H0479 H0479
These, those — an Aramaic demonstrative pronoun (plural) used in Daniel and Ezra
An Aramaic demonstrative pronoun meaning 'these' or 'those,' the plural form of dēk ('that'). It appears exclusively in the Aramaic portions of the Hebrew Bible — Daniel and Ezra — where it functions as a standard plural demonstrative modifying nouns. The characteristic phrase guvrāyyā' illēk ('these men') recurs throughout Daniel 3 in the story of the fiery furnace (vv. 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 27), and again in Daniel 6 regarding the conspirators against Daniel. In Ezra, it modifies matters of administrative concern: 'this house' and 'these elders' (Ezra 4:21; 5:9; 6:8). The Old Syriac cognate hālōk and the Arabic 'ulā'ika confirm its deep Semitic pedigree as a distal plural demonstrative.
Senses
1. sense 1 — An Aramaic plural demonstrative pronoun meaning 'these' or 'those,' modifying nouns in the Aramaic sections of Daniel and Ezra. Its most frequent collocation is guvrāyyā' illēk ('these men') in the furnace narrative of Daniel 3 (vv. 12, 13, 21-23, 27) and the lion's den account of Daniel 6 (vv. 6, 12, 16, 25). In Ezra it accompanies administrative nouns in Persian-period decrees (Ezra 4:21; 5:9; 6:8). English renders 'these/those,' Spanish 'estos,' German 'diese,' all reflecting the same demonstrative function. All 14 occurrences share this single grammatical sense without variation. 14×
AR["أُولَئِكَ", "أُولٰئِكَ", "هَؤُلاَءِ"]·ben["এই", "সেই"]·DE["diese"]·EN["these", "those"]·FR["Eliézer", "[אלך]"]·heb["אלה", "אלך", "ה-אלה"]·HI["इन", "वे"]·ID["ini", "itu"]·IT["quelli", "questi"]·jav["punika"]·KO["이들", "이들-을", "이들-이"]·PT["aqueles", "esses", "estes"]·RU["эти", "этим", "этих"]·ES["estos"]·SW["hao", "hawa"]·TR["bu", "bunlar", "bunlara"]·urd["ان", "اُن", "یہ"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)G1063 1. (1047×)G3778 1. this thing, these things (1003×)H???? 2. (1002×)G2424 1. (924×)G3754 1. that (content clause) (881×)H2009 1. presentative particle: behold, look (881×)H0589 1. I (first person singular pronoun) (874×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† אִלֵּךְ demonstr.pron.pl. these (pl. of דֵּךְ, q.v.: Egyptian Aramaic אלך (Cooke 207 RÉS361 B S-CPap. E 6 +): with hâ prefixed, OSyr. ܗܠܘܟ, f. ܗܠܝܟ, Nö§ 67, M § 82 Burkitt Evang. da-Mepharreshe ii. 42, Chr-Pal. ܗܠܝܟ (m. and f.) SchwIdiot. 24; cf.Arabic أُولَاكَ, Ethiopic እልኩ Di Lex. 1057: the demonst. affix ך as in דֵּךְ, ذَاك, etc.; WCG 110);—these, גֻּבְרַיָּא אִלֵּךְ these men, Dn 3:12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 27; 6:6, 12, 16, 25 Ezr 4:21; 6:8b; also Ezr 5:9; 6:8a.