Demonstrative Pronouns

αὐτός (Cretan dialect ἀϝτός Refs (also αὐτόνRefs, reflexive pronoun, self:—in oblique cases used for the personal pronoun, him, her, it:—with Article, ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό (also ταὐτόν), etc., the very one, the same. __I self, myself, thyself, etc., accusative to the person of the Verb: frequently joined with ἐγώ, σύ, etc. (see. below 10), __I.1 one's true self, the soul, not the body, Refs 8th c.BC+; reversely, body, not soul, Refs 8th c.BC+; oneself, as opposed to others who are less prominent, as king to subject, Refs; man to wife and children, Refs 8th c.BC+; warrior to horses, Refs 8th c.BC+, or to weapons, Refs; shepherd to herd, Refs 8th c.BC+; seamen to ships, Refs: generally, whole to parts,Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, the Master, as in the Refs 4th c.BC+ Latin Ipse dixit; so τίς οὗτος..;— Αὐτός, i.e. Socrates, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀναβόησον ΑὐτόνRefsthe Master, Refs 5th c.BC+ the result will show, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially αὐτὸ δείξειRefs 5th c.BC+; of things, the very, ὑπὸ λόφον αὐτόν, i.e. just, exactly under.., Refs 8th c.BC+; πρὸς αὐταῖς ταῖς θύραις close by the door, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὸ τὸ δέον the very thing needed, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὸ τὸ περίορθρον the point of dawn, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὰ τὰ ἐναντία the very opposite, Refs 5th c.BC+; even, οὔ μοι μέλει ἄλγος οὔτ᾽ αὐτῆς ἙκάβηςRefs 8th c.BC+ —In these senses αὐτός in Prose either precedes both the _Article_ and substantive, or follows both, e.g. αὐτὸς ὁ υἱός or ὁ υἱὸς αὐτός. The Article is sometimes omitted with proper names, or Nouns denoting individuals, αὐτὸς ΜένωνRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 of oneself, of one's own accord, ἀλλά τις αὐ. ἴτωRefs 8th c.BC+; also, in person, τῶν πραγμάτων ὑμῖν.. αὐτοῖς ἀντιληπτέονRefs 4th c.BC+ __I.3 by oneself or itself, alone, αὐτός περ ἐών although alone, Refs 8th c.BC+; αὐτὸς ἐγείναο παῖδ᾽, i.e. without a mother,Refs 8th c.BC+by himself, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν we are by ourselves, i.e. among friends, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὰ γὰρ ἔστιν ταῦτα these and no others, Refs 5th c.BC+ himself alone, Refs 8th c.BC+; αὐτὸς μόνος, see at {μόνος} II; αὐτὸς καθ᾽ αὑτόν, see at {ἑαυτοῦ}. __I.4 in Philosophy, by or in itself, of an abstract concept or idea, δίκαιον αὐτόRefs 5th c.BC+ is frequently in this sense, attached to Nouns of all genders, οὐκ αὐτὸ δικαιοσύνην ἐπαινοῦντες ἀλλὰ τὰς ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς εὐδοκιμήσειςRefs 5th c.BC+; more fully, εἰ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πατέρα ἠρώτων, ἆρα ὁ πατήρ ἐστι πατήρ τινος, ἢ ο; Refs; ἀδελφός, αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὅπερ ἔστιν the ideal, abstract brother, Refs 4th c.BC+; less frequently agreeing with the substantive, ἵνα αὐτὴ δικαιοσύνη πρὸς ἀδικίαν αὐτὴν κριθείηRefs 5th c.BC+its very self, Refs __I.5 in dative with substantive, in one, together, ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σὺν φόρμιγγι he sprang up lyre in hand, Refs 8th c.BC+; αὐτῇ σὺν πήληκι κάρη helmet and all,Refs 8th c.BC+ men and all, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτοῖσι συμμάχοισι allies and all, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.6 added to ordinal Numbers, e.g. πέμπτος αὐτός himself the fifth, i. e. himself with four others, NT+5th c.BC+ __I.7 frequently coupled with οὗτος, τοῦτ᾽ αὐτό ἐστι τὸ ζητηθένRefs 5th c.BC+; ταῦτα ἥκω αὐτὰ ἵνα.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.8 καὶ αὐτός himself too, Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.9 repeated in apodosi for emphasis, αὐτὸς ἐπαγγειλάμενος σώσειν.. αὐτὸς ἀπώλεσενRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.10 in connexion with the person. pronoun, ἐγὼν αὐτόςRefs 8th c.BC+; followed by an enclitic pronoun, αὐτόν μινRefs 8th c.BC+ __I.10.b with person. pronoun omitted, αὐτός.. ἧσθαι λιλαίομαι, for ἐγὼ αὐτός, Refs 8th c.BC+; αὐτὸν ἐλέησον, for ἐμὲ αὐτόν,Refs 8th c.BC+ is simply a strengthened form of ο; and so in Attic dialect, when σὲ αὐτόν, ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ, etc., are read divisim, they are emphatic, not reflexive; in this case αὐτός generally precedes the person. pronoun,Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.10.c with the reflexive ἑαυτοῦ, αὑτοῦ, etc., to add force and definiteness, αὐτὸς καθ᾽ αὑτοῦRefs 4th c.BC+; αὐτοὶ ὑφ᾽ αὑτῶνRefs 5th c.BC+; sometimes between the Article and reflexive pronoun, τοῖς αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ πήμασιν βαρύνεταιRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.10.d αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶν with possessive pronoun, πατρὸς κλέος ἠδ᾽ ἐμὸν αὐτοῦRefs 8th c.BC+; τοῖς οἷσιν αὐτοῦRefs 8th c.BC+ __I.10.e αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ with comparative and superlative adjective, αὐτὸς ἑωυτοῦ ῥέει πολλῷ ὑποδεέστεροςRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.11 αὐτός for ὁ αὐτός, the same, Refs 8th c.BC+, and in later Prose, αὐταῖς ταῖς ἡμέραιςNT+2nd c.AD+ __I.12 comparative αὐτότεροςRefs 5th c.BC+: superlative αὐτότατος his very self, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb, comparative αὐτοτέρωςRefs 2nd c.AD+ __II he, she, it, for the simple pronoun of 3 person, only in oblique cases (except in later Gk., NT, and rarely first in a sentence, NT+5th c.BC+: rare in Epic dialect, Refs 8th c.BC+, and mostly emphatic,Refs 8th c.BC+; so in Trag., Refs 5th c.BC+: in Prose, to recall a Noun used earlier in the sentence, ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν βασιλέα.. οὐκ οἶδα ὅ τι δεῖ αὐτὸν ὀμόσαιRefs 5th c.BC+; after a Relative, ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται.. ἔκλυον αὐτοῦRefs 8th c.BC+; especially where a second Verb requires a change of case in the pronoun, οἳ ἂν ἐξελεγχθῶσι.. ὡς προδότας αὐτοὺς ὄντας τιμωρηθῆναιRefs 5th c.BC+; later, pleonastically after a Relative, ὧν ὁ μὲν αὐτῶνNT+5th c.BC+ __III with Article ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό, and Attic dialect contraction αὑτός, αὑτή, ταὐτό and ταὐτόν (as required by the metre,Refs 5th c.BC+ plural neuter ταὐτ; Ionic dialect ὡυτός, τὠυτό:—the very one, the same, rare in Refs 8th c.BC+: with dative, to denote sameness or agreement, especially in Prose, τὠυτὸ ἂν ὑμῖν ἐπρήσσομενRefs 5th c.BC+; ὁ αὐτὸς τῷ λίθῳ the same as the stone, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ταὐτῷ εἶναί τινι to be in the place with.., Refs 5th c.BC+; προσίεσθαί τινα ἐς ταὐτὸ ἑαυτῷ to have a person meet one,Refs 5th c.BC+face to face, Refs 4th c.AD+ __III.2 in later Greek, the said, the above-named, Ἡρώδης ὁ αὐ.Refs 3rd c.BC+ __IV Adverbial phrases: __IV.1 αὐτὸ μόνον simply, merely, Refs 1st c.AD+ __IV.2 αὐτό as adverb, ={ἄρτι}, Refs __IV.3 αὐτὸ τοῦτο as adverb, NT+2nd c.BC+ __IV.4 with Preps., ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό added together, making a total, Refs 2nd c.AD+; κατὰ τὸ αὐτό together, at the same time,NT, etc.; but κατ᾽ αὐτό just then, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V In Compos.: __V.1 of or by oneself, self-.., as in αὐτοδίδακτος, αὐτογνώμων, αὐτόματος: and so, independently, as in αὐτοκράτωρ, αὐτόνομος. __V.2 hence, as a second self, very.., bodily, as with proper names, Αὐτοθαΐς. __V.3 in the abstract, the ideal, see aboveRefs __V.4 precisely, as in αὐτόδεκα. __V.5 rarely with reflexive sense of ἀλλήλων, as in αὐτοκτονέω. __V.6 in one piece with, together with, as in αὐτόκωπος, αὐτοχείλης, αὐτόπρεμνος, αὐτόρριζος. __V.7 by itself: hence, only, as in αὐτόξυλος, αὐτόποκος.—For αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶς, etc., see the respective Arts.

