Gall refers to the bitter bile produced by the liver, a substance associated in ancient medicine with bitterness and disease. Matthew 27:34 records the offer of wine mixed with gall to Jesus on the cross—likely a narcotic drink meant to dull pain, which he refused. In Acts 8:23, Peter tells Simon the magician he is 'in the gall of bitterness,' using the bodily fluid as a vivid metaphor for spiritual corruption and bondage to sin. Classical Greek writers also used gall figuratively for bitter anger or wrath, making it a potent image for toxic spiritual states.