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Abigail: proper name meaning 'my father is joy,' borne by two women connected to David's household.
Abigail (ʾăḇîḡayil) likely means 'my father is joy' or 'source of joy.' The name belongs most prominently to the wise and quick-witted wife of Nabal the Carmelite, who intercepted David's wrath with provisions and eloquent speech (1 Sam 25). After Nabal's death she became David's wife and accompanied him through the wilderness years. A second Abigail appears as David's sister or half-sister (1 Chr 2:16–17), mother of Amasa. The name appears in several orthographic variants across the Hebrew manuscripts, reflecting scribal handling of the yod-lamed ending.
Senses
1. Abigail (proper name) — The personal name Abigail, appearing in multiple spelling variants (אֲבִיגַיִל, אֲבִיגַל, אֲבִיגָל). Primarily denotes the resourceful woman of Carmel who prevented David from shedding blood in anger (1 Sam 25:14–35) and later bore him a son, Chileab (2 Sam 3:3). Also designates David's sister, mother of Amasa (1 Chr 2:16–17; 2 Sam 17:25). Cross-language renderings are consistently transliterated: Spanish and French 'Abigaïl,' German 'Abigail.' 19×
AR["[كتيب]", "أبيجايِلَ", "أبيجايِلُ", "أَبيجايِل", "بِأبيجايِلَ", "لِ-أَبِيجَايِلَ", "لِأبيجايِلَ", "لِـ-أَبيجايِل", "وَ-أَبيجايِل", "وَ-أَبيجايِلُ", "وَأبيجايِلُ", "وَأَبِيجَايِلُ", "وَلِأبيجايِلَ"]·ben["(অবীগয়িলের)", "[অবীগয়িল]", "[অবীগয়িলের]", "অবীগয়িল", "অবীগয়িলকে", "অবীগয়িলের", "অবীগয়িলের-থেকে", "অবীগয়িলের-মধ্যে", "অবীগলের", "আর-অবীগয়িল", "এবং-অবীগয়িলকে", "এবং-অবীগযিল", "ও-অবীগয়িল"]·DE["Abigail", "Avigal", "[Abigail]", "[to-Abigail]", "[ואביגיל]", "[לאביגיל]", "und-Abigail", "und-zu-Abigail", "zu-Abigail"]·EN["Abigail", "Avigal", "[Abigail]", "[to-Abigail]", "and-Abigail", "and-Avigayil", "and-to-Abigail", "to-Abigail", "to-Avigayil"]·FR["Abigaïl", "Avigal", "[Abigail]", "[to-Abigail]", "[ואביגיל]", "[לאביגיל]", "et-Abigaïl", "et-à-Abigaïl", "à-Abigaïl"]·heb["(אביגיל)", "(ל-אביגיל)", "[אבוגיל]", "[ל-אביגל]", "אביגיל", "אביגל", "ב-אביגיל", "ו-אביגיל", "ו-ל-אביגיל", "ל-אביגיל"]·HI["(अबीगैल-से)", "(अबीगैलने)", "[अबीगैल-से]", "[अबीगैलने]", "अबीगैल", "अबीगैल-से", "अबीगैलने", "और-अबिगयिल", "और-अबीगैल", "और-अबीगैल-को"]·ID["(Abigail)", "Abigail", "Dan-Abigail", "Dan-kepada-Abigail", "[dari-Abigail]", "dan-Abigail", "dari-Abigail", "kepada-Abigail"]·IT["Abigail", "Avigal", "[Abigail]", "[to-Abigail]", "[ואביגיל]", "[לאביגיל]", "a-Abigail", "e-Abigail", "e-a-Abigail"]·jav["Abigail", "Lan-Abigail", "Lan-dhateng-Abigail", "dhateng-Abigail", "kangge-Abigail", "lan-Abigail", "saking-Abigail"]·KO["(케티브)", "그-와-아비가일", "그리고-아비가일", "그리고-아비가일에게", "아비가일", "아비가일에게", "아비가일에게서", "아비가일의-아들이니", "아비가일이", "아비가일이고", "에-아비가일에게"]·PT["'Avigail", "'Avigayil", "(de-'Avigayil)", "E-Avigayil", "E-a-'Avigayil", "['Avigayil]", "[de-'Avigal]", "a-'Avigayil", "de-Avigayil", "e-'Avigayil", "e-Avigayil"]·RU["(Авигайиль)", "(от-Авигайиль)", "[Авугайиль]", "[кетив:от-Авигайиль]", "Авигайили", "Авигайиль", "Авигее", "И-Авигаиль", "а-Авигайили", "и-Авигайиль", "и-Авигея", "и-сыны", "от-Авигаил", "с-Авигайилью"]·ES["(Qeré)", "(para-Abigail)", "Abigail", "Y-Abigayil", "[para-Abigal]", "a-Abigail", "con-Abigail", "de-Abigayil", "y-Abigail", "y-Abigayil", "y-a-Abigail"]·SW["Abigaili", "Na-Abigaili", "[kwa-Abigaili]", "kwa-Abigaili", "na-Abigaili", "na-kwa-Abigaili"]·TR["(Avigayil'den)", "(Avigayil)", "-Avigayil'e", "Avigail'e", "Avigayil", "Avigayil'den", "Avigayil'e", "Ve-Avigayil'e", "[Avigayil'den]", "[Avigayil]", "ve-Avigayil"]·urd["(ابیجیل)-نے", "(ابیجیل-سے)", "[ابیجیل-سے]", "[ابیجیل]", "ابیجیل", "ابیجیل-سے", "ابیجیل-نے", "اور-ابیجیل", "اور-ابیجیل-کو", "ل-ابیجیل", "و-ابیجیل"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)G1063 1. (1047×)G3778 1. this thing, these things (1003×)H???? 2. (1002×)G2424 1. (924×)G3754 1. that (content clause) (881×)H2009 1. presentative particle: behold, look (881×)H0589 1. I (first person singular pronoun) (874×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† אֲבִיגַ֫יִל n.pr.f. (my father is joy (?) orig. אבגל? (אֲבִגֵל?) cf. MT infr. & NöZMG 1883, 537 Anm2). 1. wife of Nabal, then of David 1 S 25:14, 23, 39, 40, 42; 27:3; 30:5 2 S 2:2 1 Ch 3:1; = אֲבִגַיִל 1 S 25:3, 36 אֲבִו֯גַיִל v 18, אֲבִיגָ֑ל v 32, אֲבִיגַ֯לִ 2 S 3:3. 2. sister of David 1 Ch 2:16, 17 = אֲבִיגַל 17:25.