σβέννῡμι G4570
To quench, extinguish: put out fire or light, or figuratively suppress the Spirit's work.
Sbennumi means to put out or extinguish a flame, and the NT uses it both literally and figuratively with striking effect. Jesus quotes Isaiah: 'a smoldering wick he will not quench' (Matt 12:20), picturing gentle preservation of the faint. The foolish virgins' lamps 'are going out' (Matt 25:8). Mark 9:44-48 repeats the terrible refrain about Gehenna where 'the fire is not quenched.' Paul's command 'Do not quench the Spirit' (1 Thess 5:19) transfers the fire metaphor to the Holy Spirit's activity. Hebrews 11:34 celebrates those who 'quenched the power of fire.' Spanish 'apagar' and French 'eteindre' consistently render both literal and figurative uses.
Senses
1. to quench, extinguish — To extinguish, quench, or put out fire or light, extended figuratively to suppressing spiritual activity. The verb spans a remarkable range: the gentle preservation of a 'smoldering wick' (Matt 12:20, citing Isa 42:3), the anxious plea of foolish virgins whose lamps 'are going out' (Matt 25:8), and the fearsome image of unquenchable fire in Gehenna (Mark 9:44-48). Paul's metaphorical 'do not quench the Spirit' (1 Thess 5:19) treats the Spirit's work as a flame that human neglect can extinguish. Spanish 'apagar,' French 'eteindre,' and German 'ausloeschen' all convey the same extinguishing action across both literal and spiritual registers. 8×
AR["أَطْفَأُوا", "أَن-تُطفِئوا", "تَنْطَفِئُ", "تُطْفَأُ", "تُطْفِئوا", "يُطفِئُ"]·ben["নিভাতে।", "নিভাবে", "নিভিয়ে-দিল", "নিভে-যাচ্ছে", "নেভাও", "নেভে"]·DE["ausloeschen", "σβέννυνται", "σβέσει"]·EN["are-going-out", "he-will-quench", "is-quenched", "quench", "quenched", "to-extinguish"]·FR["éteindre"]·heb["יְכַבֶּה", "כִּבּוּ", "כָּבוֹת", "לְכַבּוֹת.", "נִכְבָּה", "תְּכַבּוּ"]·HI["बुझ-रहे-हैं", "बुझअओ", "बुझअन", "बुझअयेगअ", "बुझती", "बुझाया"]·ID["akan-memadamkan", "memadamkan", "memadamkan.", "padam", "padamkan"]·IT["esbesan", "sbennute", "sbesai", "spegnere"]·jav["badhé-nyirep,", "nyirep", "nyirep.", "padha-nyirep.", "pejah", "sèp"]·KO["꺼뜨렸으니", "꺼져간다", "꺼지지", "끄다", "끄지", "소멸하지-말라."]·PT["apagam-se", "apagar.", "apagaram", "apagueis", "se-apaga"]·RU["гаснут", "погасить.", "угасает", "угасили", "угасит", "угашайте"]·ES["apagar", "apagaron", "apagará", "apaguéis", "se-apaga", "se-apagan"]·SW["hauzimiki", "izime", "kuyazima", "walizima", "zima,", "zinazimika"]·TR["söndürdüler", "söndürmeyecek", "söndürmeyin", "sönüyor", "sönüyorlar"]·urd["بجھاؤ", "بجھائی", "بجھائے-گا", "بجھانے-کو", "بجھتی", "بجھتے-ہیں"]
Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)H2822 1. darkness, absence of light (80×)G5457 1. light (illumination) (71×)G0450 1. rise, stand up (physical) (69×)H6965b 2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid (50×)H6999a 2. burn sacrifice on altar (Hifil) (45×)H5553 1. rock, cliff (physical feature) (43×)H6965b 4. Hifil: to establish, confirm (covenant/kingdom/word) (40×)H1197a 1. burn, be on fire (39×)H4306 1. rain, showers (38×)H1653 1. rain, precipitation (34×)G4655 1. darkness (30×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
σβέννῡμι, Refs 5th c.BC+; σβεννύω, Refs 5th c.BC+: imperfect ἐσβέννυον Refs 2nd c.AD+future σβέσω App Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect σβέσσω Oracle texts cited in Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔσβεσα Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect infinitive σβέσσαι Refs 8th c.BC+; Ionic dialect infinitive κατα-ς βῶσαι Refs 3rd c.BC+perfect and aorist 2, see below:—middle, future σβήσομαι (ἀπο-) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist…