носу-его", "в-ярости", "из-ноздрей-ваших", "ноздрей-Твоих", "нос", "нос-твой", "носа", "носа-своего", "носа-твоего", "перед-носом-Твоим"]·ES["de-vuestras-narices", "en-mi-nariz", "en-mi-nariz.", "en-su-nariz", "en-sus-narices", "en-tu-nariz", "está-en-su-nariz", "nariz", "nariz-de-ti", "su-nariz", "tu-nariz"]·SW["hasira-yako", "katika-pua-yake", "mbele-yako", "pua", "pua-yako", "puani-mwake", "puani-mwako", "puani-mwangu", "puani-mwenu", "uso-wake", "ya-pua-yako"]·TR["-burnuna", "-den-burunlarınızdan", "burnumda", "burnun", "burnuna", "burnunda", "burnunu", "burnunun", "burun-deliklerinde", "öfkemde"]·urd["اس-کے-نثنے-میں", "اُس-کی-ناک", "اُس-کی-ناک-سے", "اُس-کی-ناک-میں", "اپنی-ناک-کے", "تمہاری-ناکوں-سے", "تیری-ناک", "تیری-ناک-میں", "تیری-ناک-کی", "تیری-ناک-کے", "غصے-میرے-میں", "میری-ناک-میں", "میں-ناک-تیری", "میں-نتھنوں-اُس-کے", "ناک-تیری", "ناک-میں-اُس-کی", "ناک-کو", "نتھنوں-تیری"]
Gen 2:7, Gen 7:22, Gen 24:47, Exod 15:8, Num 11:20, Deut 33:10, 2 Sam 22:9, 2 Sam 22:16, 2 Kgs 19:28, Job 27:3, Job 40:24, Job 41:2 (+18 más)
2. ira humana, enojo — La ira o el enojo atribuidos a seres humanos. Génesis 30:2 registra que 'se encendió la ira de Jacob'; Gn 49:6 maldice la ira de Simeón y Leví. Aunque la metáfora de base es la misma que para la ira divina, el sujeto humano distingue este sentido, y las traducciones multilingües mantienen uniformemente vocabulario de ira: español 'ira', árabe غَضَب. 41×
AR["أَنْفُهُ", "غَضَباً", "غَضَبٍ", "غَضَبَهُ", "غَضَبُ", "غَضَبُهُ", "غَضَبِ"]·ben["ক্রোধ", "ক্রোধে", "ক্রোধের", "তাঁর-ক্রোধ", "তাঁর-রাগ", "তার-ক্রোধ", "রাগ"]·DE["Zorn", "Zorn-von", "anger-of", "auch", "der-Zorn", "sein-Zorn"]·EN["anger", "anger-of", "his-anger", "the-anger-of"]·FR["aussi", "colère", "colère-de", "nez", "son-colère", "son-nez-lui"]·heb["אף", "אפו", "אפוֹ"]·HI["उसका-क्रोध", "क्रोध", "क्रोध-अपना", "क्रोध-उसका", "क्रोध-में", "क्रोध-से"]·ID["amarah", "amarahnya", "kemarahan", "kemarahannya", "marah", "marahnya", "murka", "murkaNya", "murkanya"]·IT["anche", "ira", "ira-di", "ira-suo", "suo-ira"]·jav["bebendu", "bebendu-nipun", "bebendun", "bendunipun", "duka", "duka-ipun", "dukanipun", "nesu"]·KO["그의-성냄가", "그의-코가", "노가", "노여움-을-그-의", "노여움이", "분노", "분노가", "분노로", "분노의", "성냄가", "진노-그의-가", "진노-를-그-의", "진노를", "코-가", "코가"]·PT["a-ira-de", "ira", "ira-de", "ira-de-", "ira-sua", "ira;", "sua-ira"]·RU["гнев", "гнев-", "гнев-Свой", "гнев-его", "гнева"]·ES["ira", "ira-de", "ira-de-", "la-ira-de", "su-ira"]·SW["hasira", "hasira-ya", "hasira-yake", "kali"]·TR["öfke", "öfkenin", "öfkesi", "öfkesini", "öfkesinin"]·urd["اس کا غصہ", "اُس-کا-غصہ", "شدت-میں", "غصّہ-اُس-کا۔", "غصہ", "غصہ-اُس-کا", "غصہ-میں", "غصے", "غضب", "غضب-اپنا"]
Gen 27:45, Gen 30:2, Gen 39:19, Gen 44:18, Gen 49:6, Gen 49:7, Exod 11:8, Exod 32:19, Exod 32:22, Num 24:10, Judg 9:30, Judg 14:19 (+29 más)