הוּא m. הִיא f. (pl. m. הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם; fem. הֵ֫נָּה, הֵן [the latter only with prefixes]; see these words), pron. of the 3rd ps. sing., he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter, it, Lat. is, ea, id. (The א is not orthographic merely, but radical, being written on Moab. and Ph. inscriptions, though dropped in some of the later dialects. [In Heb. only Je 29:23 Kt, and in the prn. אֱלִיהוּ.] Moab. (MI 6.27) and Ph. (often) הא; Aramaic of Zinjirli הא, once הו (DHMInschr. von Sendschirli 55); 𝔗 הוּא, הִיא, Syriac ܗܽܘ, ܗܺܝ Arabic هُوَ, هِىَ (for hūʾa, hīʾa, WSG 104); Ethiopic ውእቱ, ይእቲ weʾĕtū, yeʾĕtī; perhaps also Assyrian šû, šî, himself, herself, suff. s̆u, ši, cf. demonstr. šuatu, šiati (v. KraetzschmarBAS i. 383 & reff., WSG 98, 105 Dl§ 55 b, 57). In the Pent., הוא is of common gender, the fem. form הִיא occurring only 11 times, viz. Gn 14:2; 20:5; 38:25 (v. Mass here), Lv 11:39; 13:10, 21; 16:31; 20:17; 21:9 Nu 5:13, 14. The punctuators, however, sought to assimilate the usage of the Pent. to that of the rest of the OT, and accordingly wherever הוא was construed as a fem. pointed it הִוא (as a Qrê perpetuum). Outside the Pent. the same Qrê occurs 1 K 17:15 Is 30:33 Jb 31:11a—prob. for the sake of removing gramm. anomalies: five instances of the converse change, viz. of היא to be read as הוּא, occur for a similar reason, 1 K 17:15 (וַתֹּאכַל הוּא־וָהִיא to be read as וַתֹּאכַל הִיא־וָהוּא, on account of the fem. verb) ψ 73:16 Jb 31:11b (כי הוא זמה והיא עָוֹן פלילים to be read as כי היא זמה והוא עון פלילים), Ec 5:8 1 Ch 29:16. The origin of the peculiarity in the Pent. is uncertain. It can hardly be a real archaism: for the fact that Arabic, Aramaic, & Ethiopic have distinct forms for masc. & fem. shews that both must have formed part of the original Semitic stock, and consequently of Hebrew as well, from its earliest existence as an independent language. Nor is the peculiarity confined to the Pent.: in the ms. of the Later Prophets, of a.d. 916, now at S. Petersburg, published in facsimile by Strack (1876), the fem. occurs written הוא (see the passages cited in the Adnotationes Criticae, p. 026). In Ph. both masc. and fem. ar alike written הא (CIS i. 1:9 מלך צדק הא, 1:13 מלאכת הא, 3:19 אדם הא, l:11 ממלכת הא, 93:2; 94:2), though naturally this would be read as hu’ or hi’ as occasion required. Hence, as 𝔊 shews that in the older Heb. MSS. the scriptio plena was not yet generally introduced, it is prob. that originally הא was written for both genders in Hebrew likewise, and that the epicene הוא in the Pent. originated at a comparatively late epoch in the transmission of the text—perhaps in connexion with the assumption, which is partly borne out by facts (cf. DeZKWL 1880, pp. 393–399), that in the older language fem. forms were more sparingly used than subsequently.) In usage הוּא (f. הִיא; pl. הֵ֫מָּה, הֵם, הֵ֫נָּה: v. הֵ֫מָּה" dir="rtl" >הֵ֫מָּה is 1. an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (especially with the art.) that (those): a. Gn 3:15 הוא ישׁופך ראשׁ he (𝔊 αὐτὸς) shall bruise thee as to the head (opp. to the foll. אתה thou), v 20 for she (and no one else) was the mother of all living (so often in causal sentences, where some emph. on the subject is desirable, as Ju 14:3 ψ 24:2; 25:15; 33:9; 91:3; 103:14; 148:5 Jb 5:18; 11:11; 28:24 Je 5:5; 34:7b Ho 6:1; 11:10: Dr 1 S 14, 18), 4:20 Adah bare Jabal הוא היה אבי ישׁב אהלים he (ἐκεῖνος) was the father of tent-dwellers, v 21; 10:8 he began to be a mighty one in the earth, 20:5 (αὐτός), Ju 13:5 Is 32:7; 33:22 2 K 14:7, 22, 25; Ho 10:2 he—the unseen observer of their thoughts and deeds (Che), 13:15b (he, the foe figured by the E. wind). (For its use thus in circ. clauses v. Dr§ 157, 160, 168, 169.) And where the predic. is a subst. or ptcp., Gn 2:11 הוּא הַסֹּבֵב … that is the one which encompasseth etc., v 13, 14 10:12 that is the great city. So in the explanatory notices, Gn 14:3 הוּא יָם הַמֶּלַח that is the salt sea, v 8 הוּא־צֹעַר that is Zoar, 36:1 + often b. pointing back to the subj. and contrasting it with something else: Gn 4:4 הבל גם־הוא Abel, he also … v 26; 10:21; 20:5 וְהִיא־גַם־הִוא and she, herself also said, Ex 1:10 + often c. appended alone to a verb (more rarely, but always with intentional emphasis), Ex 4:14 I know כי דבר ידבר הוא that he can speak, v 16 1 S 22:18 ויפגע הוא בכהנים and he (though none else would do it) smote the priests, 23:22 for one hath told me, עָרֹם יַעְרִם הוּא He can deal subtilly, Ez 12:12 (peculiarly), cf. Dr§ 160 n.: very rarely indeed to a noun Nu 18:23 הַלֵּוִי הוּא, Is 7:14 י׳ הוא, Est 9:1 (הֵמָּה) being probably all the exx. in the OT d. Gn 13:1 and Abram came up out of Egypt, הוּא וְאִשְׁתּוֹ himself and his wife, and all that he had, 14:15 הוּא וַעֲבָדָיו he and his servants, 19:30; so very often e. prefixed to a noun (very rare, and mostly late), Ex 12:42b Ez 3:8 & 33:8 הוּא רָשָׁע: to pr. names Ex 6:27 הוא משׁה ואהרן, 1 Ch 26:26 that Shelomoth, 27:6 2 Ch 28:22; 32:12 (diff. from 2 K 18:22), v 30; 33:23 Ezr 7:6: cf. הֵם Ne 10:38 (comp. in Syriac ܗܽܘ, Nö§ 227): cf. ψ 87:5 1 S 20:29. 2. It resumes the subj. with emph.: a. when the predic. is a verb (especially if it be separated from its subject by an intervening clause), Gn 15:4 but one that shall come forth out of thine own bowels, הוּא יִירָשֶׁ֑ךָ he shall be thy heir, 3:12 the woman whom thou gavest to be with me, הוא נתנה לי she gave to me, 24:7; 44:17 etc. Ju 7:4 2 S 14:19 (throwing stress on יוֹאָב) 1 Ch 11:20 Is 33:15–16; 34:16; 38:19; 47:10; 59:16; 63:5 Ho 7:8; often in Pr, as 10:18, 22, 24; 11:28; 13:13; 19:21; 22:9; 24:12; 1 S 1:13 (v. Dr), ψ 68:36. b. when the predic. is a noun, Gn 2:14 and the fourth river, הוּא פְרָת it was the Euphrates, v 19 9:18; 15:2; 42:6 וְיוֹסֵף הוּא הַשַּׁלִּיט and Joseph, he was the ruler etc.: in sentences of the type י׳ הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים, י׳ הוּא הַנִּלְחָם לָכֶם, י׳ הוּא נַחֲלָתְֽךָ, Dt 3:22; 4:35; 7:9; 10:9 Jos 13:14, 33 Is 9:14; 33:6 Ho 11:5 (in these cases, to avoid stiffness, it is convenient often to drop the pron. in translating, as ‘And the fourth river was the Euphrates:’ the pronoun, however, though it then corresponds to the substantive verb in English, does not really express it, the copula, as the exx. shew, being in fact understood. Sts. in AV the pron. is retained for emphasis, as Dt. ll. cc.) So c. after אֲשֶׁר in an affirmative sentence, Gn 9:3 all creeping things אֲשֶׁר הוּא־חַי which are living, Lv 11:39 Nu 9:13; 14:8; 35:31 אֲשֶׁר הוּא רָשָׁע לָמוּת who is guilty of death, Dt 20:20 1 S 10:19 Hg 1:9 Ru 4:15 +. (On 2, cf. Dr§ 199, with Obs.) 3. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible: thus a. Gn 12:18 why didst thou not tell me כי אשׁתך הוא that she was thy wife? 20:13; 21:13 כי זרעך הוא for he is thy seed, 31:20 because he told him not כִּי בֹרֵחַ הוּא, 37:3 + often (the opp. order rare and emph.: Gn 24:65 Dt 4:6; 30:20 Jos 10:2 1 K 2:22; 3:4; 21:2 Ho 2:4 ψ 45:12). b resuming the subj., Gn 31:16 all the wealther which God hath taken etc., לנו הוא ולבנינו it is ours and our children’s, v 43 and all that thou seest, לי הוא it is mine (or, omitting the pronoun, as not required in our idiom, simply) is mine, 41:25 חלום פרעה אחד הוא the dream of Pharaoh is one, 48:5 (לי הם), Ex 3:5 for the place whereon thou standest, אַדְמַת קֹדֶשׁ הוּא it is holy ground, Nu 13:22; 21:26; Dt 1:17; Jos 5:15; 6:19; Jb 3:19 + often; Gn 23:15 ארץ … מַה־הִוא, so ψ 39:5 Is 41:22 (הֵנָּה); אַתֶּם … הֵמָּה (unusual) Zp 2:12. (In all such cases the predicate is not referred directly to the subject, but, the subject being made a casus pendens, it is resumed by the pron., and the pred. thus referred to it indirectly. By this means the sentence is lightened and relieved, especially if the subject consist of many words: in Gn 31:16 for instance, the direct form of predicate כִּי לָנוּ וּלְבָנֵינוּ כָּל־הָעֹשֶׁר אֲשֶׁר הִצִּיל אֱלֹהִים מֵאָבִינוּ would have been heavy and inelegant.) So c. after אֲשֶׁר in a negative sentence, Gn 7:2; 17:12 אֲשֶׁר לֹא מִוַּרְעֲךָ הוּא which is not of thy seed, Nu 17:5; Dt 17:15; 1 K 8:41 (cf. הֵמָּה 3 c). d. peculiarly, as the subject of לֹא, Je 5:12 לוֹא הוּא He is not; and as embracing its predicate in itself, Is 18:2, 7 a nation terrible מִן־הוּא (= מֵאֲשֶׁר הוּא) from (the time that) it was, Na 2:9 מִימֵי הִיא from the days that (st. c. Ges§ 130.4) it was, 2 K 7:7 they left the camp כַּאֲשֶׁר הִיא as it was (cf. כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה v 10). (On 3, cf. Dr§ 198, with Obs.) 4. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject viz. a. (rare) Ct 6:9 אַחַת הִיא יוֹנָתִי תַמָּתִי one is she, my dove my perfect one, Lv 25:11; Ez 11:15; 21:16, La 1:18 צַדִּיק הוּא י׳ (often so in NH); Ec 6:10 וְנוֹדָע אֲשֶׁר הוּא אָדָם and that which he, even man, is, is known (De Now); cf. 1 S 6:19 מִקְרֶה הוּא הָיָה לָנוּ an accident is it, (that) hath befallen us. (Cf. הֵמָּה 4 a.) b. after pronouns—(α) 2 S 7:28 אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Thou art he—God, ψ 44:5 אתה הוא מלכי thou art he—my king, Is 37:16; 43:25 (אנכי), 51:9, 10, 12; 52:6; Je 14:22; 29:23 Kt +; cf. Je 49:12 וְאַתָּה הוּא נָקֹה תִנָּקֶה and art thou he (that) shall be unpunished? (with change of pers. κατὰ σύνεσιν, cf. Ju 13:11; 1 Ch 21:17; Ez 38:17.) So Ew§ 297 b Müll § 499. But others, as GesThes Roo § 563 De Is 37:16; ψ 44:5, treat הוא as emphasizing the pronoun, ‘Thou, he, art God’ i.e. Thou and none else art God; ‘Thou (emph.) art my king.’ (β) מִי הוּא, sq. a ptcp. or subst. Gn 27:33 ψ 24:10 מִי הוּא זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד who is he, then—the king of glory? (according to others, as before, ‘Who (emph.), then, is the king of glory?’); sq. a verb Is 50:9 מִי הוּא יַרְשִׁיעֵנִי who is he (that) will condemn me? (al. ‘Who (emph.) will condemn me?’) Jb 4:7; 13:19; 17:3; 41:2 Je 30:21 (so with הֵנָּה Gn 21:29, הֵמָּה Zc 1:9; 4:5). (γ) זֶה־הוּא †1 Ch 22:1; Ec 1:17 (freq. in NH, where the two words coalesce into one זֶהוּ). On the analogous אֵלֶּה הֵם …, v. הֵ֫מָּה" dir="rtl" >הֵמָּה 4 b (γ). (Cf. Dr§ 200, 201.) 5. As an emph. predicate, of God, ‘I am He,’ i.e. I am He Who is (opp. to unreal gods, named in context, or to transitory world), the Unseen, yet Omni-present, and Self-consistent, Ruler of the world, †Dt 32:39 אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא I, I am he, and beside me there is no God, Is 41:4 (v. Che) 43:10, 13 even from to-day I am he, 46:4; 48:12 ψ 102:28 (v. Che) thou art he, and thy years have no end (𝔊 usually ἐγώ εἰμι: in ψ σὺ δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς εἶ). So also, according to many, Jb 3:19, but is הוא a mere predicate of identity? v. rather 3 b. 6. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matter, etc.)— a. Jos 2:21 כְּדִבְרֵיכֶם כֶּן־הוּא according to your words, so be it; Gn 42:14 הוא אשׁר דברתי that is what I said, Ex 16:23; Lv 10:3; 2 K 9:36; Jb 8:19 הן הוא משׂושׂ דרכו lo that (what has just been described) is the joy of his way, 13:16; 15:9; 31:28; Pr 7:23; Ec 2:1; 3:22; 9:9; Est 9:1b; similarly the fem. הִיא, Ju 14:4 they knew not כי מי׳ היא that it was from י׳, Nu 14:41; Jos 10:13; Is 14:24; ψ 77:10 חַלּוֹתִי הִיא it (this perplexity) is my sickness, Jb 9:22; Pr 18:13; Je 22:16; 2 Ch 25:20 Ec 3:13; ref. to זאת Am 7:6; ψ 118:23 Jb 5:27, זֹה Ec 2:24. (Where there is a predicate, the gender of this usually regulates the choice of m. or f.: hence הִוא Gn 34:14; Ex 8:15; Nu 15:25 (Ec 5:5) Dt 4:6 +.) b. affirming the presence or existence of something (rare): 2 K 18:36 = Is 36:21 כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא for it was the king’s command, saying etc., 1 S 20:33 (text dub.), Je 50:15, 25; 51:6, 11; Mi 2:3, perhaps Jb 32:8. Cf. Dr§ § 198–201. 7. With the art. הַהוּא, הַהִיא, הָהֵ֫מָּה, הָהֵם, הָהֵ֫נָּה: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.: Gn 2:12 הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא that land, 19:35 ובלילה ההוא and in that night, 21:22 בָּעֵת הַהִוא at that time, Dt 1:19 המדבר הגדול והנורא ההוא. Only four times does there occur the anomalous construction בַּלַּיְלָה הוּא Gn 19:33; 30:16; 32:23; 1 S 19:10.

οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο, genitive τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου, etc.: the dual feminine never in Attic dialect, see ὁ, ἡ, τό, [near the start]:—demonstrative pronoun, this, common from Refs 8th c.BC+ __A ORIGIN and FORMS: οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο probably arose from a reduplication of the demonstrative ὁ, ἡ, τό with insertion of -υ- (= Sanskrit Particle u), e.g. ταῦτα from τα-υ-τα: Doric dialect genitive singular feminine τούτας Refs 5th c.BC+, etc., the latter is uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+, as genitive singular neuter οὕτω Refs 3rd c.BC+; accusative singular feminine οὕταν Refs 6th c.BC+ —In _Attic dialect_ οὗτος was frequently strengthened by the _demonstrative_ -ί, οὑτοσί, αὑτηί, τουτί, _genitive_ τουτουί, _dative_ τουτῳί, _accusative_ τουτονί; plural nominative οὑτοιί, neuter ταυτί, etc., this man here: sometimes a Particle is inserted between the pronoun and -ί, as αὑτηγί for αὑτηί γε, Refs 5th c.BC+; τουτογί for τουτί γε, Refs; ταυταγί for ταυτί γε, Refs; τουτοδί for τουτὶ δέ, Refs; τουτουμενί for τουτουὶ μέν, Refs —In codices the ν ἐφελκυστικόν is sometimes added in the forms οὑτοσίν, οὑτωσίν, and οὑτοσίν is said to be Attic dialect by Refs 2nd c.AD+. [This ι is always long, and a long vowel or diphthong before it becomes short, as αὑτη?~Xί, τουτω?~Xί, οὑτοῐί, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B USAGE in regard to CONCORRefs 4th c.BC+ is frequently used as a pronoun substantive: hence neuter is followed by genitive, κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιος Refs 5th c.BC+ adjective, in which case its substantive commonly takes the Article, οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος.—But the Article is absent, __B.1 always in Epic dialect Poets (except Refs 8th c.BC+: sometimes also in Trag., Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 sometimes when the Noun is so specified that the Article is not needed, ἐς γῆν ταύτην.., ἥντινα νῦν Σκύθαι νέμονται Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 when οὗτος is used in local sense, here, see below with Refs __B.4 when the Noun with which οὗτος agrees stands as its Predicate, αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασις Refs 5th c.BC+; δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀρετή [ἐστι] Refs 5th c.BC+ these were the grievances which already existed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ταύτην φήμην παρέδοσαν this was the report which.., Refs 5th c.BC+ this was notably the greatest movement which.., NT+5th c.BC+ __B.5 when 3rd pers. is used for 2nd pers. to express contempt, οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὑτοσὶ ἀνήρ, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II though οὗτος usually agrees with the Noun that serves as Predicate, it is not rare to find it in the neuter, μανία δὲ καὶ τοῦτ᾽ ἐστί Refs 5th c.BC+: and in plural, οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα ἀρχή Refs 4th c.BC+: so with an explanatory clause added, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συκοφάντης, αἰτιᾶσθαι μὲν πάντα ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδέν Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II.2 so also with a Noun in apposition, τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδή Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II.3 the neuter also may refer to a masculine or feminine Noun, καρπὸν φορέει κυάμῳ ἴσον: τοῦτο ἐπεὰν γένηται πέπον κτλ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.4 the neuter is also used of classes of persons, μελιτοπῶλαι καὶ τυροπῶλαι: τοῦτο δ᾽ εἰς ἕν ἐστι συγκεκυφός Refs 5th c.BC+; or of an abstract fact, οὐκ Ἰοφῶν ζ;—τοῦτο γάρ τοι καὶ μόνον ἔτ᾽ ἐστὶ λοιπὸν ἀγαθόν Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III with Prons., __B.III.1 personal, οὗτος σύ, in local sense, see below __B.III.2 interrogative, τί τοῦτ᾽ ἔλεξα; what is this that.. ? Refs 5th c.BC+; ποίοισι τούτοι; for ποῖά ἐστι ταῦτα οἷς [ἔχεις ἐλπίδα]; Refs; Νέστορ᾽ ἔρειο ὅν τινα τοῦτον ἄγει whom he brings here, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.III.3 with οἷος, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.III.4 possessive, πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος this father of thine, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III.5 demonstrative, οὗτος ἐκεῖνος, τὸν σὺ ζητέεις, where ἐκεῖνος is the Predicate, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦτον τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα this same man, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III.5.b exceptionally, Διφίλου οὗτος ὅδ᾽ ἐστὶ τύπος Refs __B.III.6 ἄλλος τις οὗτος ἀνέστη another man here, Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.IV with Numerals, τέθνηκε ταῦτα τρία ἔτη these three years, Refs 5th c.BC+; [στρατείαν] ἑνδέκατον μῆνα τουτονὶ ποιεῖται for these eleven months, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C SIGNIFICATION AND SPECIAL IDIOMS: __C.I this, to designate the nearer, opposed to ἐκεῖνος, that, the more remote, ταῦτα, like τὰ ἐνταῦθα, things round and about us, earthly things, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare ὅδε [near the start]: but οὗτος sometimes indicates that which is not really nearest, but most important, δεῖ.. τὸ βέλτιστον ἀεί, μὴ τὸ ῥᾷστον λέγειν: ἐπὶ ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ βαδιεῖται, ἐπὶ τοῦτο δὲ κτλ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __C.I.2 when, of two things, one precedes and the other follows, ὅδε properly refers to what follows, οὗτος to what precedes, οὐκ ἔστι σοι ταῦτ᾽, ἀλλά σοι τάδ᾽ ἔστι Refs 5th c.BC+ refers to what follows, Refs 8th c.BC+; οὔκουν.. τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι..; Refs 4th c.BC+ __C.I.3 οὗτος is used emphatic, generally in contempt, while ἐκεῖνος denotes praise, ὁ πάντ᾽ ἄναλκις οὗτος, i.e. Aegisthus, Refs 5th c.BC+ of Philip; but οὗτος is used of Philip, Refs 4th c.BC+ __C.I.3.b of what is familiar, τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνας, of the Persians, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ θυλακῶδες τοῦτο the familiar bag-like thing, Refs 4th c.BC+ __C.I.4 in Attic dialect law-language, οὗτος is commonly applied to the opponent, whether plaintiff (as in Refs 4th c.BC+ or defendant (as in Refs; so, in the political speeches of Refs 4th c.BC+ are the opposite party, Refs, etc.; but in the forensic speeches, οὗτοι frequently means the judges, the court, Refs __C.I.5 much like an adverb, in local sense (compare ὅδε [near the start]), τίς δ᾽ οὗτος κατὰ νῆας.. ἔρχεα; who art thou here that comest.. ? Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently in Attic dialect, τίς οὑτοσ; who's this here? Refs 5th c.BC+; πολλὰ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβατα I see many sheep here, Refs 5th c.BC+ ho you! you there! Refs 5th c.BC+: with a proper name, ὦ οὗτος, Αἴας Refs 5th c.BC+ —This phrase mostly implies anger, impatience, or scorn. __C.II simply as antecedent to ὅς, Refs 8th c.BC+ __C.III = τοιοῦτος, οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτι Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV after a parenthesis, the Subject, though already named, is frequently emphatic repeated by οὗτος, οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης.., οὐδὲ οὗτος προσωτέρω.. ἔφησε ἀπικέσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.V καὶ οὗτος is added to heighten the force of a previous word, ξυνεστῶτες.. ναυτικῷ ἀγῶνι, καὶ τούτῳ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους Refs 5th c.BC+; see infr. VIII.2. __C.VI repeated, where for the second we should merely say he or it, τοῖσιν τούτου τοῦτον μέλεσιν.. κελαδοῦντες Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VII ταῦτα is used in some special phrases, __C.VII.1 ταῦτ᾽, ὦ δέσποτα yes Sir (i. e. ἔστι ταῦτα, ταῦτα δράσω, etc.), Refs 5th c.BC+; so also ἦν ταῦτα even so, true, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VII.2 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὑπάρξει so it shall be, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VII.3 καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα so much for that, frequently in Attic dialect, as Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VII.4 ταῦτα at end of a formula in epitaphs, etc., probably short for ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει or ὁ βίος ταῦτά ἐστιν, e.g. οὐδὶς (= -εὶς) ἀθάνατος: ταῦτα Refs 2nd c.AD+ __C.VIII Adverbial usages: __C.VIII.1 ταῦταabsolutely, therefore, that is why.., Refs 8th c.BC+; αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἥκω, ἵνα.. Refs 5th c.BC+ is rare in this sense, τοῦτ᾽ ἀφικόμην, ὅπως.. εὖ πράξαιμί τι Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὸ γὰρ τοῦτο just because of this, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VIII.1.b πρὸς ταῦτα so then, therefore, properly used in indignant defiance, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VIII.2 καὶ ταῦτα, adding a circumstance heightening the force of what has been said, and that, ἄνδρα γενναῖον θανεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικός Refs 4th c.BC+: but mostly with a participle, ὅς γ᾽ ἐξέλυσας ἄστυ.., καὶ ταῦθ᾽ ὑφ᾽ ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἐξειδὼς πλέον Refs 5th c.BC+; or with a participle omitted, ἥτις.. τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτος (i.e. οὖσα) Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VIII.2.b καὶ ταῦτα anyhow, no matter what happens (or happened), ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ ταῦτα you tried, but were no good anyhow, i.e. try as you might, Refs 4th c.BC+ __C.VIII.3 τοῦτο μέν.., τοῦτο δέ.. on the one hand.., on the other.., partly.., partly.., very frequently in Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦτο μέν is sometimes answered by δέ only,Refs 5th c.BC+; by δὲ αὖ, Refs 5th c.BC+; by ἔπειτα δέ, Refs 5th c.BC+; by ἀλλά, Refs 4th c.BC+; by εἶτα, Refs 5th c.BC+; by τοῦτ᾽ αὖθις, Refs __C.VIII.4 dative feminine ταύτῃ, __C.VIII.4.a on this spot, here, ταύτῃ μὲν.., τῇδε δ᾽ αὖ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VIII.4.b in this point, herein, μηδὲν ταύτῃ γε κομήσῃς Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VIII.4.c in this way, thus, Refs 5th c.BC+; to ὅπῃ, Refs 5th c.BC+; ταύτῃ καλεῖσθαι, etc., like οὕτω κ., Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VIII.5 ἐκ τούτου or τούτων thereupon, Refs 5th c.BC+; therefore, Refs __C.VIII.6 ἐν τούτῳ in that case, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VIII.6.b in the meantime, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.VIII.7 πρὸς τούτοις (-οισι) besides, Refs 5th c.BC+

זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv. fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתה, Jer 26:6 Kt (also זֹה and זוֹ, q.v.); comm. זוּ (q.v.): this, here (the element ז = ذ = ܕ is widely diffused in the Semitic languages, as a demonstr. particle, often acquiring, like Engl. that, Germ. der, die, das, the force of a relative. Thus a. Ph. זֶ this (e.g. קבר ז this grave), also sometimes זן, f. זא, comm. אז (v. CIS I. i. 1:4, 5, 6, 12; 44:1; 88:2 etc.); Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylon, Têma, Egypt, זי as mark of the genit. [lit. that of] (CIS II. i. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 65, 67–71, 113, 114, 141, 142, etc.), זנה this (ib. 113:22; 145 C2), f. זא 113:15; 145 B5; Aramaic of Zinijirli ז, זן, זנה this, זי which (DHMSendsch. 56); Ethiopic ዝ ze, this, f. ዛ zā, ዘ za, who (masc.), also (like זִי, and דִּי, דְּ [v. infr.]) in common use as a mark of the genitive; b. Arabic ذَا this, fem. ذِى, ذُو (gen. ذِى, acc. ذَا, fem. ذَاتُ), possessor of (lit. that of …, i.e. one who owns), or in the Ṭayyite dialect, who, which: from ذَا, with هَا lo! prefixed, هَاذَا this, f. هَاذِهِ, with the pron. element -k affixed, ذَاكَ = this: with ’al (= the art.) + a demonstr. element la prefixed, أَلَّذِى who, which (in origin = Heb. הַלָּזֶה this, q.v.); Sab. דֿן this, f. דֿת, דֿ who, which, f. דֿת (PräZMG. 1872, 419, DHMZMG. 1883, 338 f., also Epigr. Denkm. 65); c. Biblical Aramaic דִּי which, דֵּךְ, דִּכֵּן, דְּנָה (q.v.) this, f. דָּא (= זֹאת), דָּךְ; Palm. and Nab. די which, דנה this; 𝔗 דְּ which, דֵּין, דֵּיכֵי this, f. דָּא; with הא lo! prefixed, הָדֵין, הָדָא (Syriac ܗܳܢ, ܗܳܢܳܐ, contr. from ܗܳܕܶܢ), ܗܳܕܶܐ; Syriac ܕ who, which; Sam. ד who, which, דנ this, f. דה; Mand. ד who, which, דהֿ this (rare), more commonly האדין, האזין (NöMand § 80, 81). Alike in Heb. and the other dialects, the corresp. plur. is derived from a different source: Heb. אֵלָּה, Ph. אל, Ethiopic ’ellū, ’ellā, these, ’ella, who, Arabic أُولَى, these, أُولُوا, أُولَى owners of, Sab. אלן these, אל, אלי who, which, Aramaic אִלֵּין, with הא lo! prefixed, ܗܳܠܶܝܢ, Sam. ࠀࠋࠉࠍ, Mand. עלין. Only the Arabic اَلَّذِى forms its own pl. اَلَّذِينَ V. further WSG 107 ff.)— 1. standing alone: a. this one, sometimes contemptuously (especially with אֵת), Gn 2:23 לָזֹאת יִקָּרֵא אִשָּׁה כִּי מֵאִישׁ לֻקֳּחָה־זֹּאת, 5:29 זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ …, 12:12; 38:28 Ex 10:7 עַד מָתַי יִהְיֶה זֶה לָנוּ לְמוֹקֵשׁ, 1 S 10:27 מַה יּוֹשִׁיעֵנוּ זֶה how shall this man save us? 16:8, 9; 21:16 that ye have brought אֶת־זֶה this fellow to play the madman against me? 25:21 in vain have I kept אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר לָזֶה all that this fellow hath etc. 2 S 13:17 אֶת־זֹאת, 1 K 22:27 אֶת־זֶה, Mi 5:4 Is 66:2; as a genit., Gn 29:27, 28 1 K 21:2; with a collective force Lv 11:4, 9 (= Dt 14:7, 9), v 21, 29 Ju 20:16, 17 (כָּל־זֶה), Jb 19:19 (with a plural verb). In a purely neuter sense (of an act, event, announcement, etc.) זאת is most common, as with עשׂה to do this Gn 3:14; 20:5, 6; 45:19 and often, שׁמעו זאת Am 8:4 Is 47:8; 48:1, 16; 51:21 al.; Gn 41:39 Ex 17:14 Dt 32:6 Ju 7:14; 21:3 לָמָה … הָֽיְתָה זֹאת (cf. Jb 1:13 ψ 118:23) 1 K 11:39 2 S 7:19 2 K 3:18 +; אֵין זֹאת 1 Sa 20:2b cf. Am 2:11; rarely so with אֶת־ †Jos 22:24 Je 9:11 ψ 92:7; as an accus. of limit., as regards this, in this, Ez 20:27; 36:37 Jb 19:26 (si vera l.), 33:12 in this thou art not just; (late) אַחֲרֵי זֹאת †Jb 42:16 Ezr 9:10, א׳ כל־זאת †2 Ch 21:18; 35:20; pointing forward to a foll. a clause, Gn 42:18; 43:11 Nu 8:24; 14:35 Is 56:2 Jb 10:13 etc.; Ex 9:16 1 S 25:31 Is 1:12 מִי בִקֵּשׁ זאת מִיֶּדְכֶם רְמֹס חֲצֵרָֽי׃; to one introduced by כִּי 2 S 19:22 ψ 102:19; 119:50, 56 (see also בְּזֹאת 6 b β): but זֶה also sometimes occurs similarly Ex 13:8 Pr 24:12 Jb 15:17 Ne 2:2 Ec 1:17; 2:15 גם זה הבל (so v 19, 21, 23 +), 7:18(×2); of a concrete obj., Ex 30:31 2 K 4:43 מָה אֶתֵּן זֶה לִפְנֵי מֵאָה אִישׁ: in late Heb., Ne 13:6 בְּכָל־זֶה during all this, 2 Ch 32:9 אַחַר זֶה; pointing forwards La 5:17 f. to כִּי ψ 56:10 Je 22:21. (See also below, 6 g.) b. repeated זֶה … זֶה, this … that, the one … the other or (if indefinite) another, Gn 29:27 (זֹאת), Ex 14:20 וְלֹא קָרַב זֶה אֶל זֶה, 1 K 3:23; 22:20 Is 6:3; 44:5 (3 times), ψ 75:8 זֶה יַשְׁפִּיל וְזֶה יָרִים, Jb 1:16–18; 21:23, 25 +. 2. In appos. to a subst.: a. preceding it (rare) Ex 32:1, 23 זֶה מֹשֶׁה, Ju 5:5 (= ψ 68:9) זֶה סִינַי this Sinai, Jos 9:12 זֶה לַחְמֵנוּ this our bread, 1 K 14:14 2 K 6:33 Is 23:13 זֶה הָעָם, ψ 34:7; 49:14; 104:25 זה הים גדול וג׳ this sea there is great and broad, 118:20 Ct 7:8 Ezr 3:12. (Cf. זוּ Hb 1:11.) b. following it:—(α) when the subst. is determined by a pron. affix, Gn 24:8 שְׁבוּעָתִי זֹאת, this my oath, Dt 5:29(26) O that לְבָבָם זֶה this their heart (their present temper) might continue always! 21:20 Jos 2:14, 20 דְּבָרֵנוּ זֶה, Ju 6:14 go בְּכֹחֲךָ זֶה in this thy strength, Dn 10:17 2 Ch 24:18 (Cf. אֵלָּה, a.) Rarely when it is undetermined, 2 K 1:2 חֳלִי זֶה (so 8:8, 9), ψ 80:15. (β) with the art., הַזֶּה, הַזֹּאת, after a subst. determained also by the art., Gn 7:1 בַּדּוֹר הַזֶּה, v 13 הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, 12:7 הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת, 15:7; 17:21, 23 Dt 4:6 הגוי הגדול הזה, and continually. Not however after a n.pr., except such as are construed with the art., as הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה Gn 32:11 Dt 3:27; 31:2 Jos 1:2, 11; 4:22, הַלְּבָנוֹן הַזֶּה Jos 1:4, cf. Nu 27:12 = Dt 32:49 (2 K 5:20 הַזֶּה belongs to הָאֲרַמִּי): and hardly ever (2 Ch 1:10) after a noun with a pron. affix (Jos 2:17 מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵךְ הַזֶּה the gender of הזה shews that the text is in error: v. Dr§ 209 Obs.). 3. More often as pred., as 1 S 24:17 הֲקוֹלְךָ זֶה, 2 K 3:23 דָּם זֶה this is blood, 9:37 זֹאת אִיזָֽבֶל׃, Ez 5:5 etc.; הֲזֶה Is 14:16, הֲזֹאת 23:7 La 2:15; often at the beginning or close of enumerations (especially P), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as Gn 5:1 זה ספר this is the book …, 9:12 זֹאת אוֹת הַבְּרִית, 17:10; 20:13 זֶה חַסְדֵּךְ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשִׂי עִמָּדִי, Lv 6:2, 13, 18; 7:1, 11 Dt 6:1; 33:1 Jos 13:2 Jb 27:13 Is 58:6 etc.; זה הדבר אשׁר … Ex 16:16; 35:4 Jos 5:4 Ju 20:9; 21:11 Is 37:22 Je 38:21 +, cf. זה אשׁר … this is what (or how) … Gn 6:15 Ex 29:38 Je 33:16; זֶה לְךָ הָאוֹת Ex 3:12 1 S 2:34 +; at the end, Lv 7:37; 11:46; 13:50 Nu 5:21; 7:17, 23 etc., Jos 19:8, 16, 23 etc., Is 14:26; 16:13 (זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר …), 17:14; 54:17 Je 13:25 ψ 109:20 Ct 5:16(×2) Jb 5;27, in the latter case sometimes with the force of such (i.e. such as has been described), 18:21; 20:29 (cf. אֵלֶּה ψ 73:12), ψ 24:6; 48:15 such (= such a one) is God, our God, for ever (Hi De) Zp 2:15; cf. Jb 14:3 אַף־עַל־זֶה upon one such as this (v 1, 2) dost thou open thy eyes? 4. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, especially interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker. (Contrast from this point of view מי זה and מי הוא: v. הוא 4 b.) Thus a. אֵי־זֶה15 where, then? Jb 28:12 אֵי־זֶה מְקוֹם בִּינָה, v 20 38:19 b (v. other exx. sub אַי 1 b, p. 32). b. מִי־זֶה, †1 S 17:55, 56 בֶּן־מִי־זֶה֖ הָעָֽלֶם׃ the son of whom, here, is the lad? Je 49:19 (= 50:44) וּמִי זֶה רֹעֶה אֲשֶׁר וג׳ and who (emph.) is the shepherd that etc., La 3:37 ψ 24:8 Who is the King of glory? (for which in v 10 the stronger מִי הוּא זֶה is said: so Je 30:21 Est 7:5), 25:12. Elsewhere, the rend. Who is this … is admissible: Is 63:1 Je 46:7 Jb 38:2; 42:3; cf. מִי־זֹאת Ct 3:6; 6:10; 8:5. c. מַה־זֶּה how, now? Gn 27:20 Ju 18:24 וּמַה־זֶּה תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי and how, now, do ye say to me …? 1 K 21:5 2 K 1:5; what, now? (τίποτε;) 1 S 10:11 מַה־זֶּה הָיָה לְבֶן־קִישׁ; עַל־מַה־זֶּה for what? Ne 2:4: contracted into מַזֶּה Ex 4:2. (Cf. Aramaic מָדֵין why? ܡܳܕܶܝܢ used as a conj. therefore, e.g. 2 S 18:22 𝔖, PS2013: both formed similarly.) d. מַה־זֹּאת in the phrase (עֲשִׂיתֶם, עָשִׂית) מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂיתָ Gn 3:13; 12:18; 26:10; 29:25; 42:28 Ex 14:11 Ju 2:2 15:11 +. Either What, now, hast thou (have ye) done? (Fl De) or What is this (that) thou hast (ye have) done? (The Arabic grammarians dispute on the precise construction of the corresp. phrase in Arabic مَا ذَا صَنَعْتَ; De Gen. 3:13 (ed. 4), and especially FlKl.Schr. i. 356 Lane p. 948.) e. לָֽמָּה־זֶּה wherefore, now? Gn 18:13; 25:22; 32:30 Ex 5:22 Nu 11:20 + often Cf. Arabic لِهَا ذَا f. הַאַתָּה זֶה †2 S 2:20 האתה זה עשׂהאל Art thou Asahel? 1 K 18:7, 17, without הֲ Gn 27:24; in an indirect question Gn 27:21. g. הִנֵּה זֶה behold, here … †1 K 19:5 (in narrative), Is 21:9 Ct 2:8, 9. Cf. Nu 13:17 (unusual) עֲלוּ זֶה בַּנֶּגֶב go up here in the South. h. עַתָּה זֶה, †1 K 17:24 עַתָּה זֶה יָדַעְתִּי now I know that …, 2 K 5:22 just now. Also i. prefixed to expressions denoting a period of time: Gn 27:36 he hath supplanted me זֶה פַעֲמַיִם now two times (so 43:10), 31:38 now, already twenty years, v 41 (זֶה־לִּי …), 45:6 Nu 14:22 now ten times, 22:28, 32 זֶה שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים, Dt 8:2, 4 Jos 22:3 זֶה יָמִים רַבִּים, 2 S 14:2 +; Zc 7:3 זֶה כַּמָּה שָׁנִים already how many years! cf. Ru 2:7 Je 50:17. 5. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare: but see also זוֹ, זוּ): ψ 74:2 athe hill of Zion זה שׁכנת בּוֹ wherein thou dwellest, 78:54; 104:8 אל־מְקום זה to the place (st. c. Ges§ 130. 3) which … v 26 Pr 23:22 Is 25:9; = that which Jb 15:17, those who 19:19 (so once, Ex 13:8, even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by coupling זה with the preceding subst., and separating it from what follows by a disj. accent (as הַר־זֶ֝֗ה), appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have construed, ‘this mountain, (which) thy right hand,’ etc. 6. With prefixes (in special senses):— a. בָּזֶה15 in this (place), here, Gn 38:21, 22 Ex 24:14 Nu 23:1(×2) 1 S 1:26; 9:11 +; of time, then, †Est 2:13 Once בַּזֶּה 1 S 21:10. b. בְּזֹאת (α) with this = on these conditions, Gn 34:15, 22 1 S 11:2 Is 27:9; = herewith, thus provided Lv 16:3. (β) by or through this (especially with יָדַע), Gn 42:15, 33 Ex 7:17 Nu 16:28 Jos 3:10 ψ 41:12; so בָּזֹאת Mal 3:10. (γ) in spite of this, Lv 26:27 ψ 27:3, for which the fuller בְּכָל־זֹאת occurs, Is 5:25; 9:11, 16, 20; 10:4 ψ 78:32 Je 3:10 Ho 7:10. (δ) בָּזֹאת for this cause (late style) †1 Ch 27:24 2 Ch 19:2; in this matter 20:17. c. כָּזֶה (α) †Gn 41:38 הֲנִמְצָא כָזֶה אִישׁ אשׁר …, Is 56:12; 58:5 Je 5:9 גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר כָּזֶה (so v 29; 9:8). (β) כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה thus and thus, †Ju 18:4 2 S 11:25 1 K 14:5. d. כְּזֹאת the like of this = as follows, †Gn 45:23; כָּזֹאת the like of this = things such as these Ju 13:23 (c. השׁמיע), 15:7; 19:30 לא נראתה כָּזֹאת, 1 S 4:7 (cf. Je 2:10 2 Ch 30:26), 2 S 14:13 (c. חשׁב), Is 66:8 (c. שׁמע), Ezr 7:27; = accordingly, to that effect (c. דִּבֶּר) 2 Ch 34:22; = in like manner Ju 8:8; = thus (as has been described) 1 K 7:37 1 Ch 29:14 2 Ch 31:20; 32:15: כָּזֹאת וְכָזֹאת thus and thus †Jos 7:20 2 S 17:15(×2) 2 K 5:4; 9:12. e. מִזֶּה from here, hence Gn 37:17; 42:15; 50:25 Ex 11:1(×2) 13:3 Dt 9:12 + often: מִזֶּה … מִזֶּה on one side … on the other side Ex 17:12 מזה אחד ומזה אחד, 25:19; 26:13; 32:15 מזה ומזה הם כתובים, Nu 22:24 1 S 14:4 1 K 10:19, 20 Zc 5:3 +; מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה לְ on one side and on the other side of … Ex 38:15 Jos 8:33 Ez 45:7; 48:21. f. עַל זֶה on this account (rare), La 5:17 (pointing forwards), Est 6:3. So עַל זֹאת Am 8:8 Mi 1:8 Je 2:12 (Jb 17:8) 4:8, 28 ψ 32:6; in late prose Ezr 8:23; 9:15; 10:2 Ne 13:14 2 Ch 16:9, 10; 29:9; 32:20. g. עִם זֶה in spite of this †Ne 5:18.—On אֵי זֶה which? אֵי מִזֶּה whence? אֵי לָזֹאת how? v. sub אַי" dir="rtl" >אַי 2, p. 32; and on הַלָּז, הַלָּזֶה, הַלֵּזוּ, v. p. 229. Note. —זֶה in 1 S 17:34 (in many edd.) is a typographical error (not a Kt) of Jacob b. Chayim’s Rabbin. Bible of 1525 for שׂה sheep, which has been perpetuated hence in other subseq. edd. The reading of MSS. and of the best ancient edd. is שֶׂה (cf. de RossiVar. Lect. ii. 151).

הֵ֫מָּה and הֵם (without appreciable distinction in usage, except prob. in so far as the longer or shorter form was better adapted to the rhythm of particular sentences: on the whole הֵמָּה (alone) is somewhat more freq. than הֵם, הָהֵם on the contrary is said regularly, הָהֵמָּה occurring only 12 times, viz. Nu 9:7 (P), Je 14:15 Zc 14:15, and in the phr. בַּ(הַ)יָּמִים הָהֵמָּה 2 K 18:4 Je 3:16, 18; 5:18; 50:4; Jo 3:2; 4:1; Zc 8:23; Ne 13:15, though בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם is much more common) pron. 3 pl. masc. (הֵמָּה used incorrectly for the fem. Zc 5:10; Ru 1:22; Ct 6:8), fem. הֵ֫נָּה [NH also הֵן, which occurs however in Bibl. Heb. only after a prefix: v. infr. 8], pr. 3 pl. they (Biblical Aramaic הִמּוֹ, q.v.; هُنَّ, هُمْ; Ethiopic (one form) እሙንቱ: እማንቱ: ʾemūn-tū, ʾemān-tū; cf. also for the dissyl. form, the sf. –ōmū [fem. –ōn]; perhaps also Assyrian suff. šunu, šina[ni], cf. reff. sub הוּא). In usage not different in genl. from הוּא, הִיא (which see, under the corresponding headings, for fuller explanations), thus:— 1. a. Gn 6:4; Ex 5:7 הֵם יֵֽלְכוּ let them (emph.) go and gather straw, Nu 31:16; Is 24:14; Ho 4:14; 7:3 etc.; after כִּי Je 5:5; 34:7. (For the use in circumst. clauses v. Dr§ 160, 169.) b. Ju 1:22 ויעלו … גַם הֵם, Dt 2:11 (אַף הֵם), 3:20; Jos 9:4; Ez 30:17. c. Ex 18:22 every small matter יִשְׁפְּטוּ־הֵם let them judge themselves, v 26 Je 15:19; 17:18 ψ 109:28; Est 9:1. d. Gn 33:6; 44:3 Jud 6:5 etc. e. cf. Ne 10:38. 2. a. (Resuming the subj. with emph.) Gn 14:24 (note accents), Dt 1:39 ψ 23:4; 27:2 (accents), 37:9; 107:24; Ez 36:7; 44:15. b. Is 30:7; Ez 27:13, 17, 21; cf. Is 44:11. c. Nu 14:27a Je 27:9; Ez 43:19 אֲשֶׁר הֵם מִזֶּרַע צָדוֹק, Ec 4:2; Ne 2:13.—הֵמָּה כִּדְוֵי לַחֻמִי Jb 6:7 read perhaps וַהֲמָה וגו׳ (or זָֽהֲמָה) it is loathesome (√ זהם). 3. a. Gn 3:7; Ex 5:8 כִּי נִרְפִּים הֵם for they are idle, 14:3; 15:23; 29:33 etc. (the opp. order rare: Nu 11:16 Is 61:9, cf. De ψ 94:11). b. Gn 34:21, 23; 41:26; 48:5 שׁני בניך … לִי הֵם thy two sons …, they are mine, Ex 32:16 + often: Is. 41:22 הָרִאשֹׁנוֹת מָה הֵנָּה, 49:21 אֵלֶּה אֵיפֹה הֵם these—where were they? Zp 2:12 after אַתֶּם, peculiarly (cf. Dr§ 198 Obs. 2). c. Dt 20:15 אֲשֶׁר לֹא־מֵעָרֵי הַגּוֹיִם הָאֵלֶּה הֵנָּה, Ju 19:12 1 K 9:20. d. 2 K 7:10 כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה. (Pr 19:7 Kt לֹא־הֵמָּה is prob. corrupt: v. Comm.) 4. a. Pr 30:24 אַרְבָּעָה הֵם קְטַנֵּי־אָ֑רֶץ four things are they, the little ones of the earth, v 29 (cf. before a rel. clause v 15, 18; 6:16) Ct 6:8; Is 51:19 שְׁתַּיִם הֵנָּה קֹרְאֹתַיִךְ, 1 Ch 9:26 (v. הוא 4 a). b. (β) Gn 21:29 מָה הֵנָּה שֶׁבַע … lit. What are they—these seven sheep? Zc 1:9; 4:5. (γ) אֵלֶּה … הֵם †Gn 25:16 (= 1 Ch 1:36) Lv 23:2; Nu 3:20, 21, 27, 33 1 S 4:8 1 Ch 8:6; 12:15 (v. Dr§ 201, 3). 6. a. In a neuter sense (rare), Jb 6:7 הֵמָּה כִּדְוֵי לַחְמִי they (i.e. such sufferings as mine) are as loathsomeness in my meat, Je 7:4 הֵיכַל י׳ הֵמָּה they (i.e. these buildings) are the temple of י׳; and in the fem., Lv 5:22 of all that a man doeth to sin בָּהֵנָּה therein, 1 Ch 21:10 מֵהֵנָּה (‖ 2 S 24:12 מֵהֶם); 2 S 12:8 Jb 23:14 כָּהֵנָּה things such as these. 7. With art. הָהֵם, Gn 6:4; Ex 2:11; Nu 14:38 + often; הָהֵמָּה 12 times (v. supr.); הָהֵנָּה †1 S 17:28. N.B.—Ez 8:6 Kt מָהֵם stands for מָה הֵם (so Qr), cf. מָזֶה" dir="rtl" >מַזֶּה for מַה־זֶּה Ex 4:2; 2 K 9:18 עַד־הֵם is irreg. for עֲדֵיהֶם; 2 S 4:6 וְהֵנָּה וג׳ is textual error for וְהִנֵּה שֹׁעֶרֶת הַבַּיִת סֹקְלָה חִטִּים וג׳ v. We Dr (𝔊 & RVm). 8. With preps. (in lieu of the normal, and more usual, forms with suffixes בָּהֶם, לָהֶם, מֵהֶם etc. [כָּהֶם & כָּהֶן, however, each once only, כְּמוֹהֶם thrice: v. כְּ])— a. בָּהֵמָּה †Ex 30:4; 36:1 (both P), Hb 1:16; כָּהֵמָּה †Je 36:32; לָהֵמָּה †Je 14:16; מֵהֵמָּה †Je 10:2 Ec 12:12. b. כָּהֵם †2 S 24:3 Yahweh add to the people כָּהֵם וְכָהֵם מֵאָה פְעָמִים the like of themselves and the like of themselves 100 times, = 1 Ch 21:3 (but כָּהֵם here only once, cf. Dt 1:11 כָּכֶם), 2 Ch 9:11; Ec 9:12. c. בָּהֵנָּה †Lv 5:22 (P) Nu 13:19 (JE) Je 5:17: כָּהֵנָּה †Gn 41:19 2 S 12:8 וְאֹסִפָה לְךָ כָּהֵנָּה וְכָהֵנָּה, Jb 23:14: לָהֵנָּה †Ez 1:5, 23(×2); 42:9; Zc 5:9: מֵהֵנָּה †Lv 4:2 (P) Is 34:16; Je 5:6; Ez 16:51; 42:5 ψ 34:21 1 Ch 21:10 (‖ 2 S 24:12 מֵהֶם). d. בָּהֵן †Gn 19:29 (P) 30:26, 37 Ex 25:29; 37:16 (both P) Lv 10:1; 11:21; 14:40 Nu 10:3; 16:7 (all P) Dt 28:52; Jr 4:29; 48:9; 51:43(×2) (בָּהֶן thrice only, v. p. 88); כָּהֵן †Ez 18:14 (edd.; Baer כָּהֶן); לָהֵן (= therefore) †Ru 1:13(×2) (also Biblical Aramaic); מֵהֵן †Ez 16:47, 52 (edd.; Baer מֵהֶן). (With the exception of כָּהֵנָּה, these forms are found mostly in P and writers not earlier than Je.; b and d, however, depend solely on the punctuation.)

אֵ֫לֶּה (أُولَى, እሉ: እላ: Rabb. אֵלּוּ, Aramaic אִלֵּין, & compd. with ܗܳܐ and ܐܰܝ in ܗܳܠܶܝܢ, ܐܰܝܠܶܝܢ ) pr.pl.m. & f. these, in usage the pl. of זֶה. a. Gn 2:4 & often: in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the art.) Ex 9:14 (read with Hi. אֵלֶּה בְּךָ for אֶל־לִבֵּךָ) 10:1 אֹתֹתַי אֵלֶּה these my signs, 11:8 Dt 11:18 1 K 8:59; 10:8; 22:23 2 K 1:13 Je 31:21 Ezr 2:65 Ne 6:14; in the genit. 2 K 6:20 Is 47:9 Dt 18:12 ψ 15:5; and after כל Gn 14:3 + often Standing alone in a neuter sense, these things (rare in best prose, & not very common in poetry), with עָשָׂה Dt 18:12; 22:5; 25:16 2 S 23:17, 22 ψ 15:5 +; with other vbs. Ezr 9:1 Is 44:21; 47:7 Je 13:22 Ho 14:10 ψ 42:5; 50:21; 107:43 Jb 8:2; with אֶת־ Nu 15:13 Is 48:14; with כָּל־ Ju 13:23 Is 66:2 +; v. also some of the cases with preps. sub d. אלה may point indifferently to what follows, Gn 6:9; 10:1; 25:7, 12, 13 ψ 42:5; or to what has preceded, Gn 9:19; 10:20, 31, 32; 25:4 Lv 21:14; 22:22 ψ 15:5; = such as these (τοιαῦτα), ψ 73:12 Jb 18:21. b. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those Dt 27:12, 13 Jos 8:22 Is 49:12 (3 times) ψ 20:8 +. c. with art. (only after a subst. determined by art. (except Gn 21:29 Jos 17:9 עָרִים הָאֵלֶּה read הֶעָרִים, cf. 17:12; 19:8, 16, 31, 48, etc. Ez 42:9)) הָאֵלֶּה Gn 15:1 +. d. with preps.: בְּאֵלָּה Lv 25:54; 26:23 1 K 22:11 (7 times), בָּאֵלֶּה †1 S 16:10; 17:39; לְאֵלֶּה Lv 11:24 (4 times), לָאֵלֶּה 1 K 22:17 (5 times); מֵאֵלֶּה Gn 9:19 (16 times); עַד אֵלֶּה Lv 26:18; עַל־אֵלָּה on account of these things Is 57:6; 64:11 Je 5:9 al.; כְּאֵלֶּה †Jb 16:2 Je 10:16 = 51:19, כָּאֵלֶּה †Gn 27:46 Lv 10:19 (things like these, so Is 66:8 Je 18:13) Nu 28:24 P (cf. Ez 45:25) 2 K 25:17 = Je 52:22, כְּמוֹ־אֵלֶּה †Jb 12:3.

זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv. fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתה, Jer 26:6 Kt (also זֹה and זוֹ, q.v.); comm. זוּ (q.v.): this, here (the element ז = ذ = ܕ is widely diffused in the Semitic languages, as a demonstr. particle, often acquiring, like Engl. that, Germ. der, die, das, the force of a relative. Thus a. Ph. זֶ this (e.g. קבר ז this grave), also sometimes זן, f. זא, comm. אז (v. CIS I. i. 1:4, 5, 6, 12; 44:1; 88:2 etc.); Aramaic of Nineveh, Babylon, Têma, Egypt, זי as mark of the genit. [lit. that of] (CIS II. i. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., 65, 67–71, 113, 114, 141, 142, etc.), זנה this (ib. 113:22; 145 C2), f. זא 113:15; 145 B5; Aramaic of Zinijirli ז, זן, זנה this, זי which (DHMSendsch. 56); Ethiopic ዝ ze, this, f. ዛ zā, ዘ za, who (masc.), also (like זִי, and דִּי, דְּ [v. infr.]) in common use as a mark of the genitive; b. Arabic ذَا this, fem. ذِى, ذُو (gen. ذِى, acc. ذَا, fem. ذَاتُ), possessor of (lit. that of …, i.e. one who owns), or in the Ṭayyite dialect, who, which: from ذَا, with هَا lo! prefixed, هَاذَا this, f. هَاذِهِ, with the pron. element -k affixed, ذَاكَ = this: with ’al (= the art.) + a demonstr. element la prefixed, أَلَّذِى who, which (in origin = Heb. הַלָּזֶה this, q.v.); Sab. דֿן this, f. דֿת, דֿ who, which, f. דֿת (PräZMG. 1872, 419, DHMZMG. 1883, 338 f., also Epigr. Denkm. 65); c. Biblical Aramaic דִּי which, דֵּךְ, דִּכֵּן, דְּנָה (q.v.) this, f. דָּא (= זֹאת), דָּךְ; Palm. and Nab. די which, דנה this; 𝔗 דְּ which, דֵּין, דֵּיכֵי this, f. דָּא; with הא lo! prefixed, הָדֵין, הָדָא (Syriac ܗܳܢ, ܗܳܢܳܐ, contr. from ܗܳܕܶܢ), ܗܳܕܶܐ; Syriac ܕ who, which; Sam. ד who, which, דנ this, f. דה; Mand. ד who, which, דהֿ this (rare), more commonly האדין, האזין (NöMand § 80, 81). Alike in Heb. and the other dialects, the corresp. plur. is derived from a different source: Heb. אֵלָּה, Ph. אל, Ethiopic ’ellū, ’ellā, these, ’ella, who, Arabic أُولَى, these, أُولُوا, أُولَى owners of, Sab. אלן these, אל, אלי who, which, Aramaic אִלֵּין, with הא lo! prefixed, ܗܳܠܶܝܢ, Sam. ࠀࠋࠉࠍ, Mand. עלין. Only the Arabic اَلَّذِى forms its own pl. اَلَّذِينَ V. further WSG 107 ff.)— 1. standing alone: a. this one, sometimes contemptuously (especially with אֵת), Gn 2:23 לָזֹאת יִקָּרֵא אִשָּׁה כִּי מֵאִישׁ לֻקֳּחָה־זֹּאת, 5:29 זֶה יְנַחֲמֵנוּ …, 12:12; 38:28 Ex 10:7 עַד מָתַי יִהְיֶה זֶה לָנוּ לְמוֹקֵשׁ, 1 S 10:27 מַה יּוֹשִׁיעֵנוּ זֶה how shall this man save us? 16:8, 9; 21:16 that ye have brought אֶת־זֶה this fellow to play the madman against me? 25:21 in vain have I kept אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר לָזֶה all that this fellow hath etc. 2 S 13:17 אֶת־זֹאת, 1 K 22:27 אֶת־זֶה, Mi 5:4 Is 66:2; as a genit., Gn 29:27, 28 1 K 21:2; with a collective force Lv 11:4, 9 (= Dt 14:7, 9), v 21, 29 Ju 20:16, 17 (כָּל־זֶה), Jb 19:19 (with a plural verb). In a purely neuter sense (of an act, event, announcement, etc.) זאת is most common, as with עשׂה to do this Gn 3:14; 20:5, 6; 45:19 and often, שׁמעו זאת Am 8:4 Is 47:8; 48:1, 16; 51:21 al.; Gn 41:39 Ex 17:14 Dt 32:6 Ju 7:14; 21:3 לָמָה … הָֽיְתָה זֹאת (cf. Jb 1:13 ψ 118:23) 1 K 11:39 2 S 7:19 2 K 3:18 +; אֵין זֹאת 1 Sa 20:2b cf. Am 2:11; rarely so with אֶת־ †Jos 22:24 Je 9:11 ψ 92:7; as an accus. of limit., as regards this, in this, Ez 20:27; 36:37 Jb 19:26 (si vera l.), 33:12 in this thou art not just; (late) אַחֲרֵי זֹאת †Jb 42:16 Ezr 9:10, א׳ כל־זאת †2 Ch 21:18; 35:20; pointing forward to a foll. a clause, Gn 42:18; 43:11 Nu 8:24; 14:35 Is 56:2 Jb 10:13 etc.; Ex 9:16 1 S 25:31 Is 1:12 מִי בִקֵּשׁ זאת מִיֶּדְכֶם רְמֹס חֲצֵרָֽי׃; to one introduced by כִּי 2 S 19:22 ψ 102:19; 119:50, 56 (see also בְּזֹאת 6 b β): but זֶה also sometimes occurs similarly Ex 13:8 Pr 24:12 Jb 15:17 Ne 2:2 Ec 1:17; 2:15 גם זה הבל (so v 19, 21, 23 +), 7:18(×2); of a concrete obj., Ex 30:31 2 K 4:43 מָה אֶתֵּן זֶה לִפְנֵי מֵאָה אִישׁ: in late Heb., Ne 13:6 בְּכָל־זֶה during all this, 2 Ch 32:9 אַחַר זֶה; pointing forwards La 5:17 f. to כִּי ψ 56:10 Je 22:21. (See also below, 6 g.) b. repeated זֶה … זֶה, this … that, the one … the other or (if indefinite) another, Gn 29:27 (זֹאת), Ex 14:20 וְלֹא קָרַב זֶה אֶל זֶה, 1 K 3:23; 22:20 Is 6:3; 44:5 (3 times), ψ 75:8 זֶה יַשְׁפִּיל וְזֶה יָרִים, Jb 1:16–18; 21:23, 25 +. 2. In appos. to a subst.: a. preceding it (rare) Ex 32:1, 23 זֶה מֹשֶׁה, Ju 5:5 (= ψ 68:9) זֶה סִינַי this Sinai, Jos 9:12 זֶה לַחְמֵנוּ this our bread, 1 K 14:14 2 K 6:33 Is 23:13 זֶה הָעָם, ψ 34:7; 49:14; 104:25 זה הים גדול וג׳ this sea there is great and broad, 118:20 Ct 7:8 Ezr 3:12. (Cf. זוּ Hb 1:11.) b. following it:—(α) when the subst. is determined by a pron. affix, Gn 24:8 שְׁבוּעָתִי זֹאת, this my oath, Dt 5:29(26) O that לְבָבָם זֶה this their heart (their present temper) might continue always! 21:20 Jos 2:14, 20 דְּבָרֵנוּ זֶה, Ju 6:14 go בְּכֹחֲךָ זֶה in this thy strength, Dn 10:17 2 Ch 24:18 (Cf. אֵלָּה, a.) Rarely when it is undetermined, 2 K 1:2 חֳלִי זֶה (so 8:8, 9), ψ 80:15. (β) with the art., הַזֶּה, הַזֹּאת, after a subst. determained also by the art., Gn 7:1 בַּדּוֹר הַזֶּה, v 13 הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, 12:7 הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת, 15:7; 17:21, 23 Dt 4:6 הגוי הגדול הזה, and continually. Not however after a n.pr., except such as are construed with the art., as הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה Gn 32:11 Dt 3:27; 31:2 Jos 1:2, 11; 4:22, הַלְּבָנוֹן הַזֶּה Jos 1:4, cf. Nu 27:12 = Dt 32:49 (2 K 5:20 הַזֶּה belongs to הָאֲרַמִּי): and hardly ever (2 Ch 1:10) after a noun with a pron. affix (Jos 2:17 מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵךְ הַזֶּה the gender of הזה shews that the text is in error: v. Dr§ 209 Obs.). 3. More often as pred., as 1 S 24:17 הֲקוֹלְךָ זֶה, 2 K 3:23 דָּם זֶה this is blood, 9:37 זֹאת אִיזָֽבֶל׃, Ez 5:5 etc.; הֲזֶה Is 14:16, הֲזֹאת 23:7 La 2:15; often at the beginning or close of enumerations (especially P), descriptions, injunctions, etc., as Gn 5:1 זה ספר this is the book …, 9:12 זֹאת אוֹת הַבְּרִית, 17:10; 20:13 זֶה חַסְדֵּךְ אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשִׂי עִמָּדִי, Lv 6:2, 13, 18; 7:1, 11 Dt 6:1; 33:1 Jos 13:2 Jb 27:13 Is 58:6 etc.; זה הדבר אשׁר … Ex 16:16; 35:4 Jos 5:4 Ju 20:9; 21:11 Is 37:22 Je 38:21 +, cf. זה אשׁר … this is what (or how) … Gn 6:15 Ex 29:38 Je 33:16; זֶה לְךָ הָאוֹת Ex 3:12 1 S 2:34 +; at the end, Lv 7:37; 11:46; 13:50 Nu 5:21; 7:17, 23 etc., Jos 19:8, 16, 23 etc., Is 14:26; 16:13 (זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר …), 17:14; 54:17 Je 13:25 ψ 109:20 Ct 5:16(×2) Jb 5;27, in the latter case sometimes with the force of such (i.e. such as has been described), 18:21; 20:29 (cf. אֵלֶּה ψ 73:12), ψ 24:6; 48:15 such (= such a one) is God, our God, for ever (Hi De) Zp 2:15; cf. Jb 14:3 אַף־עַל־זֶה upon one such as this (v 1, 2) dost thou open thy eyes? 4. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, especially interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker. (Contrast from this point of view מי זה and מי הוא: v. הוא 4 b.) Thus a. אֵי־זֶה15 where, then? Jb 28:12 אֵי־זֶה מְקוֹם בִּינָה, v 20 38:19 b (v. other exx. sub אַי 1 b, p. 32). b. מִי־זֶה, †1 S 17:55, 56 בֶּן־מִי־זֶה֖ הָעָֽלֶם׃ the son of whom, here, is the lad? Je 49:19 (= 50:44) וּמִי זֶה רֹעֶה אֲשֶׁר וג׳ and who (emph.) is the shepherd that etc., La 3:37 ψ 24:8 Who is the King of glory? (for which in v 10 the stronger מִי הוּא זֶה is said: so Je 30:21 Est 7:5), 25:12. Elsewhere, the rend. Who is this … is admissible: Is 63:1 Je 46:7 Jb 38:2; 42:3; cf. מִי־זֹאת Ct 3:6; 6:10; 8:5. c. מַה־זֶּה how, now? Gn 27:20 Ju 18:24 וּמַה־זֶּה תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי and how, now, do ye say to me …? 1 K 21:5 2 K 1:5; what, now? (τίποτε;) 1 S 10:11 מַה־זֶּה הָיָה לְבֶן־קִישׁ; עַל־מַה־זֶּה for what? Ne 2:4: contracted into מַזֶּה Ex 4:2. (Cf. Aramaic מָדֵין why? ܡܳܕܶܝܢ used as a conj. therefore, e.g. 2 S 18:22 𝔖, PS2013: both formed similarly.) d. מַה־זֹּאת in the phrase (עֲשִׂיתֶם, עָשִׂית) מַה־זֹּאת עָשִׂיתָ Gn 3:13; 12:18; 26:10; 29:25; 42:28 Ex 14:11 Ju 2:2 15:11 +. Either What, now, hast thou (have ye) done? (Fl De) or What is this (that) thou hast (ye have) done? (The Arabic grammarians dispute on the precise construction of the corresp. phrase in Arabic مَا ذَا صَنَعْتَ; De Gen. 3:13 (ed. 4), and especially FlKl.Schr. i. 356 Lane p. 948.) e. לָֽמָּה־זֶּה wherefore, now? Gn 18:13; 25:22; 32:30 Ex 5:22 Nu 11:20 + often Cf. Arabic لِهَا ذَا f. הַאַתָּה זֶה †2 S 2:20 האתה זה עשׂהאל Art thou Asahel? 1 K 18:7, 17, without הֲ Gn 27:24; in an indirect question Gn 27:21. g. הִנֵּה זֶה behold, here … †1 K 19:5 (in narrative), Is 21:9 Ct 2:8, 9. Cf. Nu 13:17 (unusual) עֲלוּ זֶה בַּנֶּגֶב go up here in the South. h. עַתָּה זֶה, †1 K 17:24 עַתָּה זֶה יָדַעְתִּי now I know that …, 2 K 5:22 just now. Also i. prefixed to expressions denoting a period of time: Gn 27:36 he hath supplanted me זֶה פַעֲמַיִם now two times (so 43:10), 31:38 now, already twenty years, v 41 (זֶה־לִּי …), 45:6 Nu 14:22 now ten times, 22:28, 32 זֶה שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים, Dt 8:2, 4 Jos 22:3 זֶה יָמִים רַבִּים, 2 S 14:2 +; Zc 7:3 זֶה כַּמָּה שָׁנִים already how many years! cf. Ru 2:7 Je 50:17. 5. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare: but see also זוֹ, זוּ): ψ 74:2 athe hill of Zion זה שׁכנת בּוֹ wherein thou dwellest, 78:54; 104:8 אל־מְקום זה to the place (st. c. Ges§ 130. 3) which … v 26 Pr 23:22 Is 25:9; = that which Jb 15:17, those who 19:19 (so once, Ex 13:8, even in prose). In some of the passages cited the punctuators, by coupling זה with the preceding subst., and separating it from what follows by a disj. accent (as הַר־זֶ֝֗ה), appear not to have recognised its relative sense, but to have construed, ‘this mountain, (which) thy right hand,’ etc. 6. With prefixes (in special senses):— a. בָּזֶה15 in this (place), here, Gn 38:21, 22 Ex 24:14 Nu 23:1(×2) 1 S 1:26; 9:11 +; of time, then, †Est 2:13 Once בַּזֶּה 1 S 21:10. b. בְּזֹאת (α) with this = on these conditions, Gn 34:15, 22 1 S 11:2 Is 27:9; = herewith, thus provided Lv 16:3. (β) by or through this (especially with יָדַע), Gn 42:15, 33 Ex 7:17 Nu 16:28 Jos 3:10 ψ 41:12; so בָּזֹאת Mal 3:10. (γ) in spite of this, Lv 26:27 ψ 27:3, for which the fuller בְּכָל־זֹאת occurs, Is 5:25; 9:11, 16, 20; 10:4 ψ 78:32 Je 3:10 Ho 7:10. (δ) בָּזֹאת for this cause (late style) †1 Ch 27:24 2 Ch 19:2; in this matter 20:17. c. כָּזֶה (α) †Gn 41:38 הֲנִמְצָא כָזֶה אִישׁ אשׁר …, Is 56:12; 58:5 Je 5:9 גּוֹי אֲשֶׁר כָּזֶה (so v 29; 9:8). (β) כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה thus and thus, †Ju 18:4 2 S 11:25 1 K 14:5. d. כְּזֹאת the like of this = as follows, †Gn 45:23; כָּזֹאת the like of this = things such as these Ju 13:23 (c. השׁמיע), 15:7; 19:30 לא נראתה כָּזֹאת, 1 S 4:7 (cf. Je 2:10 2 Ch 30:26), 2 S 14:13 (c. חשׁב), Is 66:8 (c. שׁמע), Ezr 7:27; = accordingly, to that effect (c. דִּבֶּר) 2 Ch 34:22; = in like manner Ju 8:8; = thus (as has been described) 1 K 7:37 1 Ch 29:14 2 Ch 31:20; 32:15: כָּזֹאת וְכָזֹאת thus and thus †Jos 7:20 2 S 17:15(×2) 2 K 5:4; 9:12. e. מִזֶּה from here, hence Gn 37:17; 42:15; 50:25 Ex 11:1(×2) 13:3 Dt 9:12 + often: מִזֶּה … מִזֶּה on one side … on the other side Ex 17:12 מזה אחד ומזה אחד, 25:19; 26:13; 32:15 מזה ומזה הם כתובים, Nu 22:24 1 S 14:4 1 K 10:19, 20 Zc 5:3 +; מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה לְ on one side and on the other side of … Ex 38:15 Jos 8:33 Ez 45:7; 48:21. f. עַל זֶה on this account (rare), La 5:17 (pointing forwards), Est 6:3. So עַל זֹאת Am 8:8 Mi 1:8 Je 2:12 (Jb 17:8) 4:8, 28 ψ 32:6; in late prose Ezr 8:23; 9:15; 10:2 Ne 13:14 2 Ch 16:9, 10; 29:9; 32:20. g. עִם זֶה in spite of this †Ne 5:18.—On אֵי זֶה which? אֵי מִזֶּה whence? אֵי לָזֹאת how? v. sub אַי" dir="rtl" >אַי 2, p. 32; and on הַלָּז, הַלָּזֶה, הַלֵּזוּ, v. p. 229. Note. —זֶה in 1 S 17:34 (in many edd.) is a typographical error (not a Kt) of Jacob b. Chayim’s Rabbin. Bible of 1525 for שׂה sheep, which has been perpetuated hence in other subseq. edd. The reading of MSS. and of the best ancient edd. is שֶׂה (cf. de RossiVar. Lect. ii. 151).

