τίθημι G5087
Poner, colocar o depositar algo; por extensión, designar para un cargo, dar la vida sacrificialmente o resolver en el corazón.
En su núcleo, τίθημι significa poner o colocar algo en una posición — una lámpara sobre un candelero, un cuerpo en un sepulcro, enemigos debajo de los pies. Pero esta acción física se ramifica en un rico territorio metafórico. Cuando Dios 'coloca' a alguien en un cargo, la palabra se convierte en 'designar' o 'establecer' (Hechos 20:28; 1 Timoteo 1:12). De modo más llamativo, Jesús usa τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν — literalmente 'pongo mi vida' — para el acto voluntario de entregar su vida (Juan 10:11-18), una expresión tan distintiva que el coreano pasa del ordinario 놓다 a 내놓다 (soltar, entregar), captando el matiz sacrificial.
Sentidos
1. poner, colocar, depositar — Significado físico nuclear: poner, colocar o depositar un objeto o una persona en un lugar. Abarca colocar una lámpara sobre un candelero (Marcos 4:21), depositar un cuerpo en un sepulcro (Mateo 27:60) y poner enemigos debajo de los pies (Mateo 22:44). La fisicidad es siempre concreta — algo se mueve y se sitúa en una ubicación determinada. El español emplea 'poner,' 'colocar' y 'depositar' según el registro. 79×
AR["أَضَعَ", "جَثَا", "وَضَعوهُ", "وَضَعَ", "وَضَعَهُ", "وَضَعُوا", "يَضَعْ"]·ben["-শত্রুদের", "আমি-রাখি", "তিনি-রাখলেন", "রাখল", "রাখলেন", "রাখি", "রাখেছিলেন", "রেখে", "রেখেছে", "ἔθηκεν-রাখলেন"]·DE["legen", "legt"]·EN["I-place", "I-put", "appointed", "having-placed", "he-placed", "laid", "placed", "they-laid", "they-placed"]·FR["legen", "mettre", "poser"]·heb["אֶת-", "אָשִׂים", "כָּרַע", "שָׂם", "שָׂמוּ"]·HI["उसने-रखा", "कब्र", "रख", "रख-दूँ", "रख-दूं", "रखकर", "रखा", "रखा-था", "रखूँ", "रखूं"]·ID["Aku-menaruh", "Aku-menempatkan", "Berlutut", "Dia-meletakkan", "dia-meletakkan", "ia-meletakkan", "meletakkan", "menaruh", "menetapkan", "menyimpan", "mereka-meletakkan"]·IT["mettere", "porre"]·jav["Kawula-ndadosaken", "Kula-masangaken", "Kula-ndadosaken", "Panjenenganipun-nyelèhaken", "mapanaken", "masang", "masangaken", "netepaken", "nyarèkaken", "nyèlèhaken", "sami-masang", "sami-nyimpen", "tiyang-tiyang-nyarèkaken"]·KO["내가-놓을-때까지", "놓고", "놓았다", "놓았으니", "놓으셨다", "놓을-때에", "누였는지", "누였다", "두기까지", "두는다", "두셨다", "두었다"]·PT["colocou", "designou", "eu-ponha", "ponha", "puseram", "pôs", "tendo-posto"]·RU["положивший", "положил", "положили", "положу", "поставил", "преклонив"]·ES["habiendo-puesto", "ponga", "poniendo", "pusieron", "puso"]·SW["-", "akaliweka", "akamweka", "akaweka", "akipiga-magoti", "aliuweka", "kuweka", "na", "nitawaweka", "niweke", "wakamlaza", "wakaweka", "wakayaweka", "walimweka", "wamemlaza"]·TR["diz-çökerek", "diz-çöküp", "koyana", "koyayım", "koydu", "koydular"]·urd["بنیاد", "رکھ-کر", "رکھا", "رکھوں", "لگایا", "میں-رکھوں"]