3. rostro, semblante — La forma dual אַפַּיִם usada para 'rostro' o 'semblante', con 21 ocurrencias concentradas en fórmulas de postración (נפל על אַפַּיִם, 'cayó sobre su rostro'). La dualidad se extiende de las narices al rostro completo. Domina en gestos de reverencia: Abraham ante los hititas (Gn 23:7), los hermanos de José ante él (Gn 42:6), Balaam ante el ángel (Nm 22:31). 21×
AR["بِ-وَجْهِهِ", "بِ-وُجوهٍ", "بِـ-الْوُجُوهِ", "بِوَجْهِهَا", "بِوَجْهِهِ", "بِوُجُوهِهِمْ", "عَلى-وَجهِ", "عَلى-وَجهِها", "عَلى-وَجهِهِ", "عَلَى-وَجْهِهِ", "لِ-وَجْهِهِ", "وَجهِها-", "وَجهِهِ-", "وَجْهِكَ", "وَجْهِهِ", "وُجُوهًا"]·ben["তাঁর-মুখ", "তাঁর-মুখের-উপর", "তার-মুখের-উপর", "তার-মুখের-কাছে", "তোমার-মুখ", "মুখ", "মুখ-তার", "মুখে"]·DE["Angesicht", "Zorn", "auf-Angesicht", "auf-Angesicht-sein", "auf-Angesicht-von", "auf-sein-Angesicht", "deines-Angesichts", "ihr-Angesicht", "mit-dem-Angesicht", "mit-seinem-Angesicht", "sein-Angesicht"]·EN["face", "face-your", "faces", "her-face", "his-face", "on-face-his", "on-face-of", "on-his-face", "to-face-his"]·FR["colère", "face", "face-ton", "faces", "sa-face", "son-face", "sur-face-de", "sur-face-son", "sur-son-face", "à-face-son"]·heb["אף", "אף-ך", "אפי-ה", "אפי-ו", "אפיו", "אפיים", "אפים", "ל-אף-ו", "ל-אפי", "ל-אפי-ו", "ל-אפיו"]·HI["अपना-मुंह", "अपने-मुँह", "अपने-मुंह", "अपने-मुंह-पर", "अपने-मुख-के", "अपने-मुनह-पर", "मुँह", "मुँह-के-बल", "मुँह-पर", "मुंह", "मुंह-के-बल", "मुख", "मुख-के-बल", "मुनह"]·ID["dengan-muka", "dengan-wajah", "dengan-wajahnya", "di-atas-mukanya", "mukamu", "pada-wajahnya", "wajah", "wajahnya"]·IT["a-volto-suo", "ira", "lei-volto", "su-suo-faccia", "su-volto-di", "su-volto-suo", "suo-volto", "volti", "volto", "volto-tuo"]·jav["Kalayan-pasuryan-ing-bumi", "dhateng-pasuryanipun", "dhateng-rai", "pasuryan", "pasuryan-nipun", "pasuryan-panjenengan", "pasuryanipun", "paséryan", "rai", "wonten-ing-pasuryanipun"]·KO["그-의-콧들-에", "그녀의-얼굴", "그의-얼굴", "그의-얼굴로", "그의-얼굴을", "너의-얼굴", "얼굴", "얼굴들-을", "얼굴들로", "얼굴들을", "얼굴로", "얼굴로-", "얼굴을", "얼굴이", "에-그의-켧", "에-앞에"]·PT["com-sua-face", "do-teu-rosto", "face", "faces", "rosto", "rosto-dela", "rosto-dele", "seu-rosto", "sobre-face-de", "sobre-seu-rosto", "sobre-sua-face", "sua-face"]·RU["-лицо-своё", "лица-твоего", "лицами", "лицо-своё", "лицом", "лицом-своим", "на-лицо-своё", "перед-лицом"]·ES["a-su-rostro", "ante-rostro-de", "rostro", "rostro-de-ella", "rostro-de-él", "rostros", "sobre-rostro-de-él", "sobre-rostro-suyo", "su-rostro", "tu-rostro"]·SW["kifudifudi", "kwa-uso-wake", "nyuso-zao", "uso", "uso-chini", "uso-wake", "uso-wako", "yeye"]·TR["-yüzünün-üzerine", "yuzleri-ustune", "yüzdü", "yüzle", "yüzleri", "yüzleriyle", "yüzlerle", "yüzü", "yüzü-üzerine", "yüzünün", "yüzüstü"]·urd["اپنے-منہ", "اپنے-منہ-پر", "منہ", "منہ-اپنے-کے-بل", "منہ-پر", "منہ-کے-بل", "چہرے", "چہرے-اپنے", "چہرے-اپنے-کے"]
Gen 3:19, Gen 19:1, Gen 42:6, Gen 48:12, Num 22:31, 1 Sam 20:41, 1 Sam 24:8, 1 Sam 25:23, 1 Sam 25:41, 1 Sam 28:14, 2 Sam 14:4, 2 Sam 14:33 (+9 más)
