To rub or crumble something between the hands, particularly grain heads. In Luke 6:1, the disciples are described as picking heads of grain and 'rubbing them in their hands' to separate kernels from chaff—an action that provoked Pharisaic criticism as Sabbath work. The consistent translations (Spanish 'frotando', French 'frotter', English 'rubbing') capture this tactile agricultural action, central to the controversy over what constitutes forbidden Sabbath labor.