ἐκεῖνος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεῖνο, also κεῖνος (regular in Epic dialect, Ionic dialect (as Refs 5th c.BC+ only where the metre requires,Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; but not in Attic dialect Prose, and in Comedy texts only in mock Trag. passages): Aeolic dialect κῆνος Refs 7th c.BC+: Doric dialect τῆνος Refs 3rd c.BC+: in Comedy texts, strengthened ἐκεινοσί Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκεινοσίν Refs 2nd c.AD+: (ἐκεῖ):—demonstrative pronoun the person there, that person or thing, Refs 8th c.BC+: generally with reference to what has gone immediately before, Refs 5th c.BC+; but when οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος refer to two things before mentioned, ἐκεῖνος, properly belongs to the more remote, in time, place, or thought, οὗτος to the nearer, Refs 5th c.BC+ sometimes = the latter, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἆρ᾽ οὗτός ἐστ᾽ ἐκεῖνος ὅν..; Refs 5th c.BC+: also joined as if one pronoun, τοῦτ᾽ ἐκεῖνο..δέρκομαι Refs 5th c.BC+; κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ at that point of time, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἀλλ᾽ ἐκεῖνο, à propos, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 to denote wellknown persons, etc., κεῖνος μέγας θεός Refs 8th c.BC+ __2.b ἐκεῖνα the ideal world, Refs __3 for things, of which one cannot remember or must not mention the name, ={ὁ δεῖνα}, so-and-so, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b in formulae, τεθνάτω καὶ οἱ παῖδες οἱ ἐξ ἐκείνου Refs __4 with simple demonstrative force, Ἶρος ἐκεῖνος ἧσται Irus sits there, Refs 8th c.BC+; νῆες ἐκεῖναι ἐπιπλέουσιν there are ships sailing up, Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 in indirect speech where properly the reflexive pronoun αὑτοῦ would stand, Refs 5th c.BC+ __6 after a Relat. in apodosi almost pleonastic, Refs 5th c.BC+ __7 in Aeolic dialect and Attic dialect the substantive with ἐκεῖνος properly has the Article (κῆνος ὤνηρ Refs 7th c.BC+ may precede or follow the substantive, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν στρατείαν ἐ., τὸν ἄνδρ᾽ ἐ., Refs 8th c.BC+; but when this is the case in Prose, ἐκεῖνος follows the substantive, ἡμέρας ἐκείνης Refs 5th c.BC+ __II adverb ἐκείνως in that case, Refs; in that way, Refs 5th c.BC+: Ionic dialect κείνως Refs 5th c.BC+ __III dative feminine ἐκείνῃ as adverb, __III.1 of Place, at that place, in that neighbourhood, Refs 5th c.BC+; κείνῃ (i.e. ὁδῷ) Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.2 of Manner, in that manner, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV with Preps., ἐξ ἐκείνου from that time, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνα in that region, Refs 5th c.BC+afterwards, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare ἐπέκεινα.

דְּנָה57 demonstr. pr. comm. this (Zinj. זן, זנה; Egyptian Aramaic זנה (S-CPap. B 17 +); זנך (ib.C 6, D 8); Nab. Palm. דנה (Lzb 264 Cooke 26); 𝔗 דֵּין (e.g. 1 S 10:27) and (with הָ, i.e. הָא, ܗܳܐ ecce) הָדֵין; Aramaic of Têma הא זא (Cooke 195. 198); Syriac ܗܳܢܳܐ (contr. for הָֽדְנָא); Mand. האזין; Sab. ذن (HomChrest. 13); Ethiopic ዝንቱ: all from [דֶּה,] זה, + demonstr. n (WCG 108 f.); fem. Biblical Aramaic דָּא, 𝔗 דָּא, הָדָה, Syriac ܗܳܕܶܐ, Mand. האזא, Ethiopic ዛቲ without the n; the pl. is אִלֵּין, q.v.);—this: a. Dn 2:18 רָזָא דְנָה this secret, v 28, 29, 30 +, Ezr 4:11; 5:3, 4, 9 +; כָּל־דְּנָה Dn 5:22. b. אַחֲרֵי דְנָה after this †Dn 2:29, 45; so בָּאתַר דְּנָה †7:6, 7. c. כִּדְנָה like this, thus, †Je 10:11 (= Heb. כֹּה), Dn 2:10 מִלְּתָא כִדְנָה a word like this (cf.כָּזֹאת Est 4:14), Da 3:29 Ezr 5:7. d. עַל־דְּנָה on account of this †Dn 3:16; Ezr 4:22; 5:5, 17; 6:11; as conj. = therefore (cf.Heb. עַל־זֹאת) Ezr 4:14, 15.—Vid. also קֳבֵל" dir="rtl" >קֳבֵל and קַדְמָה" dir="rtl" >קַדְמָה.

Related to: ἐκεῖνος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεῖνο, also κεῖνος (regular in Epic dialect, Ionic dialect (as Refs 5th c.BC+ only where the metre requires,Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; but not in Attic dialect Prose, and in Comedy texts only in mock Trag. passages): Aeolic dialect κῆνος Refs 7th c.BC+: Doric dialect τῆνος Refs 3rd c.BC+: in Comedy texts, strengthened ἐκεινοσί Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκεινοσίν Refs 2nd c.AD+: (ἐκεῖ):—demonstrative pronoun the person there, that person or thing, Refs 8th c.BC+: generally with reference to what has gone immediately before, Refs 5th c.BC+; but when οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος refer to two things before mentioned, ἐκεῖνος, properly belongs to the more remote, in time, place, or thought, οὗτος to the nearer, Refs 5th c.BC+ sometimes = the latter, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἆρ᾽ οὗτός ἐστ᾽ ἐκεῖνος ὅν..; Refs 5th c.BC+: also joined as if one pronoun, τοῦτ᾽ ἐκεῖνο..δέρκομαι Refs 5th c.BC+; κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ at that point of time, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἀλλ᾽ ἐκεῖνο, à propos, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 to denote wellknown persons, etc., κεῖνος μέγας θεός Refs 8th c.BC+ __2.b ἐκεῖνα the ideal world, Refs __3 for things, of which one cannot remember or must not mention the name, ={ὁ δεῖνα}, so-and-so, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b in formulae, τεθνάτω καὶ οἱ παῖδες οἱ ἐξ ἐκείνου Refs __4 with simple demonstrative force, Ἶρος ἐκεῖνος ἧσται Irus sits there, Refs 8th c.BC+; νῆες ἐκεῖναι ἐπιπλέουσιν there are ships sailing up, Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 in indirect speech where properly the reflexive pronoun αὑτοῦ would stand, Refs 5th c.BC+ __6 after a Relat. in apodosi almost pleonastic, Refs 5th c.BC+ __7 in Aeolic dialect and Attic dialect the substantive with ἐκεῖνος properly has the Article (κῆνος ὤνηρ Refs 7th c.BC+ may precede or follow the substantive, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν στρατείαν ἐ., τὸν ἄνδρ᾽ ἐ., Refs 8th c.BC+; but when this is the case in Prose, ἐκεῖνος follows the substantive, ἡμέρας ἐκείνης Refs 5th c.BC+ __II adverb ἐκείνως in that case, Refs; in that way, Refs 5th c.BC+: Ionic dialect κείνως Refs 5th c.BC+ __III dative feminine ἐκείνῃ as adverb, __III.1 of Place, at that place, in that neighbourhood, Refs 5th c.BC+; κείνῃ (i.e. ὁδῷ) Refs 8th c.BC+ __III.2 of Manner, in that manner, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV with Preps., ἐξ ἐκείνου from that time, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνα in that region, Refs 5th c.BC+afterwards, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare ἐπέκεινα.

† הוּא14 m. הִיא 7 f. pron. of 3 s. he, she, it (= BH הוּא, הִיא; Zinj. and Palm. (once) הא, Palm. (usually) Nab. Egyptian Aramaic הו, f. הי, Lzb257, S-CPap. A 1, 12 +; A 4, C 9 +. The pl. is אִנּוּן, q.v.);—he, she, it, Dn 2:21 וְהוּא מְהַשְׁנֵא … and he will change, etc., v 22, 44; 6:5; 7:7, 24 Ezr 5:8; Dn 2:32 הוּא צַלְמָא that image (nom. pend.); 4:19 אַנְתָּה הוּא thou art it. Resuming the subj. with emph. (BH 2 b) 2:47; 6:17; resuming the subj. in predication (ib. 3 b) 2:20 חָכְמְתָא וּגְבוּרְתָּא דִּי־לֵהּ הִיא it is his, v 28. Anticipating the subj. (ib. 4 a) 2:9 הֲדָא הִיא דָֽתְכוֹן; with a pron. (ib. 4 b) 2:38 אַנְתְּה הוּא … thou art the head of gold 5:13; 3:15 מַן הוּא אֱלָהּ … who is the good …? (so pl. אִנּוּן Ezr 5:4); 4:27 הֲלָא דָא הִיא … (ib. 4 b γ); 6:27 דִּי הוּא … who is … (ib. 2 c), Ezr 6:15 (so דִּי אִנּוּן … Dn 7:17). [cf. in 𝔗 Ex 14:25; 15:11 2 S 20:19; 24:17 ψ 43:2; 63:4; 66:3 +.] Affirming existence (BH 6 b) Dn 4:21. cf. K§ 87, 3. הוּבַד v. [אֲבַד].