4. tardo para la ira — La expresión idiomática fija אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם — 'tardo para la ira', literalmente 'largo de narices' — con 14 ocurrencias en contextos litúrgicos que describen un atributo divino. Proclamada en Sinaí en la autorrevelación de Dios (Éx 34:6), repetida en Cades (Nm 14:18), en Nehemías (9:17) y a lo largo del Salterio (86:15; 103:8; 145:8). 14×
AR["أنْفٍ", "ال-أَنَاةِ", "الأَناة", "الأَناةِ", "الرُّوحِ", "الغَضَبِ", "الْأَنَاةِ", "الْأَنَافِ"]·ben["ক্রোধে", "ক্রোধের", "মেজাজের", "সহিষ্ণুতায়"]·DE["Zorn", "zu-Zorn"]·EN["anger", "patience", "temper", "to-anger"]·FR["colère", "narine", "nez"]·heb["אַפַּיִם", "אף", "אפיים", "אפים"]·HI["क्रोध-करने-में", "क्रोध-के-लिए", "क्रोध-में", "क्रोध-वाला", "धैर्य-की"]·ID["daripada-pahlawan", "marah", "panjang", "sabar"]·IT["ira"]·jav["bebendu", "bebenduning", "bebendunipun,", "duka", "dukanipun", "murka", "sabar"]·KO["노여움-에", "노하기에", "노하시기-에", "노하시기에", "노하시며", "노함-으로", "보다-용사", "진노-에", "코-의", "코의"]·PT["de-narizes", "em-ira", "em-irar-Se", "ira", "iras", "narinas", "para-a-ira"]·RU["гнев", "гневом", "и-многомилостивый", "к-гневу", "лица", "нравом"]·ES["de-iras", "ira", "iras", "narices", "naríz"]·SW["-hasira", "hasira", "na-wingi", "subira", "wa-hasira", "wa-muda-mrefu"]·TR["olan", "sabırlı", "uzun", "öfkelenen", "öfkeli", "öfkeye"]·urd["غصّے-میں", "غصے-میں", "غضب", "غضب-میں", "غضب-کا", "لمبے", "کرنے-والا"]
Exod 34:6, Num 14:18, Neh 9:17, Ps 86:15, Ps 103:8, Ps 145:8, Prov 14:17, Prov 14:29, Prov 15:18, Prov 16:32, Prov 25:15, Joel 2:13 (+2 más)
5. doble (porción) — Una única ocurrencia disputada en 1 S 1:5 donde אַפַּיִם parece significar 'doble' (una porción doble). La evidencia multilingüe — inglés 'double', español 'doble', francés 'double' — traduce una cantidad y no nariz, rostro o ira. Algunos estudiosos reinterpretan esto como una raíz diferente, pero la lectura del TM se mantiene como hapax en sentido distributivo. 1×
AR["مُضَاعَفَةً"]·ben["দ্বিগুণ"]·DE["double"]·EN["double"]·FR["double"]·heb["אפיים"]·HI["दोहरा"]·ID["ganda"]·IT["double"]·jav["tikel-kalih"]·KO["두배의"]·PT["dupla"]·RU["двойную"]·ES["doble"]·SW["mara-mbili"]·TR["çift"]·urd["دوگنا"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H3605 1. all, every, whole (5352×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H0259 1. one (cardinal numeral) (940×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)H8147 1. cardinal number two (666×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
I. אַף277 n.m. Gn 30:2 nostril, nose, face, anger (Assyrian appu, face Floodiii. 27, 29 cf. Hpt KAT2Gloss, Arabic أَنْفٌ, Ethiopic አንፍ nose; Aramaic ܐܰܦܶܐ, אַנְפִּין face)—abs. ψ 78:21 +; cstr. Gn 27:45 +; sf. אַפִּי Ex 22:23 +, etc.; du. אַפַּיִם Pr 14:17 +; אַפָּיו Gn 2:7 + etc.;—In Hex JE (Jos 7:1 P? 23:16 D?). 1. nostril, as organ of breathing Gn 2:7; 7:22; Jb 27:3 cf. Nu 11:20; 2 S 22:9 = ψ…