σκολιός G4646
Crooked, bent, twisted; figuratively perverse, morally corrupt, dishonest
This adjective literally means bent or curved — the opposite of straight (euthys). Classical Greek applied it to winding rivers and crooked paths, but its metaphorical force is what dominates the New Testament. Luke 3:5 quotes Isaiah's vision that 'the crooked shall be made straight,' announcing moral and cosmic renewal. Peter urges his hearers to save themselves from 'this crooked generation' (Acts 2:40), and Paul calls believers to shine as lights amid a 'crooked and twisted generation' (Phil 2:15). The word in 1 Peter 2:18 applies to harsh or perverse masters, showing its range from cosmic to domestic settings.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Crooked, bent, twisted; by extension morally perverse or corrupt. The literal sense of physical curvature (opposite of euthys, 'straight') underlies the dominant metaphorical usage in the NT. Spanish 'perverso/torcido' and French 'tortueux' both capture the blend of physical and moral crookedness. In Luke 3:5 it refers to what will be made straight at the Lord's coming; in Acts 2:40 and Phil 2:15 it characterizes a morally warped generation; in 1 Pet 2:18 it describes harsh, unreasonable masters. 4×
AR["العِوَجِ", "المُعْوَجِّ", "الْمُعْوَجُّ", "مُعَوَّجٍ"]·ben["কঠোরদের", "কুটিল", "বাঁকা"]·DE["krumm", "σκολιὰ", "σκολιᾶς"]·EN["crooked"]·FR["tortu", "tortueux"]·heb["עֲקַלְקַל", "עִקְּשִׁים", "עִקֵּשׁ"]·HI["कठोर-के-भी", "टेढ़ी", "तेधे"]·ID["bengkok", "itu", "jahat", "yang-bengkok"]·IT["skolia", "skolias", "skoliois", "storto"]·jav["bengkok", "bengkong", "bengkong."]·KO["굳은", "굽은-것들-이", "까다로운-이에게도", "누구든지"]·PT["perversa", "perversos.", "tortuosos"]·RU["извилистые", "развращённого", "строптивого", "суровым."]·ES["perversa", "perversos", "torcida", "torcidas"]·SW["kilichopotoka", "vilivyopotoka", "wakali"]·TR["carpik", "eğriler", "huysuzlara", "sapkın"]·urd["سخت-گیر۔", "ٹیڑھی", "ٹیڑھی-کے", "ٹیڑھے"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
σκολιός, ά, όν, curved, bent (opposed to ὀρθός, εὐθύς), σ. σίδηρος Refs 5th c.BC+; of rivers and paths, winding, ποταμός Refs 5th c.BC+; οἶμος, ἀτραπός, etc., Refs 4th c.BC+; twisted, tangled, βάτος Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐς τὸ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 bent sideways, δουλείη κεφαλή, σκολιή Refs 6th c.BC+; ἵππος σ. crooked made or going askew, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, crooked, i.e. unjust,…