To encourage or comfort one another mutually, to experience shared strengthening. Paul writes in Romans 1:12 of his desire to visit Rome 'that we may be mutually encouraged by each other's faith, yours and mine.' The word goes beyond one-directional encouragement to reciprocal strengthening—Paul expects not just to give but to receive comfort from Roman Christians. This mutuality challenges hierarchical models where the apostle only imparts: Paul presents himself as needing the encouragement of fellow believers whose faith will strengthen his own.