Matt 22:44, Matt 24:51, Matt 27:60, Mark 4:21, Mark 4:21, Mark 6:29, Mark 10:16, Mark 12:36, Mark 15:19, Mark 15:46, Mark 16:6, Luke 1:66 (+38 más)
2. designar, establecer — Extensión metafórica al nombramiento o establecimiento en un cargo o posición de autoridad. Jesús dice a los discípulos 'yo os he puesto' para que llevéis fruto (Juan 15:16); Dios 'puso' a Pablo como luz a los gentiles (Hechos 13:47); el Espíritu Santo 'constituyó' a los ancianos como obispos (Hechos 20:28). El árabe pasa de waḍaʿa a jaʿala (hacer/designar), señalando una clara separación semántica de la colocación física. 10×
AR["أَقَامَكُمْ", "أُقِمْتُ", "جَعَلتُكَ", "واضِعاً", "واضِعًا", "وَضَعَهُ", "وَضَعْتُ", "وُضِعوا"]·ben["আমি-স্থাপন-করেছি", "আমি-স্থাপিত-হয়েছি", "তারা-নিযুক্ত-হয়েছিল", "নিযুক্ত-হয়েছি", "রেখে", "রেখেছি", "স্থাপন-করলেন", "স্থাপন-করে", "স্থাপন-করেছেন"]·DE["legen", "legt"]·EN["I-have-made", "I-have-set", "appointed", "having-appointed", "having-set", "he-appointed", "placed", "they-were-appointed", "was-appointed"]·FR["legen", "mettre", "poser"]·heb["הֻצַּבְתִּי", "הוּשְׂמוּ", "שַׂמְתִּי", "שַׂמְתִּיךָ", "שָׂם"]·HI["ठहराए-गए-थे", "ठहराकर", "ठहराया", "ठहराया-है", "नियुक्त-किय-गय", "रख-कर", "रख-गय", "रखा-है"]·ID["Aku-telah-menempatkan", "Ia-tetapkan", "aku-ditetapkan", "menempatkan", "menetapkan", "menetapkan;", "mereka-ditetapkan", "telah-Kujadikan"]·IT["mettere", "porre"]·jav["Kawula-netepaken", "Kawula-sampun-masangaken", "Kula-netepaken", "dipuntetepaken", "kang-dipuntemtokaken.", "kula-dipun-tetepaken", "kula-tinanggenaken", "masang;", "netepaken"]·KO["놓아", "놓았다;", "세우셨다", "세우셨으니", "세워졌다", "세웠노라", "세웠다", "정해졌느니라"]·PT["Pus", "constituiu", "foram-postos.", "fui-designado", "pondo", "pus", "te-constituí", "tendo-posto"]·RU["Поставил", "были-положены.", "поставив", "поставил", "поставлен-был"]·ES["Te-he-puesto", "fueron-puestos", "fui-puesto", "habiendo-puesto", "poniendo", "puse", "puso", "te-he-puesto"]·SW["Nimekuweka", "akiniweka", "akiweka", "amemweka", "amewaweka", "niliwaweka", "niliwekwa", "nimekuweka", "waliwekwa"]·TR["atadı", "atadım", "atandılar", "atandım", "koyarak", "koydum"]·urd["اُس-نے-ٹھہرایا", "بناتے-ہوئے؛", "رکھا-ہے", "رکھتے-ہوئے", "مقرر-کیا-گیا", "مقرّر-کیا", "میں-نے-بنایا-ہے", "ٹھہرائے-گئے۔", "ٹھہرایا"]
3. dar la vida — Expresión idiomática especializada, τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν ('poner/dar la vida'), que denota la muerte sacrificial voluntaria. Casi las nueve ocurrencias se concentran en Juan 10:11-18 y 1 Juan 3:16. El idioma es joánico y cristológico, centrado en la entrega libre del Buen Pastor. El español recurre a 'poner la vida' o 'dar la vida,' captando la voluntariedad del acto sacrificial. 9×
AR["أَضَع", "أَضَعَ", "أَن-أَضَع", "سَـ-أَضَعُ", "سَـ-تَضَعُ", "يَضَع", "يَضَعَ"]·ben["আমি-দিই", "আমি-রাখব", "দিই", "দেয়", "রাখতে", "রাখব", "রাখবে", "রাখে"]·DE["legen"]·EN["I-lay-down", "I-may-offer", "I-will-lay-down", "lay-down", "lays-down", "to-lay-down", "you-will-lay-down"]·FR["mettre", "poser"]·heb["אֶתֵּן", "אָשִׂים", "יִתֵּן", "לָ-שִׂים", "נוֹתֵן", "תִּתֵּן"]·HI["देता-हूँ", "देता-है", "देने-का", "रखूँ", "रखूँगा", "रखे", "रखेगा"]·ID["Ku-serahkan", "aku-akan-berikan", "aku-menyediakan", "engkau-akan-berikan", "menyerahkan", "untuk-menyerahkan"]·IT["mettere", "porre"]·jav["kula-badh醮asrahaken.", "kula-damel", "maringi", "masrahaken", "panjenengan-badh醮asrahaken?"]·KO["내놓겠느냐", "내놓겠다", "내놓기", "내놓는-것", "내놓는다", "내놓을", "놓으리라"]·PT["coloque", "darei", "darás", "de-pôr", "ponha", "ponho", "põe"]·RU["полагает", "полагаю", "положил", "положить", "положишь", "положу"]·ES["pondrás", "pondré", "pone", "poner", "ponga", "pongo"]·SW["aitoe", "anatoa", "kuutoa", "niitoe", "ninatoa", "ninautoa", "nitaitoa", "utaitoa"]·TR["koyayım", "koymaya", "koysun", "koyuyor", "koyuyorum", "vereceksin", "vereceğim"]·urd["دیتا-ہوں", "دیتا-ہے", "دینا", "دے", "رکھوں-گا", "رکھے-گا", "پیش-کروں"]
4. decidir, proponerse — Modismo de resolución mental: fijar algo en el corazón o proponerse un curso de acción (τίθημι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ o τίθημι βουλήν). Pablo 'se propuso en el Espíritu' ir a Jerusalén (Hechos 19:21); los marineros 'decidieron' encallar la nave (Hechos 27:12). La colocación física se ha interiorizado por completo — uno deposita una decisión dentro de la propia voluntad. El español emplea 'proponer' y 'resolver.' 2×
AR["أَعْطَوْا", "عَزَمَ"]·ben["সিদ্ধান্ত-করিল", "স্থির-করলেন"]·DE["legt"]·EN["decided", "purposed"]·FR["mettre"]·heb["הֶחְלִיטוּ", "שָׂם"]·HI["ठाना", "निर्णयलिया"]·ID["menetapkan"]·IT["mettere"]·jav["mutusaken"]·KO["정하셨다", "정하였다"]·PT["propôs", "tomaram"]·RU["положил", "приняли"]·ES["propuso", "pusieron"]·SW["aliamua", "walifanya"]·TR["koydu", "koydular"]·urd["رائے-دی", "ٹھانا"]
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Referencia BDB / Léxico
τίθημι [τῐ], 2nd pers. singular τιθεῖς Refs 5th c.BC+ codices Lp (-θείς P, τίθης l), Alc. Refs 5th c.BC+ (προσ-); ἐν-τιθεῖς (variant{-εὶς}) Refs 5th c.BC+; but τίθης is found in Refs 5th c.BC+ (προσ-), etc., and is taught by Refs 4th c.AD+; Epic dialect τίθησθα Refs 8th c.BC+, and so in Aeolic dialect, Refs 7th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular τίθησι Refs 8th c.BC+, and Attic dialect; Doric dialect…