† זוּ pron. (poet.), indeclinable. 1. a demonstr. Hb 1:11 זוּ כֹחוֹ this his strength, ψ 12:8 מִן־הַדּוֹר זוּ (unusual, for הַזֶּה), 62:12 שְׁתַּיִם־זוּ שָׁמַעְתִּי these two things &c. (but better (WickesPoet. Acc. 64) שְׁ֖תֵּיִם ז֣וּ two things (are there) which &c.: v. 2). 2. a relative, Ex 15:13 עַם־זוּ גָאָ֑לְתָּ the people which thou hast redeemed, v 16 Is 42:24 זוּ חָטָאנוּ לוֹ against whom we sinned, 43:21 ψ 9:16 (fem.) רֶשֶׁת־ז֥וּ טָ֜מָ֗נוּ so 31:5, 10:2; 17:9 (with a plural antecedent) מִפְּנֵי רְשָׁעִים זוּ שַׁדּוּנִי, 32:8; 68:29 (thou) who hast wrought for us! 142:4; 143:8. To most of these passages the remark made under זה 5 respecting the intention of the punctuators also applies: comp. De on ψ 9:16. (Cf. ذُو, used as an indeclin. relat. pron. = اَلَّذِى in the Ṭayyite dialect: thus أتى عليهم ذو أتى there has come upon them that which has come: ذحن ذو فعلنا كذا it is we who have done this. See SchuHariri Cons. ii. 75, Thes406, WAG i. 347, e, Lanep. 986, FlKl.Schr. i. p. 359.)

† אִלֵּךְ demonstr.pron.pl. these (pl. of דֵּךְ, q.v.: Egyptian Aramaic אלך (Cooke 207 RÉS361 B S-CPap. E 6 +): with hâ prefixed, OSyr. ܗܠܘܟ, f. ܗܠܝܟ, Nö§ 67, M § 82 Burkitt Evang. da-Mepharreshe ii. 42, Chr-Pal. ܗܠܝܟ (m. and f.) SchwIdiot. 24; cf.Arabic أُولَاكَ, Ethiopic እልኩ Di Lex. 1057: the demonst. affix ך as in דֵּךְ, ذَاك, etc.; WCG 110);—these, גֻּבְרַיָּא אִלֵּךְ these men, Dn 3:12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 27; 6:6, 12, 16, 25 Ezr 4:21; 6:8b; also Ezr 5:9; 6:8a.

† דֵּךְ demonstr. pr. m. this, f. דָּךְ; only Ezr; Dn uses דִּכֵּן (Egyptian and Cappad. Aramaic זך (CIS ii. 151 RÉS 361 B S-CPap. (f. דכא, דכי ib.F 6, 9), LzbEph. i. 67); 𝔗 דֵּיכֵי, f. דָּךְ; Arabic ذَاكَ; Ethiopic ዝኩ From ذَا, זֶה, דָּא (f.), with the affix ך (WCG 110), thus lit. = Germ. dieser da. The pl. is אִלֵּךְ, q.v.);—this (always after its subst.), Ezr 5:16 שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר דֵּךְ, v 17 בֵּית־אֱלָהָא דֵךְ, 6:7, 8, 12; f. 4:13, 15(×2), 16, 19, 21 all קִרְיְתָא דָךְ, 5:8.

† זֹה this (f.) = זֹאת (cf. זוֹ, in Mish. the regular fem. of זֶה)—2 K 6:19 Ez 40:45 Ec 2:2, 24; 5:15, 18; 7:23; 9:13 (זאת does not occur in Ec); also in the phr. כָּזֹה וְכָזֶה (v. זה 6 c β).

ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, demonstrative pronoun, this, formed by adding the enclitic -δε to the old demonstrative pronoun ὁ, ἡ, τό, and declined like it through all cases: Epic dialect dative plural τοῖσδεσσι, τοῖσδεσσιν, as well as τοῖσδε, Refs 8th c.BC+: Aeolic dialect genitive plural τῶνδεων Refs 7th c.BC+; ταδή Refs 5th c.BC+ —ὅδε, like{οὗτος}, is opposed to ἐκεῖνος, to designate what is nearer as opposed to to what is more remote; but ὅδε refers more distinctly to what is present, to what can be seen or pointed out, though this distinction is sometimes not observed, e.g. ξύμπας Ἀχαιῶν λαός, ἐν δὲ τοῖσδ᾽ ἐγώ Refs 5th c.BC+;— τοῦτον, ὅνπερ εἰσορᾷς Refs 5th c.BC+ __I of Place, to point out what is present or before one, Ἕκτορος ἥδε γυνή this is, or here is, the wife of Hector, Refs 8th c.BC+; in Comedy texts, ἐγὼ σιωπῶ τῷδ; Refs 5th c.BC+; and in Prose, ὧν Θεόδωρος εἷς ὅδε Refs 5th c.BC+; of what belongs to this world, Refs __I.2 with Verbs of action, = here, ἀνδρί, ὅστις ὅδε κρατέει who holds sway here, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔγχος μὲν τόδε κεῖται ἐπὶ χθονός here it lies, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἥδ᾽ ἡ κορώνη.. λέγει the crow here.., variant in Refs 5th c.BC+ here comes.., Refs 5th c.BC+; falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 with a person pronoun, ὅδ᾽ ἐγὼ.. ἤλυθον here am I come, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἡμεῖς οἵδε περιφραζώμεθα let us here.., Refs; δῶρα δ᾽ ἐγὼν ὅδε.. παρασχέμεν here am I [ready] to provide.., Refs 8th c.BC+: with a proper name, ὅδ᾽ εἰμ᾽ Ὀρέστης Refs 8th c.BC+ __I.4 also with τίς and other interrogative words, τίς δ᾽ ὅδε Ναυσικάᾳ ἕπετα; who is this following her? Refs; τί κακὸν τόδε πάσχετ; what is this evil ye are suffering? Refs; πρὸς ποῖον ἂν τόνδ᾽.. ἔπλε; Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.5 in Trag. dialogue, ὅδε and ὅδ᾽ ἀνήρ, ={ἐγώ}, Refs; γυναικὸς τῆσδε, for ἐμοῦ, Refs 5th c.BC+; so ξὺν τῇδε χερί with this hand of mine, Refs __I.6 in Refs 4th c.BC+ designates a particular thing, 'such and such', τοδὶ διὰ τοδὶ αἱρεῖται Refs; ἥδε ἡ ἰατρική, opposed to αὐτὴ ἡ ἰ., Refs; τόδε τι a this, i.e. a fully specified particular, Refs 4th c.BC+; πορευσόμεθα εἰς τήνδε τὴν πόλιν NT __II of Time, to indicate the immediate present, ἥδ᾽ ἡμέρα Refs 8th c.BC+; but νυκτὸς τῆσδε in the night just past, Refs 5th c.BC+; so τῆσδε τῆς ὁδοῦ on this present journey, Refs; also ἀπόλλυμαι τάλας ἔτος τόδ᾽ ἤδη δέκατον now for these ten years, Refs; τῶνδε τῶν ἀσκητῶν athletes of the present day, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 ἐς τόδε elliptic with genitive, ἐς τόδ᾽ ἡμέρας Refs 5th c.BC+; πῶς ἐς τόδ᾽ ἂν τόλμης ἔβ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __III in sentences beginning this is.., the Engl. this is frequently represented by nominative plural neuter τάδ; ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἔρανος τάδε γ᾽ ἐστίν this is not an ἔρανος, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἆρ᾽ οὐχ ὕβρις τάδ; is not this insolence? Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, Ἀπόλλων τάδ᾽ ἦν this was Refs 5th c.BC+; τάδ᾽ οὐχὶ Πελοπόννησος, ἀλλ᾽ Ἰωνία Inscription cited in Refs 1st c.BC+ __III.2 to indicate something immediately to come, τόδε μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ (which then follows) Refs 8th c.BC+; see at {οὗτος} Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐκεῖνος, Refs 5th c.BC+ [La_us] πρὸς τῆς τύχης ὄλωλεν, οὐδὲ τοῦδ᾽ ὕπο [by Oedipus] Refs __III.3 as 'antecedent' to a defining Relat., ὃν πόλις στήσειε, τοῦδε χρὴ κλύειν Refs 8th c.BC+ is separate, as ὃς δέ κε μηρίνθοιο τύχῃ.., ὁ δ᾽ οἴσεται ἡμιπέλεκκα Refs 8th c.BC+ sometimes has its deictic force and the relative clause merely explains, as νήσου τῆσδ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἧς ναίει Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV Adverbial usage of some cases: __IV.1 τῇδε, __IV.1.a of Place, here, on the spot, Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV.1.b of Manner, thus, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.2 accusative neuter τόδε with ἱκάνω, etc., hither, to this spot, Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV.2.b therefore, on this account, τόδε χώεο Refs: so also accusative plural neuter, τάδε γηθήσειε on this account, Refs 8th c.BC+ __IV.3 dative plural neuter, τοισίδε in or with these words, τοισίδε ἀμείβεται Refs 5th c.BC+; τοισίδε προέχει in these respects, Refs

† I. אֵל pr.pl.m. & f. = the more usual אֵלָּה, these 1 Ch 20:8; with art. הָאֵל Gn 19:8, 25; 26:3, 4 Lv 18:27 Dt 4:42; 7:22; 19:11. (Merely an orthogr. variation of אֵלָּה, and doubtless pronounced similarly; the kindred dialects have in genl. a dissyllabic form: v. sub אֵלֶּה. Written similarly in Ph., e.g. CIS 3:22; 14:5; 93:3 (האל), but ZMG1875, 240 (Neo-Punic) אלא; in Plaut. Poen. v. 1. 9 transliterated ily; Schroed.Ph. Gr. p. 81, 160, 286 ff.)

† הַלָּז pron.comm. this, a rare synonym of זֶה or הַזֶּה, this (Arabic اَلَّذِى (also اَلَّذْ), pl. اَلَّذِينَ, who, which (cf. זֶה, which is used also sometimes as rel.), formed from اَلْ the def. art., and the pron. ذَا, זֶה, זוּ, with the insertion of the demonstr. element la, and thus in fact = הַזֶּה: WAG i. § 347, CG p. 177)—ususally with subst. defined by the art., Ju 6:20 הַסֶּלַע הַלָּז this rock, 1 S 14:1 מֵעֵבֶר הַלָּז off this side-across, 17:26 אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי הַלָּז, (+ 20:19 𝔊 Th We Dr τὸ ἐργαβ ἐκεῖνο, i.e. (or הַלָּאז) הָאַרְגָּב הַלָּז this mound (or cairn), for האבן האזל) 2 K 23:17; Zc 2:8; with a fem., 2 K 4:25 הַשּׁוּנַמִּית הַלָּז: without a subst. Dn 8:16 לְהַלָּז to this one (= normal לָזֶה). The fuller form is

† דָּא demonstr. pr. f. this (= BH זֹה: Zinj. Têma, Cappad. Egyptian Aramaic זא, Nab. דא, Palm. דה (Lzb 264; Eph. i. 323 Cooke 26), 𝔗 דא: v. further sub BH זֶה. The corresp. masc. is דְּנָה);—this, Dn 4:27 הֲלָא דָא הִיא בָּבֶל רַבְּתָא, 5:6 דָּא לְדָא נָֽקְשָׁן one striking another, cf.7:3 (v. זֶה 1 b), v 8 בְקַרְנָא־דָא. דָּארִין v. [דּוּר].

† אִלֵּין (אִלֵּן Dn 2:44; 6:7) demonstr.pron.pl. these (pl. of דְּנָה, q.v.: Palm. אלן (Lzb264 Eph. i. 343. 345 Cooke 26); 𝔗 אילין; Mand. עלין (NöM 89 f.); Talm. (with emph. hâ prefixed, WCG 109) הָאִלֵּין: v. further sub BH אֵלֶּה, and add Egyptian Aramaic אלו Cooke 26);—these, only Dn: Dn 2:40 דִּי מְרָעַע כָּל־ אִלֵּין, v 44 כָּל־אִלֵּן מַלְכְוָתָא, 6:3 אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנַיָּא אִלֵּין (so v 7), 7:17 אִלֵּין חֵיוָתָא.

† דִּכֵּן demonstr. pr. comm. this, that; only Dn; Ezr uses דֵּךְ (דֵּךְ + demonstr. affix n, WCG 111);—Dn 2:31 צַלְמָא ד׳, 7:20, 21 קַרְנָא ד׳.

† הַלָּ֫זֶה, הַלֵּ֫זוּ this; masc. Gn 24:65 הָאִישׁ הַלָּזֶה, 37:19 בַּעַל חֲלוֹמוֹת הַלָּזֶה this dreamer (contemptuously); fem. Ex 36:35 הָאָרֶץ הַלֵּזוּ.

† אֵלֶּה demonstr.pron.pl. these (Nab. אלה (Lzb 264 Cooke 241), Cappad. and Egyptian Aramaic אלה (LzbEph. i. 323 RÉS 361 A 3 S-CPap. E 13, K 13): prob. therefore not, as used to be supposed, a Hebraism, but a peculiarity of the dialects of Je 10:11 and of Ezr (in which the usually Aramaic form אִלֵּין does not occur): v. further אִלֵּין);—these, Je 10:11 Ezr 5:15 Kt.

† גֵּה Ez 47:13, read זֶה 𝔊 𝔗 𝔙 & all moderns.

הַלּוֹחֵשׁ Ne 3:12; 10:25 v. לוֹחֵשׁ.

† זוֹ i.q. זֹה (q.v.): only Ho 7:16 b זוֹ לַעְגָּם this (i.e. the falling by the sword, v a) is their derision; and (as relat.) ψ 132:12 וְעֵדֹ֤תִ֥י זֹוֹ and my testimony which … (neglecting the accentuation: v. De, and cf. the remark under זֶה 5).